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===医疗 ===
 
===医疗 ===
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{{Main|Artificial intelligence in healthcare}}
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[[File:Laproscopic Surgery Robot.jpg|thumb| A patient-side surgical arm of [[Da Vinci Surgical System]]]]
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在医疗保健中,AI通常被用于分类,它既可以自动对 CT 扫描或心电图EKG进行初步评估,又可以在人口健康调查中识别高风险患者。AI的应用范围正在迅速扩大。
 
在医疗保健中,AI通常被用于分类,它既可以自动对 CT 扫描或心电图EKG进行初步评估,又可以在人口健康调查中识别高风险患者。AI的应用范围正在迅速扩大。
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[[File:X-ray of a hand with automatic bone age calculation.jpg|thumb|[[Projectional radiography|X-ray]] of a hand, with automatic calculation of [[bone age]] by computer software,一只手的X光射线图,自动计算了骨龄]]
      
例如研究结果表明,AI在成本高昂的剂量问题上可以节省160亿美元。2016年,加利福尼亚州的一项开创性研究报道,在AI的辅助下得到的一个数学公式,给出了器官患者免疫抑制药的准确剂量<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hbr.org/2018/05/10-promising-ai-applications-in-health-care|title=10 Promising AI Applications in Health Care|date=2018-05-10|work=Harvard Business Review|access-date=2018-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215015645/https://hbr.org/2018/05/10-promising-ai-applications-in-health-care|archive-date=15 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> 。
 
例如研究结果表明,AI在成本高昂的剂量问题上可以节省160亿美元。2016年,加利福尼亚州的一项开创性研究报道,在AI的辅助下得到的一个数学公式,给出了器官患者免疫抑制药的准确剂量<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hbr.org/2018/05/10-promising-ai-applications-in-health-care|title=10 Promising AI Applications in Health Care|date=2018-05-10|work=Harvard Business Review|access-date=2018-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215015645/https://hbr.org/2018/05/10-promising-ai-applications-in-health-care|archive-date=15 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> 。
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--[[用户:Thingamabob|Thingamabob]]([[用户讨论:Thingamabob|讨论]]) 例如研究结果表明,AI在高成本的剂量问题上可以节省160亿美元。 为省译
      
AI还能协助医生。据彭博科技报道,微软已经开发出帮助医生找到正确的癌症治疗方法的AI<ref>{{cite news | author=Dina Bass | title=Microsoft Develops AI to Help Cancer Doctors Find the Right Treatments | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-20/microsoft-develops-ai-to-help-cancer-doctors-find-the-right-treatments | date=20 September 2016 | publisher=Bloomberg | url-status=live | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511103625/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-20/microsoft-develops-ai-to-help-cancer-doctors-find-the-right-treatments | archivedate=11 May 2017 | df=dmy-all | newspaper=Bloomberg.com }}</ref>。如今有大量的研究和药物开发与癌症有关,准确来说有800多种可以治疗癌症的药物和疫苗。这对医生来说并不是一件好事,因为选项太多,使得为病人选择合适的药物变得更难。微软正在开发一种名为“汉诺威”的机器。它的目标是记住所有与癌症有关的论文,并帮助预测哪些药物的组合对病人最有效。目前正在进行的一个项目是抗击髓系白血病,这是一种致命的癌症,几十年来治疗水平一直没有提高。据报道,另一项研究发现,AI在识别皮肤癌方面与训练有素的医生一样优秀<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-38717928|title=Artificial intelligence 'as good as cancer doctors'|last=Gallagher|first=James|date=26 January 2017|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=26 January 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126133849/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-38717928|archivedate=26 January 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>。另一项研究是使用AI通过询问每个高风险患者多个问题来监测他们,这些问题是基于从医生与患者的互动中获得的数据产生的<ref>{{Citation|title=Remote monitoring of high-risk patients using artificial intelligence|date=18 Oct 1994|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US5357427|editor-last=Langen|editor2-last=Katz|editor3-last=Dempsey|editor-first=Pauline A.|editor2-first=Jeffrey S.|editor3-first=Gayle|issue=US5357427 A|accessdate=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228090520/https://www.google.com/patents/US5357427|archivedate=28 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>。其中一项研究是通过转移学习完成的,机器进行的诊断类似于训练有素的眼科医生,可以在30秒内做出是否应该转诊治疗的决定,准确率超过95% <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cell.com/action/captchaChallenge?redirectUri=%2Fcell%2Fpdf%2FS0092-8674%2818%2930154-5.pdf|title=Identifying Medical Diagnoses and Treatable Diseases by Image-Based Deep Learning|last=Kermany|first=D|last2=Goldbaum|first2=M|journal=Cell|access-date=2018-12-18|last3=Zhang|first3=Kang|volume=172|issue=5|pages=1122–1131.e9|pmid=29474911|year=2018|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.010}}</ref>。
 
