更改

Various categorizations of context have been proposed in the past. Dey and Abowd (1999)Towards a Better Understanding of Context and Context-Awareness distinguish between the context types location, identity, activity and time. Kaltz et al. (2005) identified the categories user&role, process&task, location, time and device to cover a broad variety of mobile and web scenarios. They emphasize yet for these classical modalities that any optimal categorization depends very much on the application domain and use case. Beyond more advanced modalities may apply when not only single entities are addressed, but also clusters of entities that work in a coherence of context, as e.g. teams at work or also single bearers with a multiplicity of appliances.

Various categorizations of context have been proposed in the past. Dey and Abowd (1999)Towards a Better Understanding of Context and Context-Awareness distinguish between the context types location, identity, activity and time. Kaltz et al. (2005) identified the categories user&role, process&task, location, time and device to cover a broad variety of mobile and web scenarios. They emphasize yet for these classical modalities that any optimal categorization depends very much on the application domain and use case. Beyond more advanced modalities may apply when not only single entities are addressed, but also clusters of entities that work in a coherence of context, as e.g. teams at work or also single bearers with a multiplicity of appliances.

= = 上下文的特性过去已经提出了各种上下文的分类。为了更好地理解语境和语境感知，区分语境类型、位置、身份、活动和时间。Kaltz et al.(2005)确定了用户与角色、流程与任务、位置、时间和设备的类别，以涵盖各种各样的移动和网络场景。他们还强调，对于这些经典模式，任何最佳分类都非常依赖于应用程序领域和用例。除了更先进的模式之外，如果不仅涉及单一实体，而且涉及在一致背景下开展工作的多个实体，例如:。团队在工作或也与多种器具的单身搬运人。

过去已经提出了各种各样的上下文分类。为了更好地理解语境和语境感知，区分语境类型、位置、身份、活动和时间。Kaltz et al.(2005)确定了用户与角色、流程与任务、位置、时间和设备的类别，以涵盖各种各样的移动和网络场景。他们还强调，对于这些经典模式，任何最佳分类都非常依赖于应用程序领域和用例。除了更先进的模式之外，如果不仅涉及单一实体，而且涉及在一致背景下开展工作的多个实体，例如:。团队在工作或也与多种器具的单身搬运人。

Some classical understanding of context in business processes is derived from the definition of AAA applications<ref>[http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2/security/configuration/guide/scfaaa.html CISCO AAA Overview]</ref> with the following three categories:

Some classical understanding of context in business processes is derived from the definition of AAA applications<ref>[http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2/security/configuration/guide/scfaaa.html CISCO AAA Overview]</ref> with the following three categories:

Context-aware devices may also try to make assumptions about the user's current situation. Dey (2001) define context as "any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity."

Context-aware devices may also try to make assumptions about the user's current situation. Dey (2001) define context as "any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity."

在计算机科学中，上下文感知是指计算机既能感知环境，又能根据环境做出反应。设备可能知道在什么情况下它们能够按照规则或智能刺激进行操作，从而做出相应的反应。语境意识这个术语在《普适计算由 Schilit 引入(1994)。上下文感知设备也可能尝试对用户的当前情况进行假设。Dey (2001)将上下文定义为“可用于描述实体状况的任何信息”

在计算机科学中，上下文感知指的是计算机既能感知环境，又能根据环境做出反应。设备可能知道在什么情况下它们能够按照规则或智能刺激进行操作，从而做出相应的反应。语境意识这个术语在《普适计算由 Schilit 引入(1994)。上下文感知设备也可能尝试对用户的当前情况进行假设。Dey (2001)将上下文定义为“可用于描述实体状况的任何信息”

While the computer science community initially perceived the context as a matter of user location, as Dey discuss,<ref name="dey2001"/> in the last few years this notion has been considered not simply as a state, but part of a process in which users are involved; thus, sophisticated and general context models have been proposed (see survey<ref name="curino-context2007">{{cite journal  

