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在特殊的聚合酶被开发出来之前，对XNA的研究并不多，这种酶能够以DNA为模板复制出XNA，也能将XNA复制回DNA。<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Gonzales |first=Robbie | name-list-style = vanc |title=XNA Is Synthetic DNA That's Stronger than the Real Thing |website=[[Io9]] |date=19 April 2012 |access-date=15 October 2015 |url=http://io9.com/5903221/meet-xna-the-first-synthetic-dna-that-evolves-like-the-real-thing}}</ref>例如Pinheiro等人在2012年的一项研究已证明了一种可以在大约100bp序列长度上工作的XNA聚合酶。<ref name="Synthetic genetic polymers capable">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pinheiro VB, Taylor AI, Cozens C, Abramov M, Renders M, Zhang S, Chaput JC, Wengel J, Peak-Chew SY, McLaughlin SH, Herdewijn P, Holliger P | display-authors = 6 | title = Synthetic genetic polymers capable of heredity and evolution | journal = Science | volume = 336 | issue = 6079 | pages = 341–344 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22517858 | pmc = 3362463 | doi = 10.1126/science.1217622 | bibcode = 2012Sci...336..341P }}</ref>最近，合成生物学家菲利普·霍利格 Philipp Holliger和亚历山大·泰勒 Alexander Taylor成功地创造了XNAzymes。XNAzymes相当于核酶，由DNA或核糖核酸构成。这表明，这表明XNAs不仅存储遗传信息，还可以作为酶，这提高了其他地方的生命可能起源于RNA或DNA以外物质的可能性。<ref>{{Cite web |website=[[Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)|Medical Research Council]] |title=World's first artificial enzymes created using synthetic biology |date=1 December 2014 |url=http://www.mrc.ac.uk/news/browse/world-s-first-artificial-enzymes-created-using-synthetic-biology/}}</ref>

在特殊的聚合酶被开发出来之前，对XNA的研究并不多，这种酶能够以DNA为模板复制出XNA，也能将XNA复制回DNA。<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Gonzales |first=Robbie |title=XNA Is Synthetic DNA That's Stronger than the Real Thing |website=[[Io9]] |date=19 April 2012 |access-date=15 October 2015 |url=http://io9.com/5903221/meet-xna-the-first-synthetic-dna-that-evolves-like-the-real-thing}}</ref>例如Pinheiro等人在2012年的一项研究已证明了一种可以在大约100bp序列长度上工作的XNA聚合酶。<ref name="Synthetic genetic polymers capable">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pinheiro VB, Taylor AI, Cozens C, Abramov M, Renders M, Zhang S, Chaput JC, Wengel J, Peak-Chew SY, McLaughlin SH, Herdewijn P, Holliger P | display-authors = 6 | title = Synthetic genetic polymers capable of heredity and evolution | journal = Science | volume = 336 | issue = 6079 | pages = 341–344 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22517858 | pmc = 3362463 | doi = 10.1126/science.1217622 | bibcode = 2012Sci...336..341P }}</ref>最近，合成生物学家菲利普·霍利格 Philipp Holliger和亚历山大·泰勒 Alexander Taylor成功地创造了XNAzymes。XNAzymes相当于核酶，由DNA或核糖核酸构成。这表明，这表明XNAs不仅存储遗传信息，还可以作为酶，这提高了其他地方的生命可能起源于RNA或DNA以外物质的可能性。<ref>{{Cite web |website=[[Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)|Medical Research Council]] |title=World's first artificial enzymes created using synthetic biology |date=1 December 2014 |url=http://www.mrc.ac.uk/news/browse/world-s-first-artificial-enzymes-created-using-synthetic-biology/}}</ref>

HNA可被用作识别和结合特定序列的药物。科学家已经能够分离出HNAs，以靶向结合艾滋病毒相关的基因序列。<ref>{{Cite web |title = Polymers perform non-DNA evolution |url = http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2012/April/xna-hna-primordial-life-dna-evolution-chemistry.asp |first=Andy |last=Extance | name-list-style = vanc |date=19 April 2012 |website = [[Royal Society of Chemistry]] |access-date = 15 October 2015}}</ref>研究表明，在存在环己烯核酸的情况下，具有类似D型立体化学结构的CeNAs可以与自身和RNA形成稳定的双链体。结果表明，当CeNAs与DNA形成双链体时，CeNAs不是很稳定。<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gu P, Schepers G, Rozenski J, Van Aerschot A, Herdewijn P | title = Base pairing properties of D- and L-cyclohexene nucleic acids (CeNA) | journal = Oligonucleotides | volume = 13 | issue = 6 | pages = 479–489 | year = 2003 | pmid = 15025914 | doi = 10.1089/154545703322860799 }}</ref>

HNA可被用作识别和结合特定序列的药物。科学家已经能够分离出HNAs，以靶向结合艾滋病毒相关的基因序列。<ref>{{Cite web |title = Polymers perform non-DNA evolution |url = http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2012/April/xna-hna-primordial-life-dna-evolution-chemistry.asp |first=Andy |last=Extance |date=19 April 2012 |website = [[Royal Society of Chemistry]] |access-date = 15 October 2015}}</ref>研究表明，在存在环己烯核酸的情况下，具有类似D型立体化学结构的CeNAs可以与自身和RNA形成稳定的双链体。结果表明，当CeNAs与DNA形成双链体时，CeNAs不是很稳定。<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gu P, Schepers G, Rozenski J, Van Aerschot A, Herdewijn P | title = Base pairing properties of D- and L-cyclohexene nucleic acids (CeNA) | journal = Oligonucleotides | volume = 13 | issue = 6 | pages = 479–489 | year = 2003 | pmid = 15025914 | doi = 10.1089/154545703322860799 }}</ref>

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