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== 主题 ==
== 主题 ==
下面是一些已经用社交模拟探索过的样本主题:
下面是一些已经用社交模拟探索过的样本主题:
* '''社会规范''': Robert Axelrod使用模拟来研究道德的基础<ref>Robert Axelrod (1986): [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~axe/Axelrod%20Norms%20APSR%201986%20(2).pdf An Evolutionary Approach to Norms]</ref>; 其他人使用模因模拟了规范的出现<ref>Felix Flentge, Daniel Polani and Thomas Uthmann (2001) [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/4/4/3.html Modelling the Emergence of Possession Norms using Memes]</ref>，或者社会规范和情绪可以互相调节<ref>Alexander Staller and Paolo Petta (2001): [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/4/1/2.html Introducing Emotions into the Computational Study of Social Norms: A First Evaluation]</ref><ref>See Martin Neumann (2008): [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/11/4/6.html Homo Socionicus: a Case Study of Simulation Models of Norms] for an overview of the recent (as of 2008) research.</ref>。
* '''社会规范''': Robert Axelrod使用模拟来研究道德的基础<ref>Robert Axelrod (1986): [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~axe/Axelrod%20Norms%20APSR%201986%20(2).pdf An Evolutionary Approach to Norms]</ref>; 其他人使用模因模拟了规范的出现<ref>Felix Flentge, Daniel Polani and Thomas Uthmann (2001) [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/4/4/3.html Modelling the Emergence of Possession Norms using Memes]</ref>，或者社会规范和情绪可以互相调节<ref>Alexander Staller and Paolo Petta (2001): [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/4/1/2.html Introducing Emotions into the Computational Study of Social Norms: A First Evaluation]</ref><ref>See Martin Neumann (2008): [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/11/4/6.html Homo Socionicus: a Case Study of Simulation Models of Norms] for an overview of the recent (as of 2008) research.</ref>。
* '''制度'''：通过调查代理人在什么条件下设法协调<ref>José Castro Caldas and Helder Coelho (1999): [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/2/2/1.html The Origin of Institutions: socio-economic processes, choice, norms and conventions]</ref>，或者通过模仿Robert Putnam的公民传统著作<ref>Dan Miodownik, Britt Cartrite and Ravi Bhavnani (2010): [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/13/3/1.html Between Replication and Docking: "Adaptive Agents, Political Institutions, and Civic Traditions" Revisited]</ref>。
* '''制度'''：通过调查代理人在什么条件下设法协调<ref>José Castro Caldas and Helder Coelho (1999): [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/2/2/1.html The Origin of Institutions: socio-economic processes, choice, norms and conventions]</ref>，或者通过模仿Robert Putnam的公民传统著作<ref>Dan Miodownik, Britt Cartrite and Ravi Bhavnani (2010): [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/13/3/1.html Between Replication and Docking: "Adaptive Agents, Political Institutions, and Civic Traditions" Revisited]</ref>。
* '''声誉'''：例如通过使用Pierre Bourdieu的声誉模型（形象，社会尊重和声望），并观察他们在虚拟市场中的行为。 <ref>Christian Hahn, Bettina Fley, Michael Florian, Daniela Spresny and Klaus Fischer (2007) : [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/10/1/2.html Social Reputation: a Mechanism for Flexible Self-Regulation of Multiagent Systems]</ref>
* '''声誉'''：例如通过使用Pierre Bourdieu的声誉模型（形象，社会尊重和声望），并观察他们在虚拟市场中的行为。 <ref>Christian Hahn, Bettina Fley, Michael Florian, Daniela Spresny and Klaus Fischer (2007) : [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/10/1/2.html Social Reputation: a Mechanism for Flexible Self-Regulation of Multiagent Systems]</ref>
* '''知识传播和科学的社会过程'''：在人工社会和社会模拟杂志(Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation)上有一个关于这个主题的特别部分<ref>[http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/14/4/contents.html JASSS vol. 14: Special section: Simulating the Social Processes of Science]</ref>。
* '''知识传播和科学的社会过程'''：在人工社会和社会模拟杂志(Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation)上有一个关于这个主题的特别部分<ref>[http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/14/4/contents.html JASSS vol. 14: Special section: Simulating the Social Processes of Science]</ref>。
* '''选举'''：Kim(2011)模拟了之前研究中的判断心理模型（明显具有动机的推理），并对比了模拟的统计规律和选民行为的经验观察<ref>Sung-youn Kim (2011): [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/14/2/3.html A Model of Political Judgment: An Agent-Based Simulation of Candidate Evaluation]</ref>，其他人比较了委托方法。<ref>Ramzi Suleiman and Ilan Fischer (2000) [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/3/4/1.html When One Decides for Many: The Effect of Delegation Methods on Cooperation in Simulated Inter-group Conflicts]</ref><ref>Marie-Edith Bissey, Mauro Carini and Guido Ortona (2004) [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/7/3/3.html ALEX3, a Simulation Program to Compare Electoral Systems]</ref>
* '''选举'''：Kim(2011)模拟了之前研究中的判断心理模型（明显具有动机的推理），并对比了模拟的统计规律和选民行为的经验观察<ref>Sung-youn Kim (2011): [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/14/2/3.html A Model of Political Judgment: An Agent-Based Simulation of Candidate Evaluation]</ref>，其他人比较了委托方法。<ref>Ramzi Suleiman and Ilan Fischer (2000) [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/3/4/1.html When One Decides for Many: The Effect of Delegation Methods on Cooperation in Simulated Inter-group Conflicts]</ref><ref>Marie-Edith Bissey, Mauro Carini and Guido Ortona (2004) [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/7/3/3.html ALEX3, a Simulation Program to Compare Electoral Systems]</ref>
* '''经济学'''：参见计算经济学(computational economics)和基于agent的计算经济学(agent-based computational economics)。
* '''经济学'''：参见计算经济学(computational economics)和基于agent的计算经济学(agent-based computational economics)。
==模拟和建模的类型==
==模拟和建模的类型==