AI还能协助医生。据彭博科技报道,微软已经开发出帮助医生找到正确的癌症治疗方法的AI<ref>{{cite news | author=Dina Bass | title=Microsoft Develops AI to Help Cancer Doctors Find the Right Treatments | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-20/microsoft-develops-ai-to-help-cancer-doctors-find-the-right-treatments | date=20 September 2016 | publisher=Bloomberg | url-status=live | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511103625/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-20/microsoft-develops-ai-to-help-cancer-doctors-find-the-right-treatments | archivedate=11 May 2017 | df=dmy-all | newspaper=Bloomberg.com }}</ref>。如今有大量的研究和药物开发与癌症有关,准确来说有800多种可以治疗癌症的药物和疫苗。这对医生来说并不是一件好事,因为选项太多,使得为病人选择合适的药物变得更难。微软正在开发一种名为“汉诺威”的机器。它的目标是记住所有与癌症有关的论文,并帮助预测哪些药物的组合对病人最有效。目前正在进行的一个项目是抗击髓系白血病,这是一种致命的癌症,几十年来治疗水平一直没有提高。据报道,另一项研究发现,AI在识别皮肤癌方面与训练有素的医生一样优秀<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-38717928|title=Artificial intelligence 'as good as cancer doctors'|last=Gallagher|first=James|date=26 January 2017|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=26 January 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126133849/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-38717928|archivedate=26 January 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>。另一项研究是使用AI通过询问每个高风险患者多个问题来监测他们,这些问题是基于从医生与患者的互动中获得的数据产生的<ref>{{Citation|title=Remote monitoring of high-risk patients using artificial intelligence|date=18 Oct 1994|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US5357427|editor-last=Langen|editor2-last=Katz|editor3-last=Dempsey|editor-first=Pauline A.|editor2-first=Jeffrey S.|editor3-first=Gayle|issue=US5357427 A|accessdate=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228090520/https://www.google.com/patents/US5357427|archivedate=28 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>。其中一项研究是通过转移学习完成的,机器进行的诊断类似于训练有素的眼科医生,可以在30秒内做出是否应该转诊治疗的决定,准确率超过95% <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cell.com/action/captchaChallenge?redirectUri=%2Fcell%2Fpdf%2FS0092-8674%2818%2930154-5.pdf|title=Identifying Medical Diagnoses and Treatable Diseases by Image-Based Deep Learning|last=Kermany|first=D|last2=Goldbaum|first2=M|journal=Cell|access-date=2018-12-18|last3=Zhang|first3=Kang|volume=172|issue=5|pages=1122–1131.e9|pmid=29474911|year=2018|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.010}}</ref>。
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据 CNN 报道,华盛顿国家儿童医疗中心的外科医生最近的一项研究成功演示了一台自主机器人手术。研究组观看了机器人做软组织手术、在开放手术中缝合猪肠的整个过程,并认为比人类外科医生做得更好<ref>{{cite news|author=Senthilingam, Meera|title=Are Autonomous Robots Your next Surgeons?|work=CNN|publisher=Cable News Network|date=12 May 2016|accessdate=4 December 2016|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/12/health/robot-surgeon-bowel-operation/|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203154119/http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/12/health/robot-surgeon-bowel-operation|archivedate=3 December 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> 。IBM已经创造了自己的AI计算机——IBM 沃森,它在某种程度上已经超越了人类智能。沃森一直在努力实现医疗保健领域的应用<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/biomedical/diagnostics/how-ibm-watson-overpromised-and-underdelivered-on-ai-health-care|title=Full Page Reload|website=IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref>。
 
据 CNN 报道,华盛顿国家儿童医疗中心的外科医生最近的一项研究成功演示了一台自主机器人手术。研究组观看了机器人做软组织手术、在开放手术中缝合猪肠的整个过程,并认为比人类外科医生做得更好<ref>{{cite news|author=Senthilingam, Meera|title=Are Autonomous Robots Your next Surgeons?|work=CNN|publisher=Cable News Network|date=12 May 2016|accessdate=4 December 2016|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/12/health/robot-surgeon-bowel-operation/|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203154119/http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/12/health/robot-surgeon-bowel-operation|archivedate=3 December 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> 。IBM已经创造了自己的AI计算机——IBM 沃森,它在某种程度上已经超越了人类智能。沃森一直在努力实现医疗保健领域的应用<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/biomedical/diagnostics/how-ibm-watson-overpromised-and-underdelivered-on-ai-health-care|title=Full Page Reload|website=IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref>。
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===汽车 ===
 
===汽车 ===
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