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Specifically, <math> EI </math> is calculated by [[intervening]] on the independent variable and measuing the [[mutual information]] between the cause and effect variables. This mutual information represents [[Effective Information]], quantifying the causal effect of thel mechanism.  

Specifically, <math> EI </math> is calculated by [[intervening]] on the independent variable and measuing the [[mutual information]] between the cause and effect variables. This mutual information represents [[Effective Information]], quantifying the causal effect of the mechanism.