*迭代函数系统(IFS) -使用固定的几何替换原则;可以是随机的或确定性的;<ref name="IFS">{{cite book |editor=Pickover, Clifford A. |title=Chaos and fractals: a computer graphical journey : ten year compilation of advanced research |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A51ARsapVuUC |accessdate=February 4, 2012 |date=August 3, 1998 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-444-50002-1 |last=Frame |first=Angus |chapter=Iterated Function Systems |pages=349–351 }}</ref> 例如,科赫雪花,康托集,'''哈弗曼地毯 Haferman Carpet''',<ref>{{cite web |title=Haferman Carpet |url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Haferman+carpet |accessdate=October 18, 2012 |publisher=WolframAlpha }}</ref>,'''谢尔宾斯基地毯 Sierpinski Carpet''','''谢尔宾斯基垫片 Sierpinski Gasket''','''皮亚诺曲线 Peano Curve''','''哈特海威龙曲线 Harter-Heighway Dragon Curve''','''T-方形 T-Square''','''门格海绵 Menger Sponge'''。 | *迭代函数系统(IFS) -使用固定的几何替换原则;可以是随机的或确定性的;<ref name="IFS">{{cite book |editor=Pickover, Clifford A. |title=Chaos and fractals: a computer graphical journey : ten year compilation of advanced research |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A51ARsapVuUC |accessdate=February 4, 2012 |date=August 3, 1998 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-444-50002-1 |last=Frame |first=Angus |chapter=Iterated Function Systems |pages=349–351 }}</ref> 例如,科赫雪花,康托集,'''哈弗曼地毯 Haferman Carpet''',<ref>{{cite web |title=Haferman Carpet |url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Haferman+carpet |accessdate=October 18, 2012 |publisher=WolframAlpha }}</ref>,'''谢尔宾斯基地毯 Sierpinski Carpet''','''谢尔宾斯基垫片 Sierpinski Gasket''','''皮亚诺曲线 Peano Curve''','''哈特海威龙曲线 Harter-Heighway Dragon Curve''','''T-方形 T-Square''','''门格海绵 Menger Sponge'''。 |