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吉多·威廉姆斯·因本斯 Guido Wilhelmus Imbens (查看源代码)

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'''Guido Wilhelmus Imbens''' (born 3 September 1963) is a [[Dutch-American]] [[economist]]. In 2021 Imbens was awarded half of the [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] jointly with [[Joshua Angrist]] "for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships", with [[David Card]] awarded the other half.<ref name="nobelprize.summary">{{cite web |title = The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2021 |url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2021/summary/ |website = nobelprize.org |date = 11 October 2021 |access-date = |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211011100030/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2021/summary/ |archive-date=11 October 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Smialek | first = Jeanna | title = The Nobel in economics goes to three who find experiments in real life. | work = The New York Times | date = 11 October 2021 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/11/business/nobel-economics-prize-david-card-joshua-angrist-guido-imbens.html#:~:text=David%20Card%2C%20Joshua%20Angrist%20and,Joshua%20Angrist%20and%20Guido%20Imbens. | access-date = 11 October 2021 | archive-date = 11 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211011102005/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/11/business/nobel-economics-prize-david-card-joshua-angrist-guido-imbens.html#:~:text=David%20Card%2C%20Joshua%20Angrist%20and,Joshua%20Angrist%20and%20Guido%20Imbens. | url-status = live }}</ref> He has been Professor of Economics at the [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]] at [[Stanford University]] since 2012.<ref name="Imbens_Curriculum_Vitae" />

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Guido Wilhelmus Imbens (born 3 September 1963) is a Dutch-American economist. In 2021 Imbens was awarded half of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences jointly with Joshua Angrist "for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships", with David Card awarded the other half. He has been Professor of Economics at the Stanford Graduate School of Business at Stanford University since 2012.

Guido Wilhelmus Imbens (生于1963年9月3日)是一位荷裔美国经济学家。2021年，英本斯与约书亚 · 安格里斯特共同获得诺贝尔经济学奖一半奖金,”表彰他们在因果关系分析方面的方法学贡献”，戴维 · 卡德获得另一半奖金。自2012年以来，他一直担任斯坦福大学商学院(Stanford Graduate School of Business at Stanford University)经济学教授。

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==Early life and education==

Guido Wilhelmus Imbens was born on 3 September 1963 in [[Geldrop]], Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Haegens|first=Koen|date=11 October 2021|title=Nobelprijs voor 'stille en bescheiden man achterin de zaal' die de slimste vragen stelt|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/gs-be7105ad|access-date=11 October 2021|website=de Volkskrant|language=nl-NL}}</ref> In 1975 his family moved to [[Deurne, Netherlands|Deurne]], where he attended {{Interlanguage link|Peellandcollege|nl}}. As a child, Imbens was an avid chess player.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Linders|first=Twan|last2=Broers|first2=Daphne|date=11 October 2020|title='Bedachtzame slimmerik' zat in Deurne op school en is nu winnaar van de Nobelprijs|url=https://www.ed.nl/de-peel/bedachtzame-slimmerik-zat-in-deurne-op-school-en-is-nu-winnaar-van-de-nobelprijs~ac1b7e11/?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F|url-status=live|access-date=11 October 2021|website=[[Eindhovens Dagblad]]}}</ref> In a 2021 interview, Imbens connected his passion for econometrics to his childhood interest in the game.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2021|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2021/imbens/interview/|access-date=11 October 2021|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US}}</ref>

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Guido Wilhelmus Imbens was born on 3 September 1963 in Geldrop, Netherlands. In 1975 his family moved to Deurne, where he attended . As a child, Imbens was an avid chess player. In a 2021 interview, Imbens connected his passion for econometrics to his childhood interest in the game.

