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→基于信息分解的因果涌现识别
<math>\Un(V_t;X_{t+1}|X_t) >= I\left(V_t ; V_{t+1}\right)-\sum_j I\left(X_t^j ; V_{t+1}\right) + Red(V_t, V_{t+1};X_t) </math>
<math>Un(V_t;X_{t+1}|X_t) ≥ I\left(V_t ; V_{t+1}\right)-\sum_j I\left(X_t^j ; V_{t+1}\right) + Red(V_t, V_{t+1};X_t) </math>