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6.1
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'''6.1 剖析辛普森悖论  Simpson's Paradox: An Anatomy 174'''
 
'''6.1 剖析辛普森悖论  Simpson's Paradox: An Anatomy 174'''
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6.1.1 一个有关悖论的示例 A Tale of a Non-Paradox 174
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6.1.1 一个有关非悖论的示例 A Tale of a Non-Paradox 174
    
6.1.2 统计学中苦恼的事情  A Tale of Statistical Agony 175
 
6.1.2 统计学中苦恼的事情  A Tale of Statistical Agony 175
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6.1.3 因果关系和可交换性 Causality versus Exchangeability 177
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6.1.3 因果性和可交换性 Causality versus Exchangeability 177
    
6.1.4 被解决的悖论(或者说人是什么类型的机器)  A Paradox Resolved (Or: What Kind of Machine Is Man?) 180
 
6.1.4 被解决的悖论(或者说人是什么类型的机器)  A Paradox Resolved (Or: What Kind of Machine Is Man?) 180
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* 确信准则及其证明
    
'''6.2 为什么没有关于混杂的统计检验,为什么认为应该有,为什么他们基本正确  Why There Is No Statistical Test for Confounding, Why Many Think There Is, and Why They Are Almost Right 182'''
 
'''6.2 为什么没有关于混杂的统计检验,为什么认为应该有,为什么他们基本正确  Why There Is No Statistical Test for Confounding, Why Many Think There Is, and Why They Are Almost Right 182'''
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