= = 早年生活与教育 = = Guido Wilhelmus Imbens 1963年9月3日出生于海尔德罗普。1975年，他全家搬到了德尔讷，他在那里上学。作为一个孩子，Imbens 是一个狂热的棋手。在2021年的一次采访中，Imbens 将他对计量经济学的热情与他童年时对这个游戏的兴趣联系起来。

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1963年9月3日，吉多·威廉姆斯·因本斯出生于荷兰的海尔德罗普。1975年，他全家搬到了德尔讷并在那里上学。小时候，因本斯是一个狂热的棋手，在2021年的一次采访中，因本斯将他对计量经济学的热情与他童年时对下棋的兴趣联系起来。

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Imbens graduated with a [[Candidate (degree)#The Netherlands and Belgium|Candidate's degree]] (equivalent to a Bachelor's degree) in Econometrics from [[Erasmus University Rotterdam]] in 1983. He subsequently obtained an [[Master of Science|MSc]] degree ''[[Latin honors|with distinction]]'' in Economics and Econometrics from the [[University of Hull]] in [[Kingston upon Hull]], UK in 1986.<ref name="Imbens_Curriculum_Vitae" />

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Imbens graduated with a Candidate's degree (equivalent to a Bachelor's degree) in Econometrics from Erasmus University Rotterdam in 1983. He subsequently obtained an MSc degree with distinction in Economics and Econometrics from the University of Hull in Kingston upon Hull, UK in 1986.

1983年，Imbens 毕业于鹿特丹大学，获得计量经济学学士学位(相当于学士学位)。随后，他于1986年在英国赫尔大学赫尔河畔金斯顿获得了经济学和计量经济学硕士学位。

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1983年，因本斯毕业于鹿特丹大学，获得计量经济学学士学位。随后，他于1986年在英国赫尔大学赫尔河畔金斯顿获得了经济学和计量经济学硕士学位。

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In 1986, one of Imbens' mentors at the University of Hull, [[Tony Lancaster|Anthony Lancaster]], moved to [[Brown University]] in [[Providence, Rhode Island]]. Imbens followed Lancaster to Brown to pursue further graduate and doctoral studies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Irel|first=Corydon|last2=Office|first2=Harvard News|date=2007-03-15|title=Bringing hard science to economics|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2007/03/bringing-hard-science-to-economics/|access-date=2021-10-13|website=Harvard Gazette|language=en-US|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814054707/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2007/03/bringing-hard-science-to-economics/|url-status=live}}</ref> Imbens received an [[Master of Arts|AM]] and a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] degree, both in Economics, from Brown in 1989 and 1991, respectively.<ref name="thesis-imbens-1991">{{cite thesis |title=Two essays in econometrics |date=1991 |institution= Brown University |degree=Ph.D. |last=Imbens |first=Guido Wilhelmus |id={{ProQuest|303881903}} |oclc=26957442}}</ref><ref name="Imbens_Curriculum_Vitae" /><ref>{{cite web | title = Guido Imbens, 1991 Brown Ph.D. recipient, is 2016 – 17 Horace Mann Medal winner | url = https://economics.brown.edu/announcements/guido-imbens-1991-brown-phd-recipient-2016-17-horace-mann-medal-winner | website = Brown University Department of Economics website | date = 22 May 2017 | access-date = 11 October 2021}}</ref>

[[File:Brown_university_robinson_hall_2009a_crop_and_straighten.jpg|thumb|The Department of Economics at [[Brown University]]|链接=Special:FilePath/Brown_university_robinson_hall_2009a_crop_and_straighten.jpg]]

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In 1986, one of Imbens' mentors at the University of Hull, Anthony Lancaster, moved to Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Imbens followed Lancaster to Brown to pursue further graduate and doctoral studies. Imbens received an AM and a PhD degree, both in Economics, from Brown in 1989 and 1991, respectively.

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[[File:Stanford_University_from_Hoover_Tower_January_2013_002.jpg|thumb|The [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]], where Imbens has taught since 2012|链接=Special:FilePath/Stanford_University_from_Hoover_Tower_January_2013_002.jpg]]

