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===== Effective Information =====

===== Effective Information =====

[[Tononi]] et al. first introduced [[Effective Information]] (<math> EI </math>) in their study on [[integrated information theory]] <ref>Tononi G, Sporns O. Measuring information integration[J]. BMC neuroscience, 2003, 41-20.</ref>. In causal emergence research, [[Erik Hoel]] and colleagues use this [[causal effect measure]] index to quantify the causal strength of a [[causal mechanism]].

[[Tononi]] et al. first introduced [[Effective Information]] (<math> EI </math>) in their study on [[integrated information theory]] <ref>Tononi G, Sporns O. Measuring information integration[J]. BMC neuroscience, 2003, 41-20.</ref>. In causal emergence research, [[Erik Hoel]] and colleagues use this [[measures of causal effects]] index to quantify the causal strength of a [[causal mechanism]].

where <math>N</math> represents the number of states.

where <math>N</math> represents the number of states.

=====Causal Emergence Measurement=====

=====Causal Emergence Measurement=====