| 第337行： |
第337行： |
| | | | |
| | ==参考文献== | | ==参考文献== |
| − | 1. ^ a b c Ben Zuckerman & David Jefferson (1996). Human Population and the Environmental Crisis. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 42. ISBN 9780867209662. Archived from the original on 2018-01-06.
| + | {{Reflist|2}} |
| | | | |
| − | 2. ^ Keesing, R.M. (1981). Cultural anthropology: A contemporary perspective (2nd ed.) p.149. Sydney: Holt, Rinehard & Winston, Inc.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 3. ^ a b c d e Bernard P. Zeigler; Herbert Praehofer; Tag Gon Kim Section (2000). "3.3.2 Feedback in continuous systems". Theory of Modeling and Simulation: Integrating Discrete Event and Continuous Complex Dynamic Systems. Academic Press. p. 55. ISBN 9780127784557. Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. “A positive feedback loop is one with an even number of negative influences [around the loop].”
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 4. ^ S W Amos; R W Amos (2002). Newnes Dictionary of Electronics (4th ed.). Newnes. p. 247. ISBN 9780750656429. Archived from the original on 2017-03-29.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 5. ^ Rudolf F. Graf (1999). Modern Dictionary of Electronics (7th ed.). Newnes. p. 276. ISBN 9780750698665. Archived from the original on 2017-03-29.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 6. ^ "Positive feedback". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 7. ^ "Feedback". Glossary. Metadesigners Network. Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 8. ^ Electronics circuits and devices second edition. Ralph J. Smith
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 9. ^ a b Lopez-Caamal, Fernando; Middleton, Richard H.; Huber, Heinrich (February 2014). "Equilibria and stability of a class of positive feedback loops". Journal of Mathematical Biology. 68 (3): 609–645. doi:10.1007/s00285-013-0644-z. PMID 23358701.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 10. ^ Donella Meadows, Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in a System Archived 2013-10-08 at the Wayback Machine, 1999
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 11. ^ a b Mindell, David A. (2002). Between Human and Machine : Feedback, Control, and Computing before Cybernetics.Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801868955. Archived from the original on 2018-01-06.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 12. ^ Friis, H. T.; Jensen, A. G. (April 1924), "High Frequency Amplifiers", Bell System Technical Journal, 3 (2): 181–205, doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1924.tb01354.x
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 13. ^ Black, H. S. (January 1934), "Stabilized feed-back amplifiers", Electrical Engineering, 53: 114–120, doi:10.1109/ee.1934.6540374
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 14. ^ US 1113149, Armstrong, E. H., "Wireless receiving system"
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 15. ^ Kitchin, Charles. "A Short Wave Regenerative Receiver Project". Archived from the original on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 16. ^ "Sinewave oscillators". EDUCYPEDIA - electronics. Archived from the original on 27 September 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 17. ^ Self, Douglas (2009). Audio Power Amplifier Design Handbook. Focal Press. pp. 254–255. ISBN 978-0-240-52162-6. Archived from the original on 2014-01-29.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 18. ^ "CMOS Schmitt Trigger—A Uniquely Versatile Design Component" (PDF). Fairchild Semiconductor Application Note 140. Fairchild Semiconductors. 1975. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 19. ^ Strandh, Robert. "Latches and flip-flops". Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 20. ^ Wayne, Storr. "Sequential Logic Basics: SR Flip-Flop". Electronics-Tutorials.ws. Archived from the original on 16 September 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 21. ^ Sharma, Bijay Kumar (2009). "Analog Electronics Lecture 4 Part C RC coupled Amplifier Design Procedure". Retrieved 29 September 2010.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 22. ^ Sheff, David (2000). All We Are Saying. New York, New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-312-25464-3.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 23. ^ Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-87930-764-6.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 24. ^ May, Brian. "Burns Brian May Tri-Sonic Pickups". House Music & Duck Productions. Archived from the original on 20 November 2010. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 25. ^ "Positive Feedback and Bistable Systems" (PDF). University of Washington. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-04-13. “* Non-Hysteretic Switches, Memoryless Switches: These systems have no memory, that is, once the input signal is removed, the system returns to its original state. * Hysteretic Switches, Bistability: Bistable systems, in contrast, have memory. That is, when switched to one state or another, these systems remain in that state unless forced to change back. The light switch is a common example of a bistable system from everyday life. All bistable systems are based around some form of positive feedback loop.”