While the computer science community initially perceived the context as a matter of user location, as Dey discuss,<ref name="dey2001"/> in the last few years this notion has been considered not simply as a state, but part of a process in which users are involved; thus, sophisticated and general context models have been proposed (see survey<ref name="curino-context2007">{{cite journal  

Context awareness has been applied to the area of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) to help individuals work and collaborate more efficiently with each other.  Since the early 1990s, researchers have developed a large number of software and hardware systems that can collect contextual information (e.g., location, video feeds, away status messages) from users.  This information is then openly shared with other users, thereby improving their situational awareness, and allowing them to identify natural opportunities to interact with each other.  In the early days of context-aware computing, many of the systems developed for this purpose were specifically designed to assist businesses or geographically separated work teams collaborate on shared documents or work artifacts.  More recently, however, there has been a growing body of work that demonstrates how this technique can also be applied to groups of friends or family members to help keep them apprised of each other's activities.

Context awareness has been applied to the area of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) to help individuals work and collaborate more efficiently with each other.  Since the early 1990s, researchers have developed a large number of software and hardware systems that can collect contextual information (e.g., location, video feeds, away status messages) from users.  This information is then openly shared with other users, thereby improving their situational awareness, and allowing them to identify natural opportunities to interact with each other.  In the early days of context-aware computing, many of the systems developed for this purpose were specifically designed to assist businesses or geographically separated work teams collaborate on shared documents or work artifacts.  More recently, however, there has been a growing body of work that demonstrates how this technique can also be applied to groups of friends or family members to help keep them apprised of each other's activities.

与语境相关的人为因素被分为三类: 关于使用者的信息(习惯知识、情绪状态、生理生态条件)、使用者的社会环境(与他人共处、社会互动、群体动态)和使用者的任务(自发活动、参与任务、一般目标)。同样，与物理环境相关的上下文被分为三类: 位置(绝对位置、相对位置、同位)、基础设施(计算、通信、任务执行的周围资源)和物理条件(噪音、光线、压力、空气质量)。情境感知通信系统的综合框架。基哈尼，e. Bertin，n. Crespi。第15届国际下一代网络智能会议(ICIN’11) ，柏林，德国，2011年10月冷链监控系统的自我组织机制。马罗特，贝克尔。第73届车辆技术会议2011年(VTC Spring) ，日本横滨2011年5月 = = 关系上下文: 动态和非用户中心定义 = = 早期的上下文定义往往侧重于用户或直接与用户接口的设备，但经常引用的 Dey 的定义(”任何可用于描述实体状况的信息”)可以不受这种限制。以用户为中心的上下文，正如在人机界面设计中可能使用的那样，也可能意味着在“内容”(用户显式输入的任何内容，或用户输出的任何内容)和上下文之间过于明确和部分武断的分离，前者是隐含的，用于适应目的。一个更加动态和去中心的观点，主张杜里什，保罗。“当我们谈论环境时，我们谈论的是什么。”个人和普适计算8.1(2004) : 19-30. 视上下文为主要的关系。这最初与从桌面计算到普适计算计算的转变是一致的，但它也符合对环境智能计算的更广泛的理解，在这种理解中，上下文和内容之间的区别变得相对和动态。Https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230704197_ambient_intelligence  · 斯特里茨，诺伯特 · a. 和吉尔 · 普雷瓦特。在这种观点看来，无论哪种信息来源(如物联网传感器)可能是某些用途和应用的背景，也可能是其他用途和应用的主要内容来源，反之亦然。重要的是一系列的关系，这些关系将他们联系在一起，并与他们的环境联系在一起。尽管早期对单用户为中心的上下文的描述可能适合于经典的实体属性值模型，但更多用途的基于图的信息模型，例如与 NGSI-LD 提出的模型，更适合于捕捉与物联网、网络物理系统和数字孪生相关的更关联的上下文视图。在这个更广泛的含义中，上下文不仅表示为附加到一个实体的一组属性，它还被一个将这个实体与其他实体结合在一起的图所捕获。上下文感知是从不同来源获取这些跨领域信息的能力。= = = 情景或社会意识应用 = = 上下文意识已应用于计算机支持的协同工作领域，以帮助个人更有效地工作和相互协作。自20世纪90年代初以来，研究人员已经开发了大量的软件和硬件系统，可以从用户那里收集上下文信息(例如，位置、视频反馈、远离状态信息)。然后，这些信息就可以与其他用户公开分享，从而提高他们的情势察觉，并使他们能够识别出自然的机会，与其他人进行互动。在上下文感知计算的早期，为此目的开发的许多系统都是专门设计来协助企业或地理上分离的工作团队协作共享文档或工件的。然而，最近有越来越多的研究表明，这种技术也可以应用到朋友或家庭成员的群体中，以帮助他们了解彼此的活动。

