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! -- 定义 --

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'''人工智能 Artificial Intelligence,AI'''，在[计算机科学]中亦称'''机器智能 Machine Intelligence'''。与人和其他动物表现出的'''自然智能 Nature Intelligence'''相反，AI指由人制造出来的机器所表现出来的智能。前沿AI的教科书把AI定义为对“智能体”的研究：智能体指任何感知周围环境并采取行动以最大化其成功实现目标的机会的机器。<ref name="Definition of AI"/>通俗来说，“AI”就是机器模仿人类与人类大脑相关的“认知”功能：例如“学习”和“解决问题”。

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In [[computer science]], '''artificial intelligence''' ('''AI'''), sometimes called '''machine intelligence''', is [[intelligence]] demonstrated by [[machine]]s, in contrast to the '''natural intelligence''' displayed by [[human intelligence|humans]] and [[animal cognition|animals]]. Leading AI textbooks define the field as the study of "[[intelligent agent]]s": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals.<ref name="Definition of AI"/> Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is often used to describe machines (or computers) that mimic "cognitive" functions that humans associate with the [[human mind]], such as "learning" and "problem solving".{{sfn|Russell|Norvig|2009|p=2}}

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In computer science, artificial intelligence (AI), sometimes called machine intelligence, is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals. Leading AI textbooks define the field as the study of "intelligent agents": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is often used to describe machines (or computers) that mimic "cognitive" functions that humans associate with the human mind, such as "learning" and "problem solving".

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'''人工智能 Artificial Intelligence,AI'''~~，在计算机科学中亦称~~'''机器智能 Machine Intelligence'''。与人和其他动物表现出的'''自然智能 Nature Intelligence'''相反，AI指由人制造出来的机器所表现出来的智能。前沿AI的教科书把AI定义为对“智能体”的研究：智能体指任何感知周围环境并采取行动以最大化其成功实现目标的机会的机器。通俗来说，“AI”就是机器模仿人类与人类大脑相关的“认知”功能：例如“学习”和“解决问题”

As machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered to require "intelligence" are often removed from the definition of AI, a phenomenon known as the [[AI effect]].<ref>{{Harvnb|McCorduck|2004|p=204}}</ref> A quip in Tesler's Theorem says "AI is whatever hasn't been done yet."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://people.cs.georgetown.edu/~maloof/cosc270.f17/cosc270-intro-handout.pdf|title=Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction, p. 37|last=Maloof|first=Mark|date=|website=georgetown.edu|access-date=}}</ref> For instance, [[optical character recognition]] is frequently excluded from things considered to be AI,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hackernoon.com/how-ai-is-getting-groundbreaking-changes-in-talent-management-and-hr-tech-d24ty3zzd|title= How AI Is Getting Groundbreaking Changes In Talent Management And HR Tech|publisher=Hackernoon}}</ref> having become a routine technology.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Schank |first=Roger C. |title=Where's the AI |magazine=AI magazine |volume=12 |issue=4 |year=1991|p=38}}</ref> Modern machine capabilities generally classified as AI include successfully [[natural language understanding|understanding human speech]],{{sfn|Russell|Norvig|2009}} competing at the highest level in [[strategic game]] systems (such as [[chess]] and [[Go (game)|Go]]),<ref name="bbc-alphago"/> [[autonomous car|autonomously operating cars]], intelligent routing in [[content delivery network]]s, and [[military simulations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ai.mil/docs/Understanding%20AI%20Technology.pdf|title=Department of Defense Joint AI Center - Understanding AI Technology|last=Allen|first=Gregory|date=April 2020|website=AI.mil - The official site of the Department of Defense Joint Artificial Intelligence Center|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=25 April 2020}}</ref>.

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~~'''以下搬运存在尾端缺失！'''~~

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'''As machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered to require "intelligence" are often removed from the definition of AI, a phenomenon known as the AI effect. A quip in Tesler's Theorem says "AI is whatever hasn't been done yet." For instance, optical character recognition is frequently excluded from things considered to be AI, having become a routine technology. Modern machine capabilities generally classified as AI include successfully understanding human speech, competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go),'''

AI的范围也有争议：随着机器的能力越来越大，很多被认为需要“智能”的任务被一个个从AI范畴中除名。这就是所谓的AI效应。'''泰斯勒定理'''巧妙地把AI描述为“AI是任何还没有实现的东西。”所以比如光学字符识别就往往不再被认为属于AI行列，而已经成为了一种常规技术。被认为是AI的现代机器功能包括顺利理解人类口语，在策略型游戏中完成高水平的竞赛（例如国际象棋和围棋）,自动驾驶汽车，内容分发网络和军事模拟的智能规划。

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