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吉多·威廉姆斯·因本斯 Guido Wilhelmus Imbens (查看源代码)

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Guido Wilhelmus Imbens (生于1963年9月3日)是一位荷裔美国经济学家。2021年，英本斯与约书亚 · 安格里斯特共同获得诺贝尔经济学奖一半奖金,”表彰他们在因果关系分析方面的方法学贡献”，戴维 · 卡德获得另一半奖金。自2012年以来，他一直担任斯坦福大学商学院(Stanford Graduate School of Business at Stanford University)经济学教授。

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吉多·威廉姆斯·因本斯(生于1963年9月3日)是一位荷裔美国经济学家，2021年，因本斯与约书亚·安格瑞斯特共同获得诺贝尔经济学奖的一半奖金，以表彰他们在因果关系分析方面的方法学贡献，戴维·卡德获得另一半奖金。自2012年以来，他一直担任斯坦福大学商学院经济学教授。

==Early life and education==

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= = 早年生活与教育 = = Guido Wilhelmus Imbens 1963年9月3日出生于海尔德罗普。1975年，他全家搬到了德尔讷，他在那里上学。作为一个孩子，Imbens 是一个狂热的棋手。在2021年的一次采访中，Imbens 将他对计量经济学的热情与他童年时对这个游戏的兴趣联系起来。

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早年生活于教育

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1963年9月3日，吉多·威廉姆斯·因本斯出生于荷兰的海尔德罗普。1975年，他全家搬到了德尔讷并在那里上学。小时候，因本斯是一个狂热的棋手，在2021年的一次采访中，因本斯将他对计量经济学的热情与他童年时对下棋的兴趣联系起来。

Imbens graduated with a [[Candidate (degree)#The Netherlands and Belgium|Candidate's degree]] (equivalent to a Bachelor's degree) in Econometrics from [[Erasmus University Rotterdam]] in 1983. He subsequently obtained an [[Master of Science|MSc]] degree ''[[Latin honors|with distinction]]'' in Economics and Econometrics from the [[University of Hull]] in [[Kingston upon Hull]], UK in 1986.<ref name="Imbens_Curriculum_Vitae" />

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1983年，Imbens 毕业于鹿特丹大学，获得计量经济学学士学位(相当于学士学位)。随后，他于1986年在英国赫尔大学赫尔河畔金斯顿获得了经济学和计量经济学硕士学位。

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1983年，因本斯毕业于鹿特丹大学，获得计量经济学学士学位。随后，他于1986年在英国赫尔大学赫尔河畔金斯顿获得了经济学和计量经济学硕士学位。

In 1986, one of Imbens' mentors at the University of Hull, [[Tony Lancaster|Anthony Lancaster]], moved to [[Brown University]] in [[Providence, Rhode Island]]. Imbens followed Lancaster to Brown to pursue further graduate and doctoral studies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Irel|first=Corydon|last2=Office|first2=Harvard News|date=2007-03-15|title=Bringing hard science to economics|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2007/03/bringing-hard-science-to-economics/|access-date=2021-10-13|website=Harvard Gazette|language=en-US|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814054707/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2007/03/bringing-hard-science-to-economics/|url-status=live}}</ref> Imbens received an [[Master of Arts|AM]] and a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] degree, both in Economics, from Brown in 1989 and 1991, respectively.<ref name="thesis-imbens-1991">{{cite thesis |title=Two essays in econometrics |date=1991 |institution= Brown University |degree=Ph.D. |last=Imbens |first=Guido Wilhelmus |id={{ProQuest|303881903}} |oclc=26957442}}</ref><ref name="Imbens_Curriculum_Vitae" /><ref>{{cite web | title = Guido Imbens, 1991 Brown Ph.D. recipient, is 2016 – 17 Horace Mann Medal winner | url = https://economics.brown.edu/announcements/guido-imbens-1991-brown-phd-recipient-2016-17-horace-mann-medal-winner | website = Brown University Department of Economics website | date = 22 May 2017 | access-date = 11 October 2021}}</ref>

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[[File:Brown_university_robinson_hall_2009a_crop_and_straighten.jpg|thumb|The Department of Economics at [[Brown University]]]]

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[[File:Brown_university_robinson_hall_2009a_crop_and_straighten.jpg|thumb|The Department of Economics at [[Brown University]]|链接=Special:FilePath/Brown_university_robinson_hall_2009a_crop_and_straighten.jpg]]

In 1986, one of Imbens' mentors at the University of Hull, Anthony Lancaster, moved to Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Imbens followed Lancaster to Brown to pursue further graduate and doctoral studies. Imbens received an AM and a PhD degree, both in Economics, from Brown in 1989 and 1991, respectively.