与语境相关的人为因素被分为三类: 关于使用者的信息(习惯知识、情绪状态、生理生态条件)、使用者的社会环境(与他人共处、社会互动、群体动态)和使用者的任务(自发活动、参与任务、一般目标)。同样，与物理环境相关的上下文被分为三类: 位置(绝对位置、相对位置、同位)、基础设施(计算、通信、任务执行的周围资源)和物理条件(噪音、光线、压力、空气质量)。情境感知通信系统的综合框架。基哈尼，e. Bertin，n. Crespi。第15届国际下一代网络智能会议(ICIN’11) ，柏林，德国，2011年10月冷链监控系统的自我组织机制。马罗特，贝克尔。2011年5月，第73届车辆技术会议(VTC Spring) ，日本横滨，2011年5月。尽管早期对上下文的定义往往侧重于用户或与用户直接接口的设备，但经常引用的 Dey 的定义(”可用于描述实体状况的任何信息”)可以不受这种限制。以用户为中心的上下文，正如在人机界面设计中可能使用的那样，也可能意味着在“内容”(用户显式输入的任何内容，或用户输出的任何内容)和上下文之间过于明确和部分武断的分离，前者是隐含的，用于适应目的。一个更加动态和去中心的观点，主张杜里什，保罗。“当我们谈论环境时，我们谈论的是什么。”个人和普适计算8.1(2004) : 19-30. 视上下文为主要的关系。这最初与从桌面计算到普适计算计算的转变是一致的，但它也符合对环境智能计算的更广泛的理解，在这种理解中，上下文和内容之间的区别变得相对和动态。Https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230704197_ambient_intelligence  · 斯特里茨，诺伯特 · a. 和吉尔 · 普雷瓦特。在这种观点看来，无论哪种信息来源(如物联网传感器)可能是某些用途和应用的背景，也可能是其他用途和应用的主要内容来源，反之亦然。重要的是一系列的关系，这些关系将他们联系在一起，并与他们的环境联系在一起。尽管早期对单用户为中心的上下文的描述可能适合于经典的实体属性值模型，但更多用途的基于图的信息模型，例如与 NGSI-LD 提出的模型，更适合于捕捉与物联网、网络物理系统和数字孪生相关的更关联的上下文视图。在这个更广泛的含义中，上下文不仅表示为附加到一个实体的一组属性，它还被一个将这个实体与其他实体结合在一起的图所捕获。上下文感知是从不同来源获取这些跨领域信息的能力。上下文感知已经应用到了计算机计算机支持的协同工作领域，以帮助个人更有效地工作和相互协作。自20世纪90年代初以来，研究人员已经开发了大量的软件和硬件系统，可以从用户那里收集上下文信息(例如，位置、视频反馈、远离状态信息)。然后，这些信息就可以与其他用户公开分享，从而提高他们的情势察觉，并使他们能够识别出自然的机会，与其他人进行互动。在上下文感知计算的早期，为此目的开发的许多系统都是专门设计来协助企业或地理上分离的工作团队协作共享文档或工件的。然而，最近有越来越多的研究表明，这种技术也可以应用到朋友或家庭成员的群体中，以帮助他们了解彼此的活动。

To date, systems that use context awareness to improve situational awareness can be characterised by:

To date, systems that use context awareness to improve situational awareness can be characterised by:

Context-aware mobile agentsBurstein et.al. Context Aware Mobile Agents in Healthcare  are a best suited host implementing any context-aware applications. Modern integrated voice and data communications equips the hospital staff with smart phones to communicate vocally with each other, but preferably to look up the next task to be executed and to capture the next report to be noted.