Imbens is a fellow of the [[Econometric Society]] (2001) and the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] (2009).<ref name=Imbens_Curriculum_Vitae/><ref>{{cite web |author= |url=https://www.econometricsociety.org/society/organization-and-governance/fellows |title=Econometric Society Fellows, October 2016 |publisher=Econometric Society |date= |accessdate=14 May 2017 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707172950/https://www.econometricsociety.org/society/organization-and-governance/fellows |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= |url=https://www.amacad.org/multimedia/pdfs/classlist2016.pdf |title=List of active members by class |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences |date=27 October 2016 |accessdate=14 May 2017 |archive-date=3 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703113831/https://www.amacad.org/multimedia/pdfs/classlist2016.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Imbens was elected a foreign member of the [[Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=https://www.knaw.nl/nl/actueel/nieuws/knaw-kiest-26-nieuwe-leden-2017 |title=KNAW kiest 26 nieuwe leden |language=Dutch |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |date=10 May 2017 |accessdate=14 May 2017 |archive-date=25 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525042257/https://knaw.nl/nl/actueel/nieuws/knaw-kiest-26-nieuwe-leden-2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/foreign-members/15411 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514074540/https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/foreign-members/15411 |title=Guido Imbens |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |date= |archive-date=14 May 2017}}</ref> He was elected as a [[Fellow of the American Statistical Association]] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amstat.org/ASA/Your-Career/Awards/ASA-Fellows-list.aspx|title=ASA Fellows list|publisher=American Statistical Association|accessdate=1 June 2020|archive-date=21 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521183138/https://www.amstat.org/ASA/Your-Career/Awards/ASA-Fellows-list.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

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Imbens has taught at Harvard University (1990–97, 2006–12), Tilburg University (1989-1990), the University of California, Los Angeles (1997–2001), and the University of California, Berkeley (2002–06). He specializes in econometrics, which are particular methods for drawing causal inference. He became the editor of Econometrica in 2019 and will serve in that capacity until 2023. As of 2021, he is a professor of applied econometrics and economics at Stanford Graduate School of Business. He is also a senior fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) and a professor of economics at the institute's School of Humanities and Sciences.

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Imbens is a fellow of the Econometric Society (2001) and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2009). Imbens was elected a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2017. He was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2020.

= = = Imbens 曾任教于哈佛大学(1990-97,2006-12) ，蒂尔堡大学(1989-1990) ，加州大学洛杉矶分校(1997-2001) ，加州大学伯克利分校(2002-06)。他专门研究计量经济学，这是一种绘制因果推理的特殊方法。他在2019年成为 Econometrica 的编辑，并将担任这一职务直到2023年。截至2021年，他是斯坦福大学商学院(Stanford Graduate School of Business)应用计量经济学和经济学教授。他还是斯坦福大学经济政策研究所(SIEPR)的高级研究员，以及该所人文与科学学院的经济学教授。Imbens 是经济计量学会的研究员(2001年)和美国艺术与科学学院(2009年)。2017年，英本斯被选为荷兰皇家艺术与科学学院的外籍成员。2020年，他被选为美国统计协会会员。

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=== Econometrics and work on causal relationships ===

Working with fellow economists including [[Joshua Angrist]] and [[Alan Krueger]], Imbens focused on developing methodologies and frameworks that help economists use real-life situations, known as [[natural experiment]]s, to test real life theories. Specifically, through his study he helped analyze [[causal relationships]]. Some of the problem statements analyzed through his study included the impact of college education or additional years of education on earnings.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smialek|first=Jeanna|date=11 October 2021|title=The Nobel in economics goes to three who find experiments in real life.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/11/business/nobel-economics-prize-david-card-joshua-angrist-guido-imbens.html|access-date=12 October 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=11 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011230730/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/11/business/nobel-economics-prize-david-card-joshua-angrist-guido-imbens.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His frameworks for causal relationships study found use in multiple other fields including social and biomedical sciences.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Imbens|first=Guido W.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/causal-inference-for-statistics-social-and-biomedical-sciences/71126BE90C58F1A431FE9B2DD07938AB|title=Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences: An Introduction|last2=Rubin|first2=Donald B.|date=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-88588-1|location=Cambridge|access-date=12 October 2021|archive-date=11 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011235900/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/causal-inference-for-statistics-social-and-biomedical-sciences/71126BE90C58F1A431FE9B2DD07938AB|url-status=live}}</ref> His work has provided researchers across disciplines with tools to understand the limitation of real-world experiments improving their ability to better understand the effects of field and experimental data based interventions. The methodologies have been useful for researchers to analyze research problems as diverse as studying the impact of new regulations on economic activity and on new drug effectiveness on patients.<ref name=":2"/>

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Working with fellow economists including Joshua Angrist and Alan Krueger, Imbens focused on developing methodologies and frameworks that help economists use real-life situations, known as natural experiments, to test real life theories. Specifically, through his study he helped analyze causal relationships. Some of the problem statements analyzed through his study included the impact of college education or additional years of education on earnings. His frameworks for causal relationships study found use in multiple other fields including social and biomedical sciences. His work has provided researchers across disciplines with tools to understand the limitation of real-world experiments improving their ability to better understand the effects of field and experimental data based interventions. The methodologies have been useful for researchers to analyze research problems as diverse as studying the impact of new regulations on economic activity and on new drug effectiveness on patients.