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1986年，Imbens 在赫尔大学的导师之一 Anthony Lancaster 搬到了位于罗德岛普罗维登斯的布朗大学。英本斯跟随兰开斯特到布朗大学继续攻读研究生和博士学位。英本斯分别于1989年和1991年在布朗大学获得了经济学硕士和博士学位。

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1986年，因本斯在赫尔大学的导师之一--安东尼·兰开斯特搬到了位于罗德岛普罗维登斯的布朗大学。因本斯跟随兰开斯特到布朗大学继续攻读研究生和博士学位，并在1989年和1991年在布朗大学获得了经济学硕士和博士学位。

==Career==

Imbens has taught at [[Harvard University]] (1990–97, 2006–12), [[Tilburg University]] (1989-1990), the [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (1997–2001), and the [[University of California, Berkeley]] (2002–06). He specializes in [[econometrics]], which are particular methods for drawing [[causal inference]].<ref name="Imbens_Curriculum_Vitae" /> He became the editor of ''[[Econometrica]]'' in 2019 and will serve in that capacity until 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Editorial Board {{!}} The Econometric Society|url=https://www.econometricsociety.org/publications/econometrica/editorial-board|access-date=16 February 2021|website=www.econometricsociety.org|archive-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302020006/https://www.econometricsociety.org/publications/econometrica/editorial-board|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2021, he is a professor of [[Econometrics|applied econometrics]] and [[economics]] at [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]]. He is also a senior fellow at the [[Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research|Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR)]] and a professor of economics at the institute's School of Humanities and Sciences.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=University|first=Stanford|date=11 October 2021|title=Guido Imbens wins Nobel in economic sciences|url=https://news.stanford.edu/2021/10/11/guido-imbens-wins-nobel-economic-sciences/|access-date=12 October 2021|website=Stanford News|language=en|archive-date=12 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012020814/https://news.stanford.edu/2021/10/11/guido-imbens-wins-nobel-economic-sciences/|url-status=live}}</ref>

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[[File:Stanford_University_from_Hoover_Tower_January_2013_002.jpg|thumb|The [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]], where Imbens has taught since 2012]]

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[[File:Stanford_University_from_Hoover_Tower_January_2013_002.jpg|thumb|The [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]], where Imbens has taught since 2012|链接=Special:FilePath/Stanford_University_from_Hoover_Tower_January_2013_002.jpg]]

Imbens is a fellow of the [[Econometric Society]] (2001) and the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] (2009).<ref name=Imbens_Curriculum_Vitae/><ref>{{cite web |author= |url=https://www.econometricsociety.org/society/organization-and-governance/fellows |title=Econometric Society Fellows, October 2016 |publisher=Econometric Society |date= |accessdate=14 May 2017 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707172950/https://www.econometricsociety.org/society/organization-and-governance/fellows |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= |url=https://www.amacad.org/multimedia/pdfs/classlist2016.pdf |title=List of active members by class |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences |date=27 October 2016 |accessdate=14 May 2017 |archive-date=3 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703113831/https://www.amacad.org/multimedia/pdfs/classlist2016.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Imbens was elected a foreign member of the [[Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=https://www.knaw.nl/nl/actueel/nieuws/knaw-kiest-26-nieuwe-leden-2017 |title=KNAW kiest 26 nieuwe leden |language=Dutch |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |date=10 May 2017 |accessdate=14 May 2017 |archive-date=25 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525042257/https://knaw.nl/nl/actueel/nieuws/knaw-kiest-26-nieuwe-leden-2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/foreign-members/15411 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514074540/https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/foreign-members/15411 |title=Guido Imbens |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |date= |archive-date=14 May 2017}}</ref> He was elected as a [[Fellow of the American Statistical Association]] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amstat.org/ASA/Your-Career/Awards/ASA-Fellows-list.aspx|title=ASA Fellows list|publisher=American Statistical Association|accessdate=1 June 2020|archive-date=21 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521183138/https://www.amstat.org/ASA/Your-Career/Awards/ASA-Fellows-list.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

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= = = Imbens 曾任教于哈佛大学(1990-97,2006-12) ，蒂尔堡大学(1989-1990) ，加州大学洛杉矶分校(1997-2001) ，加州大学伯克利分校(2002-06)。他专门研究计量经济学，这是一种绘制因果推理的特殊方法。他在2019年成为 Econometrica 的编辑，并将担任这一职务直到2023年。截至2021年，他是斯坦福大学商学院(Stanford Graduate School of Business)应用计量经济学和经济学教授。他还是斯坦福大学经济政策研究所(SIEPR)的高级研究员，以及该所人文与科学学院的经济学教授。Imbens 是经济计量学会的研究员(2001年)和美国艺术与科学学院(2009年)。2017年，英本斯被选为荷兰皇家艺术与科学学院的外籍成员。2020年，他被选为美国统计协会会员。

