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Probability density function (PDF) of ERF due to total GHG, aerosol forcing and total anthropogenic forcing. The GHG consists of WMGHG, ozone and stratospheric water vapour. The PDFs are generated based on uncertainties provided in Table 8.6. The combination of the individual RF agents to derive total forcing over the Industrial Era are done by Monte Carlo simulations and based on the method in Boucher and Haywood (2001). PDF of the ERF from surface albedo changes and combined contrails and contrail-induced cirrus are included in the total anthropogenic forcing, but not shown as a separate PDF. We currently do not have ERF estimates for some forcing mechanisms: ozone, land use, solar, etc.

Probability density function (PDF) of ERF due to total GHG, aerosol forcing and total anthropogenic forcing. The GHG consists of WMGHG, ozone and stratospheric water vapour. The PDFs are generated based on uncertainties provided in Table 8.6. The combination of the individual RF agents to derive total forcing over the Industrial Era are done by Monte Carlo simulations and based on the method in Boucher and Haywood (2001). PDF of the ERF from surface albedo changes and combined contrails and contrail-induced cirrus are included in the total anthropogenic forcing, but not shown as a separate PDF. We currently do not have ERF estimates for some forcing mechanisms: ozone, land use, solar, etc.

基于总温室气体、气溶胶强迫和总人为强迫的ERF概率密度函数(PDF)。温室气体由WMGHG、臭氧和平流层水蒸汽组成。pdf文件是根据表8.6提供的不确定性生成的。基于Boucher和Haywood(2001)的方法，通过蒙特卡洛模拟，将单个射频agent组合起来，得出工业时代的总强迫。从地面反照率变化和混合尾迹和尾迹诱导的卷云的ERF的PDF包含在总人为强迫中，但没有单独显示为一个PDF。我们目前还没有一些强迫机制的ERF估计:臭氧、土地利用、太阳能等。<ref>''Climate Change 2013 The Physical Science Basis'' (PDF). Cambridge University Press. 2013. p. 697. ISBN <bdi>978-1-107-66182-0</bdi>. Retrieved 2 March 2016.</ref>

基于总温室气体、气溶胶强迫和总人为强迫的'''有效辐射强迫 Effective Radiative Forcing（ERF）概率密度函数 Probability Density Function(PDF)'''。温室气体由'''充分混合温室气体 Well Mixed Greenhouse Gases（WMGHG）'''、臭氧和平流层水蒸汽组成。概率密度函数是根据表8.6提供的不确定性生成的。基于'''鲍彻 Boucher'''和'''海伍德 Haywood'''(2001)的方法，通过蒙特卡洛模拟，将单个辐射强迫介质组合起来，得出工业时代的总强迫。来自地面反照率变化和混合尾迹和尾迹诱导的卷云的有效辐射强迫的概率密度函数包含在总人为强迫中，而不是单独显示为独立的概率密度函数。我们目前还没有有效辐射强迫来估计一些强迫机制，例如：臭氧、土地利用、太阳能等。<ref>''Climate Change 2013 The Physical Science Basis'' (PDF). Cambridge University Press. 2013. p. 697. ISBN <bdi>978-1-107-66182-0</bdi>. Retrieved 2 March 2016.</ref>

===Computational biology 计算生物学===

===Computational biology 计算生物学===