= = = 计量经济学和因果关系研究 = = = 与经济学家同行，包括约书亚•安格里斯特(Joshua Angrist)和艾伦•克鲁格(Alan Krueger)合作，伊姆本斯致力于开发方法论和框架，帮助经济学家利用现实生活中的情况(即自然实验)来检验现实生活中的理论。特别是，通过他的研究，他帮助分析了因果关系。通过他的研究分析的一些问题陈述包括大学教育或额外的教育年限对收入的影响。他的因果关系研究框架在很多其他领域也有应用，包括社会和生医科学。他的工作为跨学科的研究人员提供了理解现实世界实验的局限性的工具，提高了他们更好地理解基于实地和实验数据的干预措施的效果的能力。这些方法有助于研究人员分析各种研究问题，包括研究新规定对经济活动和新药对患者有效性的影响。

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与经济学家同行，包括约书亚·安格里斯特和艾伦·克鲁格合作，因本斯致力于开发方法论和框架，帮助经济学家利用现实生活中的情况（即自然试验）来检验现实生活中的理论。通过他的研究，帮助经济学家分析因果关系，通过他研究分析的一些问题，包括大学教育或额外的教育年限对收入的影响，使得因果关系研究框架在很多其他领域也有了应用，包括社会学和生物医学。他的工作为跨学科的研究人员提供了理解现实世界工具，提高了他们更好地理解基于实地和试验数据的干预措施的效果的能力。这些方法有助于研究人员分析各种研究问题，包括研究新政策对经济活动和新药对患者有效性的影响等。

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In one of his earliest collaborations with Angrist, Imbens introduced a model called [[Local average treatment effect|Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE)]] that helped researches to draw [[causal inference]] from observational data. Elaborating on the model in a ''[[Econometrica]]'' paper in 1994 titled "Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects", the pair employed the idea of [[natural experiment]]s, which were real world events and situations as against controlled conditions to study the effects of key changes. In doing so, the pair took advantage of the role chance and randomization that naturally occurred in the real world rather than controlled simulations, which could be expensive, time-consuming, or even unethical.<ref>{{Cite book|last=D.|first=Angrist, Joshua|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1144555780|title=Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects|oclc=1144555780}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> The paper and the model had significant impact on other research efforts across econometrics, statistics and other fields.<ref name=":2" />

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In one of his earliest collaborations with Angrist, Imbens introduced a model called Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) that helped researches to draw causal inference from observational data. Elaborating on the model in a Econometrica paper in 1994 titled "Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects", the pair employed the idea of natural experiments, which were real world events and situations as against controlled conditions to study the effects of key changes. In doing so, the pair took advantage of the role chance and randomization that naturally occurred in the real world rather than controlled simulations, which could be expensive, time-consuming, or even unethical. The paper and the model had significant impact on other research efforts across econometrics, statistics and other fields.

在他与安格里斯特最早的一次合作中，伊姆本斯引入了一个叫做局部平均处理效应(LATE)的模型，这个模型帮助研究者从观测数据中得出因果推断。他们在1994年发表的一篇名为《地方平均待遇效应的识别和估计》的文章中详细阐述了这个模型，他们采用了自然实验的思想，即将真实世界中的事件和情况作为受控条件来研究关键变化的效应。在这样做的过程中，两人利用了现实世界中自然发生的角色偶然性和随机性，而不是受控模拟，这可能是昂贵的，耗时的，甚至是不道德的。论文和模型对计量经济学、统计学和其他领域的其他研究工作产生了重大影响。

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In one of the real-world applications of the model that would have implications for policymakers, Imbens partnered with statistician [[Donald Rubin]] and economist [[Bruce Sacerdote]] to study the impact of unearned earnings on labor supply. The group studied the implications of policy interventions such as [[Universal basic income|Universal Basic Income]] or other federal and state wage assistance programs on citizens' willingness to participate in the labor force and the eventual impact on labor supply.<ref name=":3" />

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In one of the real-world applications of the model that would have implications for policymakers, Imbens partnered with statistician Donald Rubin and economist Bruce Sacerdote to study the impact of unearned earnings on labor supply. The group studied the implications of policy interventions such as Universal Basic Income or other federal and state wage assistance programs on citizens' willingness to participate in the labor force and the eventual impact on labor supply.