Context-aware mobile agentsBurstein et.al. Context Aware Mobile Agents in Healthcare  are a best suited host implementing any context-aware applications. Modern integrated voice and data communications equips the hospital staff with smart phones to communicate vocally with each other, but preferably to look up the next task to be executed and to capture the next report to be noted.

= = = 在医疗保健中的应用 = = 上下文感知的移动代理 sburstein/et.al。上下文感知的医疗保健移动代理是实现任何上下文感知应用程序的最适合的主机。现代化的综合语音和数据通信使医院的工作人员能够使用智能手机进行语音通信，但最好是查找下一个要执行的任务，并捕捉下一个要注意的报告。

上下文感知移动代理 sburstein et.al。上下文感知的医疗保健移动代理是实现任何上下文感知应用程序的最适合的主机。现代化的综合语音和数据通信使医院的工作人员能够使用智能手机进行语音通信，但最好是查找下一个要执行的任务，并捕捉下一个要注意的报告。

However, all attempts to support staff with such approaches are hampered till failure of acceptance with the need to look up upon a new event for patient identities, order lists and work schedules. Hence a well suited solution has to get rid of such manual interaction with a tiny screen and therefore serves the user with

However, all attempts to support staff with such approaches are hampered till failure of acceptance with the need to look up upon a new event for patient identities, order lists and work schedules. Hence a well suited solution has to get rid of such manual interaction with a tiny screen and therefore serves the user with

Context-aware mobile agents are a well suited host implementing newer context-aware applications in relation to the new paradigm with industry 4.0. Modern integrated (voice and) data communications equips the workshop or production line staff with smart phones to communicate data with production control for feedback, where data originates from detecting and identifying components and parts to get integrated in flexible production management for on-demand products.

Context-aware mobile agents are a well suited host implementing newer context-aware applications in relation to the new paradigm with industry 4.0. Modern integrated (voice and) data communications equips the workshop or production line staff with smart phones to communicate data with production control for feedback, where data originates from detecting and identifying components and parts to get integrated in flexible production management for on-demand products.

= = 工业生产中的应用程序 = = 上下文感知的移动代理程序是一个非常适合的主机，针对工业4.0的新范例实现了较新的上下文感知应用程序。现代的综合(语音和)数据通信使车间或生产线的工作人员配备了智能手机，以便与生产控制部门沟通数据，从而获得反馈，数据来源于检测和识别零部件，以便对按需产品进行灵活的生产管理。

上下文感知的移动代理是一个非常适合的主机，它实现了与工业4.0的新范例相关的更新的上下文感知应用程序。现代的综合(语音和)数据通信使车间或生产线的工作人员配备了智能手机，以便与生产控制部门沟通数据，从而获得反馈，数据来源于检测和识别零部件，以便对按需产品进行灵活的生产管理。

However, all attempts to support staff with such approaches are hampered by fixed production schedules unless the information for customer demand and product configuration can be matched with parts supply. Hence a well suited solution has to get rid of missing interaction of production plan and production line occurrence of relevant information and material by means of

However, all attempts to support staff with such approaches are hampered by fixed production schedules unless the information for customer demand and product configuration can be matched with parts supply. Hence a well suited solution has to get rid of missing interaction of production plan and production line occurrence of relevant information and material by means of

==Applications in pervasive games==

==Applications in pervasive games==

= = 应用程序在普遍的游戏 = =  

= = 应用程序在普遍的游戏 = =

A [[pervasive game]] is leveraging the sensed human contexts to adapt game system behaviors. By blending of real and virtual elements and enabling users to physically interact with their surroundings during the play, people can become fully involved in and attain better gaming experience. For example, a pervasive game that uses the contexts of human activity and location in [[smart home]]s is reported by an [[autonomous agent]].<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11042-010-0711-z?LI=true B. Guo, R. Fujimura, D. Zhang, M. Imai.Design-in-Play: Improving the Variability of Indoor Pervasive Games. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2011]</ref>