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因本斯曾任教于哈佛大学（1990-1997，2006-2012年），蒂尔堡大学（1989-1990年），加州大学洛杉矶分校（1997-2001年），加州大学伯克利分校（2002-06年）。他主要研究计量经济学，这是一种绘制因果推理的特殊方法。他于2019年成为《Econometrica》杂志的编辑，并将担任这一职务直到2023年。截至2021年，他是斯坦福大学商学院应用计量经济学和经济学教授。他还是斯坦福大学经济政策研究所（SIEPR）的高级研究员，以及该所人文与社会科学学院的经济学教授。因本斯是经济计量学会（2001年）和美国艺术与科学学院的研究员。2017年，因本斯被选为荷兰皇家艺术与科学学院的外籍成员。2020年，他被评选为美国统计协会会员。

=== Econometrics and work on causal relationships ===

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= = = 计量经济学和因果关系研究 = = = 与经济学家同行，包括约书亚•安格里斯特(Joshua Angrist)和艾伦•克鲁格(Alan Krueger)合作，伊姆本斯致力于开发方法论和框架，帮助经济学家利用现实生活中的情况(即自然实验)来检验现实生活中的理论。特别是，通过他的研究，他帮助分析了因果关系。通过他的研究分析的一些问题陈述包括大学教育或额外的教育年限对收入的影响。他的因果关系研究框架在很多其他领域也有应用，包括社会和生医科学。他的工作为跨学科的研究人员提供了理解现实世界实验的局限性的工具，提高了他们更好地理解基于实地和实验数据的干预措施的效果的能力。这些方法有助于研究人员分析各种研究问题，包括研究新规定对经济活动和新药对患者有效性的影响。

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In one of his earliest collaborations with Angrist, Imbens introduced a model called [[Local average treatment effect|Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE)]] that helped researches to draw [[causal inference]] from observational data. Elaborating on the model in a ''[[Econometrica]]'' paper in 1994 titled "Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects", the pair employed the idea of [[natural experiment]]s, which were real world events and situations as against controlled conditions to study the effects of key changes. In doing so, the pair took advantage of the role chance and randomization that naturally occurred in the real world rather than controlled simulations, which could be expensive, time-consuming, or even unethical.<ref>{{Cite book|last=D.|first=Angrist, Joshua|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1144555780|title=Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects|oclc=1144555780}}</ref><ref name=":2"/> The paper and the model had significant impact on other research efforts across econometrics, statistics and other fields.<ref name=":2" />

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计量经济学和因果关系研究

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与经济学家同行，包括约书亚·安格里斯特和艾伦·克鲁格合作，因本斯致力于开发方法论和框架，帮助经济学家利用现实生活中的情况（即自然试验）来检验现实生活中的理论。通过他的研究，帮助经济学家分析因果关系，通过他研究分析的一些问题，包括大学教育或额外的教育年限对收入的影响，使得因果关系研究框架在很多其他领域也有了应用，包括社会学和生物医学。他的工作为跨学科的研究人员提供了理解现实世界试验局限性的工具，提高了他们更好地理解基于实地和试验数据的干预措施的效果的能力。这些方法有助于研究人员分析各种研究问题，包括研究新政策对经济活动和新药对患者有效性的影响。

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In one of his earliest collaborations with Angrist, Imbens introduced a model called [[Local average treatment effect|Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE)]] that helped researches to draw [[causal inference]] from observational data. Elaborating on the model in a ''[[Econometrica]]'' paper in 1994 titled "Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects", the pair employed the idea of [[natural experiment]]s, which were real world events and situations as against controlled conditions to study the effects of key changes. In doing so, the pair took advantage of the role chance and randomization that naturally occurred in the real world rather than controlled simulations, which could be expensive, time-consuming, or even unethical.<ref>{{Cite book|last=D.|first=Angrist, Joshua|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1144555780|title=Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects|oclc=1144555780}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> The paper and the model had significant impact on other research efforts across econometrics, statistics and other fields.<ref name=":2" />

In one of his earliest collaborations with Angrist, Imbens introduced a model called Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) that helped researches to draw causal inference from observational data. Elaborating on the model in a Econometrica paper in 1994 titled "Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects", the pair employed the idea of natural experiments, which were real world events and situations as against controlled conditions to study the effects of key changes. In doing so, the pair took advantage of the role chance and randomization that naturally occurred in the real world rather than controlled simulations, which could be expensive, time-consuming, or even unethical. The paper and the model had significant impact on other research efforts across econometrics, statistics and other fields.

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