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* {{cite journal |citeseerx= 10.1.1.28.613 |title= A Gentle Tutorial of the EM Algorithm and its Application to Parameter Estimation for Gaussian Mixture and Hidden Markov Models|first=Jeff |last= Bilmes |year= 1998}} includes a simplified derivation of the EM equations for Gaussian Mixtures and Gaussian Mixture Hidden Markov Models.

* {{cite journal |citeseerx= 10.1.1.28.613 |title= A Gentle Tutorial of the EM Algorithm and its Application to Parameter Estimation for Gaussian Mixture and Hidden Markov Models|first=Jeff |last= Bilmes |year= 1998}} includes a simplified derivation of the EM equations for Gaussian Mixtures and Gaussian Mixture Hidden Markov Models.

* {{cite book |first1=Geoffrey J. |last1=McLachlan |first2=Thriyambakam |last2=Krishnan |title=The EM Algorithm and Extensions |location=Hoboken |publisher=Wiley |edition=2nd |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-471-20170-0 }}

* {{cite book |first1=Geoffrey J. |last1=McLachlan |first2=Thriyambakam |last2=Krishnan |title=The EM Algorithm and Extensions |location=Hoboken |publisher=Wiley |edition=2nd |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-471-20170-0 }}

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