A [[pervasive game]] is leveraging the sensed human contexts to adapt game system behaviors. By blending of real and virtual elements and enabling users to physically interact with their surroundings during the play, people can become fully involved in and attain better gaming experience. For example, a pervasive game that uses the contexts of human activity and location in [[smart home]]s is reported by an [[autonomous agent]].<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11042-010-0711-z?LI=true B. Guo, R. Fujimura, D. Zhang, M. Imai.Design-in-Play: Improving the Variability of Indoor Pervasive Games. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2011]</ref>

Museums and archaeological sites sometimes provide multimedia mobile devices as an alternative to the conventional audio guide (see e.g. the Tate Modern in London.Multimedia guides at Tate Modern A context aware device will use the location, current user interactions and the graph of connected objects to dynamically tailor the information presented to the user.PAST Project - Context Aware Visitor Guiding In some cases this is combined with real-time navigation around the site to guide the user to artefacts or exhibits that are likely to be of interest, based on the user's previous interactions.AGAMEMNON - Real-time Visitor Guiding

Museums and archaeological sites sometimes provide multimedia mobile devices as an alternative to the conventional audio guide (see e.g. the Tate Modern in London.Multimedia guides at Tate Modern A context aware device will use the location, current user interactions and the graph of connected objects to dynamically tailor the information presented to the user.PAST Project - Context Aware Visitor Guiding In some cases this is combined with real-time navigation around the site to guide the user to artefacts or exhibits that are likely to be of interest, based on the user's previous interactions.AGAMEMNON - Real-time Visitor Guiding

= = 在移动多媒体设备中的应用 = = 博物馆和考古遗址有时提供多媒体移动设备，作为传统音频指南的替代品。伦敦的泰特现代美术馆。多媒体指南在泰特现代美术馆一个环境感知设备将使用位置，当前用户交互和连接对象的图形，动态裁剪呈现给用户的信息。过去的项目-环境感知访问者指导在某些情况下，这是结合在网站周围的实时导航，引导用户根据用户以前的交互可能感兴趣的人工制品或展品

博物馆及考古遗址有时会提供多媒体流动装置，以取代传统的音频导赏服务。伦敦的泰特现代美术馆。多媒体指南在泰特现代美术馆一个环境感知设备将使用位置，当前用户交互和连接对象的图形，动态裁剪呈现给用户的信息。过去的项目-环境感知访问者指导在某些情况下，这是结合在网站周围的实时导航，引导用户根据用户以前的交互可能感兴趣的人工制品或展品

==See also==

==See also==

* Differentiated service

* Differentiated service

 

* 上下文适应  

* 上下文适应  

* 上下文感知的协同过滤  

* 上下文感知的协同过滤  

* Middleware for context collection and personal profile exchange(Invalid)

* Middleware for context collection and personal profile exchange(Invalid)

 

* 上下文感知自适应移动学习系统开发中可接受性分析器的设计方法  

* 上下文感知自适应移动学习系统开发中可接受性分析器的设计方法  

* 通过无线传感器网络捕获移动通信环境智能(研究项目)  

* 通过无线传感器网络捕获移动通信环境智能(研究项目)  

* 将移动应用程序和服务的进步带到用户能够接触到的范围(研究项目)  

* 将移动应用程序和服务的进展带到用户能够接触到的范围(研究项目)  

* 中间件用于上下文收集和个人个

* 用于上下文收集和个人配置文件交换的中间件(Invalid)

== External links ==

== External links ==

* Peer-reviewed encyclopedia chapter on Context Awareness and Computing

* Peer-reviewed encyclopedia chapter on Context Awareness and Computing

 

* 经同行评审的百科全书关于上下文意识和计算的章节

* 同行评审的百科全书关于上下文认知和计算的章节

{{Ambient intelligence}}

{{Ambient intelligence}}