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路德维希·爱德华·玻尔兹曼（1844年2月20日—1906年9月5日），奥地利物理学家、哲学家。他最伟大的功绩是发展了统计力学，并且从统计意义出发解释了热力学第二定律。1877年，他给出了目前熵的定义，即玻尔兹曼熵公式：<syntaxhighlight>

路德维希·爱德华·玻尔兹曼（1844年2月20日—1906年9月5日），奥地利物理学家、哲学家。他最伟大的功绩是发展了统计力学，并且从统计意义出发解释了热力学第二定律。1877年，他给出了目前熵的定义，即玻尔兹曼熵公式：<math><math>S = k_{\rm B} \ln \Omega \!<math></math>

<math>S = k_{\rm B} \ln \Omega \!<math>

</syntaxhighlight>

将熵解释为系统统计无序性的度量

将熵解释为系统统计无序性的度量

Statistical mechanics is one of the pillars of modern [[physics]]. It describes how macroscopic observations (such as [[temperature]] and [[pressure]]) are related to microscopic parameters that fluctuate around an average. It connects thermodynamic quantities (such as [[heat capacity]]) to microscopic behavior, whereas, in [[classical thermodynamics]], the only available option would be to measure and tabulate such quantities for various materials.<ref name="gibbs">{{cite book |last=Gibbs |first=Josiah Willard |author-link=Josiah Willard Gibbs |title=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics |year=1902 |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |location=New York |title-link=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics }}</ref>

Statistical mechanics is one of the pillars of modern [[physics]]. It describes how macroscopic observations (such as [[temperature]] and [[pressure]]) are related to microscopic parameters that fluctuate around an average. It connects thermodynamic quantities (such as [[heat capacity]]) to microscopic behavior, whereas, in [[classical thermodynamics]], the only available option would be to measure and tabulate such quantities for various materials.<ref name="gibbs">{{cite book |last=Gibbs |first=Josiah Willard |author-link=Josiah Willard Gibbs |title=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics |year=1902 |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |location=New York |title-link=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics }}</ref>