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上面的简单数学模型可以自然地扩展到描述多个群体、皮质层、尖峰频率适应、神经调节、慢离子电流以及更复杂的突触和树突处理形式，如下面的综述文章中所述。

上面的简单数学模型可以自然地扩展到描述多个群体、皮质层、尖峰频率适应、神经调节、慢离子电流以及更复杂的突触和树突处理形式，如下面的综述文章中所述。

==Dynamic behaviour==

==动力学行为==

The sorts of dynamic behaviour that are typically observed in neural field models include spatially and temporally periodic patterns beyond a Turing instability (Ermentrout 1979; Tass 1995), localised regions of activity such as bumps (Kishimoto 1979) and [[Traveling_Wave|travelling wave]]s (Ermentrout 1993; Pinto & Ermentrout 2001).  In the latter case corresponding phenomena may be observed experimentally using [[Multielectrode Array|multi-electrode]] recordings and [[Neuroimaging|imaging methods]].  In particular it is possible to electrically stimulate slices of pharmacologically treated tissue taken from  the [[Neocortex|cortex]] (Chervin <i>et al</i>. 1988; Golomb & Amitai 1997,Wu <i>et al</i> 1999}, [[Hippocampus|hippocampus]] (Miles <i>et al</i>. 1995) and [[Thalamus|thalamus]] (Kim <i>et al</i>. 1995). In brain slices these waves can take the form of synchronous discharge seen during an [[Epilepsy|epileptic]] seizure (Connors & Amitai 1993) and spreading excitation associated with sensory processing (Ermentrout & Kleinfeld 2001).  Interestingly, spatially localised bumps of activity have been linked to working memory (the temporary storage of information within the brain) in prefrontal cortex (Colby <i>et al</i>. 1995, Goldman-Rakic 1995), representations in the head-direction system (Zhang 1996), and feature selectivity in the visual cortex, where bump formation is related to the <i>tuning</i> of a particular neuron's response (Ben-Yishai <i>et al</i>. 1995).

在神经场模型中通常观察到的动态行为类型包括超出图灵不稳定性的空间和时间周期性模式 (Ermentrout 1979; Tass 1995)、局部活动区域，例如颠簸 (Kishimoto 1979) 和行波 (Ermentrout 1993; Pinto & Ermentrout 2001)。在后一种情况下，可以使用多电极记录和成像方法通过实验观察到相应的现象。特别是可以电刺激取自皮层的经过药物处理的组织切片 (Chervin et al. 1988; Golomb & Amitai 1997, Wu et al. 1999}、海马体 (Miles et al. 1995) 和丘脑 (Kim et al. 1995)。 1995). 在脑切片中，这些波可以采取癫痫发作期间的同步放电形式 (Connors & Amitai 1993) 和与感觉处理相关的传播兴奋 (Ermentrout & Kleinfeld 2001)。前额叶皮层的工作记忆（大脑中的信息的临时存储）（Colby et al. 1995, Goldman-Rakic 1995），头部方向系统的表征（Zhang 1996），以及视觉皮层的特征选择性，其中肿块的形成与特定神经元反应的调节有关（Ben-Yishai et al. 1995）。

===Pattern formation===

===模式形成===

[[Image:hexagon.jpg|thumb|right|200px|An activity profile of a hexagonal pattern emerging beyond a Turing instability in a two-dimensional neural field model with short-range excitation and long-range inhibition.]]

[[Image:hexagon.jpg|thumb|right|200px|An activity profile of a hexagonal pattern emerging beyond a Turing instability in a two-dimensional neural field model with short-range excitation and long-range inhibition.]]