| 神经活动重现(或称为回放)指的是在之后的休息或睡眠期间重新激活先前编码的神经活动。回放通常有更快的时间尺度。这是一种大脑巩固新学习信息、加强神经连接、从过去的经历中提取有意义的模式或关联的过程。神经活动重现会在大鼠、小鼠、猫<ref>Buhry, L., Azizi, A. H., & Cheng, S. (2011). Reactivation, replay, and preplay: how it might all fit together. Neural plasticity, 2011, 203462. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/203462</ref>、兔子<ref>Nokia, M. S., Penttonen, M., & Wikgren, J. (2010). Hippocampal ripple-contingent training accelerates trace eyeblink conditioning and retards extinction in rabbits. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 30(34), 11486–11492. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2165-10.2010</ref>、鸣禽<ref>Dave, A. S., & Margoliash, D. (2000). Song replay during sleep and computational rules for sensorimotor vocal learning. Science (New York, N.Y.), 290(5492), 812–816. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5492.812</ref>和猴子身上观察到。人类神经活动重现与动物神经活动重现类似,都是神经信号在时间上的序列重现。 | | 神经活动重现(或称为回放)指的是在之后的休息或睡眠期间重新激活先前编码的神经活动。回放通常有更快的时间尺度。这是一种大脑巩固新学习信息、加强神经连接、从过去的经历中提取有意义的模式或关联的过程。神经活动重现会在大鼠、小鼠、猫<ref>Buhry, L., Azizi, A. H., & Cheng, S. (2011). Reactivation, replay, and preplay: how it might all fit together. Neural plasticity, 2011, 203462. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/203462</ref>、兔子<ref>Nokia, M. S., Penttonen, M., & Wikgren, J. (2010). Hippocampal ripple-contingent training accelerates trace eyeblink conditioning and retards extinction in rabbits. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 30(34), 11486–11492. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2165-10.2010</ref>、鸣禽<ref>Dave, A. S., & Margoliash, D. (2000). Song replay during sleep and computational rules for sensorimotor vocal learning. Science (New York, N.Y.), 290(5492), 812–816. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5492.812</ref>和猴子身上观察到。人类神经活动重现与动物神经活动重现类似,都是神经信号在时间上的序列重现。 |
| 一些研究认为,回放可能不仅发生在海马中。回放还在其他大脑区域中被观察到,如皮质,可能有助于非空间记忆的巩固,例如与语言、运动技能和决策有关的记忆。回放与默认网络的皮层区域中的一致性活动有关<ref>Higgins, C., Liu, Y., Vidaurre, D., Kurth-Nelson, Z., Dolan, R., Behrens, T., & Woolrich, M. (2021). Replay bursts in humans coincide with activation of the default mode and parietal alpha networks. Neuron, 109(5), 882–893.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.12.007</ref>。在学习之后,丘脑和皮层会发生相似的神经活动重现<ref>Ribeiro, S., Gervasoni, D., Soares, E. S., Zhou, Y., Lin, S. C., Pantoja, J., Lavine, M., & Nicolelis, M. A. (2004). Long-lasting novelty-induced neuronal reverberation during slow-wave sleep in multiple forebrain areas. PLoS biology, 2(1), E24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020024</ref>。海马和皮层的同时再激活可能表明,记忆巩固需要皮层的输入/输出来维持记忆。这个假设很好地契合了大脑皮层在记忆检索中扮演重要角色的想法<ref>Ji, D., & Wilson, M. A. (2007). Coordinated memory replay in the visual cortex and hippocampus during sleep. Nature neuroscience, 10(1), 100–107. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1825</ref>。因此,海马回放可能扮演着在海马和皮层之间进行信息传递的角色,但这个想法需要进一步验证。 | | 一些研究认为,回放可能不仅发生在海马中。回放还在其他大脑区域中被观察到,如皮质,可能有助于非空间记忆的巩固,例如与语言、运动技能和决策有关的记忆。回放与默认网络的皮层区域中的一致性活动有关<ref>Higgins, C., Liu, Y., Vidaurre, D., Kurth-Nelson, Z., Dolan, R., Behrens, T., & Woolrich, M. (2021). Replay bursts in humans coincide with activation of the default mode and parietal alpha networks. Neuron, 109(5), 882–893.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.12.007</ref>。在学习之后,丘脑和皮层会发生相似的神经活动重现<ref>Ribeiro, S., Gervasoni, D., Soares, E. S., Zhou, Y., Lin, S. C., Pantoja, J., Lavine, M., & Nicolelis, M. A. (2004). Long-lasting novelty-induced neuronal reverberation during slow-wave sleep in multiple forebrain areas. PLoS biology, 2(1), E24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020024</ref>。海马和皮层的同时再激活可能表明,记忆巩固需要皮层的输入/输出来维持记忆。这个假设很好地契合了大脑皮层在记忆检索中扮演重要角色的想法<ref>Ji, D., & Wilson, M. A. (2007). Coordinated memory replay in the visual cortex and hippocampus during sleep. Nature neuroscience, 10(1), 100–107. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1825</ref>。因此,海马回放可能扮演着在海马和皮层之间进行信息传递的角色,但这个想法需要进一步验证。 |