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= = 与其他生命理论的比较 = =  

= = 与其他生命理论的比较 = =  

(''M,R'') systems constitute just one of several current theories of life, including the [[chemoton]]<ref name=gantibook>{{cite book| isbn= 9780198507260| title = The Principles of Life | last = Gánti | first = Tibor |publisher = Oxford University Press | date = 2003|editor1 = Eörs Száthmary | editor2 = James Griesemer}}</ref> of [[Tibor Gánti]], the [[Hypercycle (chemistry)|hypercycle]] of [[Manfred Eigen]] and [[Peter Schuster]],<ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.11007/bf00450633|last1 = Eigen |first1 = M| last2 = Schuster |first2 =P | title = The hypercycle: a principle of natural self-organization. A: emergence of the hypercycle| journal= Naturwissenschaften|volume = 64|issue = 11|pages = 541–565}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1007/bf00420631|last1 = Eigen |first1 = M| last2 = Schuster |first2 =P | title = The hypercycle: a principle of natural self-organization. B: the abstract hypercycle| journal= Naturwissenschaften|volume = 65|issue = 1 |pages = 7–41}}</ref>

(''M,R'') systems constitute just one of several current theories of life, including the [[chemoton]]<ref name="gantibook">{{cite book| isbn= 9780198507260| title = The Principles of Life | last = Gánti | first = Tibor |publisher = Oxford University Press | date = 2003|editor1 = Eörs Száthmary | editor2 = James Griesemer}}</ref> of [[Tibor Gánti]], the [[Hypercycle (chemistry)|hypercycle]] of [[Manfred Eigen]] and [[Peter Schuster]],<ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.11007/bf00450633|last1 = Eigen |first1 = M| last2 = Schuster |first2 =P | title = The hypercycle: a principle of natural self-organization. A: emergence of the hypercycle| journal= Naturwissenschaften|volume = 64|issue = 11|pages = 541–565}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1007/bf00420631|last1 = Eigen |first1 = M| last2 = Schuster |first2 =P | title = The hypercycle: a principle of natural self-organization. B: the abstract hypercycle| journal= Naturwissenschaften|volume = 65|issue = 1 |pages = 7–41}}</ref>

<ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1007/bf00420631|last1 = Eigen |first1 = M| last2 = Schuster |first2 =P | title = The hypercycle: a principle of natural self-organization. C: the realistic hypercycle| journal= Naturwissenschaften|volume = 65|issue = 7 |pages = 41–369}}</ref> [[Autopoiesis|autopoiesis]] (or ''self-building'')<ref>{{cite book| last1=Maturana |first1 = H. R.|last2 =Varela|first2 = F. |title = Autopoiesis and cognition: the realisation of the living|date=1980|publisher= D. Reidel Publishing Company| place = Dordrecht}}</ref> of [[Humberto Maturana]] and [[Francisco Varela]], and the [[Autocatalytic set|autocatalytic sets]]<ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1016/0022-5193(69)90015-0|last1 = Kauffman|first1= S. A. |title = Metabolic stability and epigenesis in randomly constructed genetic nets| journal = J. Theor. Biol. |volume =22|issue=3|date=1969|pages=437–467}}</ref> of [[Stuart Kauffman]], similar to an earlier proposal by [[Freeman Dyson]].<ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1007/bf01733901 | title =A model for the origin of life| last = Dyson| first = F. J.|journal = J. Mol. Evol.| volume = 18| issue = 5| pages=344–350| date =1982}}</ref>  

<ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1007/bf00420631|last1 = Eigen |first1 = M| last2 = Schuster |first2 =P | title = The hypercycle: a principle of natural self-organization. C: the realistic hypercycle| journal= Naturwissenschaften|volume = 65|issue = 7 |pages = 41–369}}</ref> [[Autopoiesis|autopoiesis]] (or ''self-building'')<ref>{{cite book| last1=Maturana |first1 = H. R.|last2 =Varela|first2 = F. |title = Autopoiesis and cognition: the realisation of the living|date=1980|publisher= D. Reidel Publishing Company| place = Dordrecht}}</ref> of [[Humberto Maturana]] and [[Francisco Varela]], and the [[Autocatalytic set|autocatalytic sets]]<ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1016/0022-5193(69)90015-0|last1 = Kauffman|first1= S. A. |title = Metabolic stability and epigenesis in randomly constructed genetic nets| journal = J. Theor. Biol. |volume =22|issue=3|date=1969|pages=437–467}}</ref> of [[Stuart Kauffman]], similar to an earlier proposal by [[Freeman Dyson]].<ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1007/bf01733901 | title =A model for the origin of life| last = Dyson| first = F. J.|journal = J. Mol. Evol.| volume = 18| issue = 5| pages=344–350| date =1982}}</ref>  

All of these (including (''M,R'') systems) found their original inspiration in Erwin Schrödinger's book ''What is Life?''<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Schrödinger| first1 = Erwin|title = What is Life? |publisher = Cambridge University Press|date = 1944}}</ref> but at first they appear to have little in common with one another, largely because the authors did not communicate with one another, and none of them made any reference in their principal publications to any of the other theories.  Nonetheless, there are more similarities than may be obvious at first sight, for example between Gánti and Rosen.<ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.05.015|title = Tibor Gánti and Robert Rosen: contrasting approaches to the same problem|last1 =Cornish-Bowden | first1 =A.|journal= J. Theor. Biol. |volume = 381|pages = 6–10|date=2015}}</ref> Until recently<ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.06.033 |title= From ''L’Homme Machine'' to metabolic closure: steps towards understanding life|last1 = Letelier|first1 = J C|last2=Cárdenas |first2 =M L|last3=Cornish-Bowden|first3 =A |journal=J. Theor. Biol. | date = 2011 | volume= 286|issue= 1 | pages= 100–113}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.03.002| title=Time rescaling and pattern formation in biological evolution| journal =BioSystems|volume=123 |pages= 19–26|date= 2014|last=Igamberdiev|first=A.U.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1016/j.biosystems.2019.104063

All of these (including (''M,R'') systems) found their original inspiration in Erwin Schrödinger's book ''What is Life?''<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Schrödinger| first1 = Erwin|title = What is Life? |publisher = Cambridge University Press|date = 1944}}</ref> but at first they appear to have little in common with one another, largely because the authors did not communicate with one another, and none of them made any reference in their principal publications to any of the other theories.  Nonetheless, there are more similarities than may be obvious at first sight, for example between Gánti and Rosen.<ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.05.015|title = Tibor Gánti and Robert Rosen: contrasting approaches to the same problem|last1 =Cornish-Bowden | first1 =A.|journal= J. Theor. Biol. |volume = 381|pages = 6–10|date=2015}}</ref> Until recently<ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.06.033 |title= From ''L’Homme Machine'' to metabolic closure: steps towards understanding life|last1 = Letelier|first1 = J C|last2=Cárdenas |first2 =M L|last3=Cornish-Bowden|first3 =A |journal=J. Theor. Biol. | date = 2011 | volume= 286|issue= 1 | pages= 100–113}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.03.002| title=Time rescaling and pattern formation in biological evolution| journal =BioSystems|volume=123 |pages= 19–26|date= 2014|last=Igamberdiev|first=A.U.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1016/j.biosystems.2019.104063