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 26. ^ a b c d e f Guyton, Arthur C. (1991) Textbook of Medical Physiology. (8th ed). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-3994-1
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 27. ^ Hasty, J.; McMillen, D.; Collins, J. J. (2002). "Engineered gene circuits". Nature. 420 (6912): 224–230. Bibcode:2002Natur.420..224H. doi:10.1038/nature01257. PMID 12432407.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 28. ^ Veening, J.; Smits, W. K.; Kuipers, O. P. (2008). "Bistability, Epigenetics, and Bet-Hedging in Bacteria" (PDF). Annual Review of Microbiology. 62 (1): 193–210. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.163002. hdl:11370/59bec46a-4434-4eaa-aaae-03461dd02bbb. PMID 18537474.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 29. ^ Bagowski, C. P.; Ferrell, J. E. (2001). "Bistability in the JNK cascade". Current Biology. 11 (15): 1176–1182. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00330-X. PMID 11516948.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 30. ^ Lotka, A (1945). "The law of evolution as a maximal principle". Human Biology. 17: 168–194.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 31. ^ Alexander, R. (1989). Evolution of the human psyche. In P. Millar & C. Stringer (Eds.), The human revolution: Behavioral and biological perspectives on the origins of modern humans (pp. 455-513). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 32. ^ Crespi, B. J. (2004). "Vicious circles: positive feedback in major evolutionary and ecological transitions". Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 19 (12): 627–633. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.10.001. PMID 16701324.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 33. ^ Dawkins, R. 1991. The Blind Watchmaker London: Penguin. Note: W.W. Norton also published this book, and some citations may refer to that publication. However, the text is identical, so it depends on which book is at hand
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 34. ^ Markov A., Korotayev A. "Phanerozoic marine biodiversity follows a hyperbolic trend." Palaeoworld. Volume 16, Issue 4, December 2007, Pages 311-318
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 35. ^ Markov, A.; Korotayev, A. (2008). "Hyperbolic growth of marine and continental biodiversity through the Phanerozoic and community evolution". Journal of General Biology. 69 (3): 175–194. PMID 18677962. Archived from the original on 2009-12-25.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 36. ^ Osterholm, Michael T. (2005-05-05). "Preparing for the Next Pandemic". The New England Journal of Medicine. 352 (18): 1839–1842. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.608.6200. doi:10.1056/NEJMp058068. PMID 15872196.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 37. ^ Paul, William E. (September 1993). "Infectious Diseases and the Immune System". Scientific American. 269 (3): 93. Bibcode:1993SciAm.269c..90P. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0993-90. PMID 8211095.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 38. ^ Eissing, Thomas (2014). "Bistability analyses of a caspase activation model for receptor-induced apoptosis". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (35): 36892–36897. doi:10.1074/jbc.M404893200. PMID 15208304.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 39. ^ Winner, E. (1996). Gifted children: Myths and Realities. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465017607.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 40. ^ Vandervert, L. (2009a). Working memory, the cognitive functions of the cerebellum and the child prodigy. In L.V. Shavinina (Ed.), International handbook on giftedness (pp. 295-316). The Netherlands: Springer Science.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 41. ^ Vandervert, L. (2009b). "The emergence of the child prodigy 10,000 years ago: An evolutionary and developmental explanation". Journal of Mind and Behavior. 30 (1–2): 15–32.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 42. ^ Altszyler, E; Berbeglia, F.; Berbeglia, G.; Van Hentenryck, P. (2017). "Transient dynamics in trial-offer markets with social influence: Trade-offs between appeal and quality". PLOS ONE. 12 (7): e0180040. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1280040A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180040. PMC 5528888. PMID 28746334.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 43. ^ Azzopardi, Paul V. (2010), Behavioural Technical Analysis, Harriman House Limited, p. 116, ISBN 9780857190680, archived from the original on 2017-03-29
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 44. ^ Arthur, W. Brian (1990). "Positive Feedbacks in the Economy". Scientific American. 262 (2): 80. Bibcode:1990SciAm.262b..92A. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0290-92.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 45. ^ The Financial Instability Hypothesis Archived 2009-10-09 at the Wayback Machine by Hyman P. Minsky, Working Paper No. 74, May 1992, pp. 6–8
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 46. ^ "Findings Regarding the Market Events of May 6, 2010" (PDF). 2010-09-30. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 15, 2017.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 47. ^ Brown, A. Duncan (2003), Feed or Feedback: Agriculture, Population Dynamics and the State of the Planet, Utrecht: International Books, ISBN 978-90-5727-048-2
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 48. ^ Dolgonosov, B.M. (2010). "On the reasons of hyperbolic growth in the biological and human world systems". Ecological Modelling. 221 (13–14): 1702–1709. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.03.028.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 49. ^ a b Korotayev A. Compact Mathematical Models of World System Development, and How they can Help us to Clarify our Understanding of Globalization Processes Archived 2018-01-06 at the Wayback Machine. Globalization as Evolutionary Process: Modeling Global Change. Edited by George Modelski, Tessaleno Devezas, and William R. Thompson. London: Routledge, 2007. P. 133-160.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 50. ^ Korotayev, A. V., & Malkov, A. S. A Compact Mathematical Model of the World System Economic and Demographic Growth, 1 CE–1973 CE // INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND METHODS IN APPLIED SCIENCES Volume 10, 2016. P. 200-209 Archived 2018-01-06 at the Wayback Machine.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 51. ^ Berger, Sebastian. "Circular Cumulative Causation (CCC) à la Myrdal and Kapp — Political Institutionalism for Minimizing Social Costs" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 52. ^ S.-Y. Simon Wang; Jin-Ho Yoon; Christopher C. Funk; Robert R. Gillies, eds. (2017). Climate Extremes: Patterns and Mechanisms. Wiley. pp. 81–82. ISBN 9781119068037.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 53. ^ US NRC (2012), Climate Change: Evidence, Impacts, and Choices, US National Research Council (US NRC), archived from the original on 2016-05-03, p.9. Also available as PDF Archived 2013-02-20 at the Wayback Machine
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 54. ^ Understanding Climate Change Feedbacks, U.S. National Academy of Sciences Archived 2012-02-10 at the Wayback Machine
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 55. ^ "8.6.3.1 Water Vapour and Lapse Rate - AR4 WGI Chapter 8: Climate Models and their Evaluation". Archived from the original on 2010-04-09. Retrieved 2010-04-23.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 56. ^ IPCC. "Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Pg 53" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-02-09.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 57. ^ Holden, Matthew H.; McDonald-Madden, Eve (2017). "High prices for rare species can drive large populations extinct: The anthropogenic Allee effect revisited". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 429: 170–180. arXiv:1703.06736. Bibcode:2017arXiv170306736H. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.019. PMID 28669883.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 58. ^ Positive feedback occurs when one is told he has done something well or correctly. Tom Coens and Mary Jenkins, "Abolishing Performance Appraisals", p116.
| |
| | | | |
| | ==拓展阅读== | | ==拓展阅读== |