因本斯与统计学家唐纳德•鲁宾(Donald Rubin)和经济学家布鲁斯•萨塞尔多特(Bruce Sacerdote)合作，研究了非劳动收入对劳动力供应的影响--这是该模型在现实世界中的应用之一，可能会对政策制定者产生影响。该小组研究了政策干预的影响，如全民基本收入或其他联邦和州工资援助计划对公民参与劳动力的意愿和最终对劳动力供应的影响。

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To devise a natural experiment, the group studied the winners of the [[Massachusetts Lottery|Massachusetts state lottery]] where the winners were paid incrementally over many years as opposed to a lump-sum payment. In doing so, the group was able to study the causal effects of guaranteed income. They found that winning the lottery had only a small impact on how much people worked. Winners of $80,000 a year for 20 years reduced their working hours somewhat, but winners of $15,000 a year for 20 years did not. Among unemployed persons who played the lottery, winners worked more than non-winners in the six years after playing.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Imbens|first=Guido W.|last2=Rubin|first2=Donald B.|last3=Sacerdote|first3=Bruce I.|date=1 September 2001|title=Estimating the Effect of Unearned Income on Labor Earnings, Savings, and Consumption: Evidence from a Survey of Lottery Players|url=https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.91.4.778|journal=American Economic Review|language=en|volume=91|issue=4|pages=778–794|doi=10.1257/aer.91.4.778|issn=0002-8282|access-date=14 October 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504115141/https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257%2Faer.91.4.778|url-status=live}}</ref>

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To devise a natural experiment, the group studied the winners of the Massachusetts state lottery where the winners were paid incrementally over many years as opposed to a lump-sum payment. In doing so, the group was able to study the causal effects of guaranteed income. They found that winning the lottery had only a small impact on how much people worked. Winners of $80,000 a year for 20 years reduced their working hours somewhat, but winners of $15,000 a year for 20 years did not. Among unemployed persons who played the lottery, winners worked more than non-winners in the six years after playing.

为了设计一个自然的实验，研究小组研究了马萨诸塞州的彩票中奖者，这些中奖者多年来获得递增的奖金，而不是一次性的奖金。在这样做的过程中，研究小组能够研究保证收入的因果效应。他们发现中奖对人们工作量的影响很小。连续20年每年获得8万美元奖金的获奖者多少减少了工作时间，但连续20年每年获得1.5万美元奖金的获奖者却没有减少工作时间。在玩彩票的失业人员中，中奖者在玩彩票后的六年中工作的人数超过非中奖者。

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'''Some of Imbens' work was summarized in a book co-written with American statistician [[Donald Rubin|Donald B. Rubin]], ''Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences.<ref name=":1" />'''''

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~~'''Some of Imbens' work was summarized in a book co-written with American statistician Donald B. Rubin, Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences.'''~~

'''的一些工作被总结在一本书中，这本书是与美国统计学家 Donald b. Rubin 合著的，书名是《统计、社会和生医科学的因果推断》。'''

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More recently, he (along with Prof. Susan Athey) has been working on using machine learning methods, particularly modifications to random forests called causal forests<ref>{{cite web |title=Causal Tree R package; Authors -- Susan Athey, Guido Imbens, Yangyang Kong & Vikas Ramachandra |url=https://github.com/susanathey/causalTree/blob/master/doc/briefintro.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Recursive partitioning for heterogeneous causal effects; Authors -- Susan Athey and Guido Imbens |url=https://www.pnas.org/content/113/27/7353.short |access-date=13 October 2021 |archive-date=29 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729101951/https://www.pnas.org/content/113/27/7353.short |url-status=live }}</ref> to estimate heterogeneous treatment effects in causal inference models.

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More recently, he (along with Prof. Susan Athey) has been working on using machine learning methods, particularly modifications to random forests called causal forests to estimate heterogeneous treatment effects in causal inference models.

