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路德维希·爱德华·玻尔兹曼(1844年2月20日—1906年9月5日),奥地利物理学家、哲学家。他最伟大的功绩是发展了统计力学,并且从统计意义出发解释了热力学第二定律。1877年,他给出了目前熵的定义,即玻尔兹曼熵公式:<math>S = k_{\rm B} \ln \Omega \!</math>,将熵解释为系统统计无序性的度量。
 
路德维希·爱德华·玻尔兹曼(1844年2月20日—1906年9月5日),奥地利物理学家、哲学家。他最伟大的功绩是发展了统计力学,并且从统计意义出发解释了热力学第二定律。1877年,他给出了目前熵的定义,即玻尔兹曼熵公式:<math>S = k_{\rm B} \ln \Omega \!</math>,将熵解释为系统统计无序性的度量。
马克斯·普朗克命名{{math|''k''<sub>B</sub>}}为[[玻尔兹曼常数]]<ref>{{Citation
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马克斯·普朗克命名{{math|''k''<sub>B</sub>}}为[[玻尔兹曼常数]]
| last = Partington
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| first = J.R.
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| author-link = J.R. Partington
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| title = An Advanced Treatise on Physical Chemistry
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| volume = volume 1, ''Fundamental Principles'', ''The Properties of Gases''
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| place = London
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| publisher = [[Longman|Longmans, Green and Co.]]
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| series =
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| origyear =
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| year = 1949
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| page = 300}}</ref>。
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Statistical mechanics is one of the pillars of modern [[physics]]. It describes how macroscopic observations (such as [[temperature]] and [[pressure]]) are related to microscopic parameters that fluctuate around an average. It connects thermodynamic quantities (such as [[heat capacity]]) to microscopic behavior, whereas, in [[classical thermodynamics]], the only available option would be to measure and tabulate such quantities for various materials.<ref name="gibbs">{{cite book |last=Gibbs |first=Josiah Willard |author-link=Josiah Willard Gibbs |title=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics |year=1902 |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |location=New York |title-link=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics }}</ref>
 
Statistical mechanics is one of the pillars of modern [[physics]]. It describes how macroscopic observations (such as [[temperature]] and [[pressure]]) are related to microscopic parameters that fluctuate around an average. It connects thermodynamic quantities (such as [[heat capacity]]) to microscopic behavior, whereas, in [[classical thermodynamics]], the only available option would be to measure and tabulate such quantities for various materials.<ref name="gibbs">{{cite book |last=Gibbs |first=Josiah Willard |author-link=Josiah Willard Gibbs |title=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics |year=1902 |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |location=New York |title-link=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics }}</ref>
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统计力学是现代物理学的支柱之一。它描述了宏观观察量(如温度和压力)如何与围绕平均值波动的微观参数相联系。它将热力学量(比如热容)与微观行为联系起来,而在经典热力学中,唯一可行的选择就是测量各种材料的热力学量,然后列成表格<ref name="gibbs">{{cite book |last=Gibbs |first=Josiah Willard |author-link=Josiah Willard Gibbs |title=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics |year=1902 |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |location=New York |title-link=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics }}</ref>。
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统计力学是现代物理学的支柱之一。它描述了宏观观察量(如温度和压力)如何与围绕平均值波动的微观参数相联系。它将热力学量(比如热容)与微观行为联系起来,而在经典热力学中,唯一可行的选择就是测量各种材料的热力学量,然后列成表格。
    
==个人简介==
 
==个人简介==
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