最近，他(与 Susan Athey 教授)一直在研究使用机器学习方法，特别是对称为因果森林的随机森林进行修改，以估计因果推理模型中的异质处理效应。

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Imbens received the 2021 [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] along with fellow economists [[David Card]] and Joshua Angrist for their contributions toward methodologies for the analysis of [[causal relation]]ships.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2021|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2021/summary/|access-date=11 October 2021|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|archive-date=11 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011105334/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2021/summary/|url-status=live}}</ref> In its press release announcing the winners, the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] stated "[t]his year’s Laureates – David Card, Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens have provided us with new insights about the labour market and shown what conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn from natural experiments. Their approach has spread to other fields and revolutionised [[empirical research]]."<ref>{{cite press release |author= |date=11 October 2021 |title=The Prize in Economic Sciences 2021 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/10/press-economicsciencesprize2021.pdf |publisher=Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |access-date=11 October 2021 |archive-date=11 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011105720/https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/10/press-economicsciencesprize2021.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

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Imbens received the 2021 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences along with fellow economists David Card and Joshua Angrist for their contributions toward methodologies for the analysis of causal relationships. In its press release announcing the winners, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences stated "[t]his year’s Laureates – David Card, Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens have provided us with new insights about the labour market and shown what conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn from natural experiments. Their approach has spread to other fields and revolutionised empirical research."

2021年诺贝尔经济学奖由于其在因果关系分析方法论上的贡献，获得了2021年诺贝尔经济学奖。瑞典皇家科学院在宣布获奖者的新闻稿中表示:”他所在年度的获奖者——戴维 · 卡德、约书亚 · 安格里斯特和吉多 · 英本斯为我们提供了关于劳动力市场的新见解，并表明了从自然实验中可以得出什么样的因果关系结论。他们的方法已经传播到其他领域，并彻底改变了实证研究。”

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== Personal life ==

Imbens has been married to economist [[Susan Athey]] since 2002.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Simison|first1=Bob|date=June 2019|title=Economist as Engineer|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2019/06/profile-stanford-economist-susan-athey-people.htm|journal=[[Finance & Development]]|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|volume=56|issue=2|access-date=23 December 2020|archive-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730031658/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2019/06/profile-stanford-economist-susan-athey-people.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Athey is a fellow economist who likewise teaches at the Stanford Graduate School of Business. The best man at Imbens and Athey's wedding was [[Joshua Angrist]], with whom Imbens would share the Nobel prize 19 years later.<ref>{{cite web|last1=De Witte|first1=Melissa|last2=Than|first2=Ker|date=11 October 2021|title=Guido Imbens wins Nobel in economic sciences|url=https://news.stanford.edu/2021/10/11/guido-imbens-wins-nobel-economic-sciences/|access-date=11 October 2021|work=Stanford University|language=en|quote=Angrist served as the best man at Imbens’ wedding to Susan Athey, who is also an economist at Stanford.|archive-date=11 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011152039/https://news.stanford.edu/2021/10/11/guido-imbens-wins-nobel-economic-sciences/|url-status=live}}</ref>

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Imbens has been married to economist Susan Athey since 2002. Athey is a fellow economist who likewise teaches at the Stanford Graduate School of Business. The best man at Imbens and Athey's wedding was Joshua Angrist, with whom Imbens would share the Nobel prize 19 years later.

自2002年起，伊本斯与经济学家苏珊 · 阿西结婚。他是一位同样在斯坦福大学商学院教书的经济学家。在 Imbens 和阿西的婚礼上，伴郎是约书亚•安格里斯特(Joshua Angrist) ，19年后，英本斯与他分享了诺贝尔奖。

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2002年，因本斯与经济学家苏珊·埃塞结婚。她是一位同样在斯坦福大学商学院教书的经济学家。在Imbens 和埃塞的婚礼上，伴郎是约书亚·安格瑞斯特(Joshua Angrist) ，19年后，因本斯与他分享了诺贝尔奖。

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He holds [[Multiple citizenship|dual citizenship]] in the United States and Netherlands.<ref name="Imbens_Curriculum_Vitae" />

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~~He holds dual citizenship in the United States and Netherlands.~~

他拥有美国公民和荷兰的双重身份。

Wits

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