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=== 基于最短路的方法 ===
 
=== 基于最短路的方法 ===
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采用最短路的长度定义节点间距是网络粗粒化方法之一,该方法借助分形几何中的盒覆盖思想(box-covering)<ref name="Mandelbrot_Fractal_Geometry">{{cite journal|author1=Mandelbrot B. B.|title=The Fractal Geometry of Nature Vol. 2|journal=Freeman|year=1982|url=}}</ref><ref name="Samsel_fractal_communities">{{cite journal|author1=Samsel M|author2=Makulski K|author3=Łepek M|author4=Fronczak A|author5=Fronczak P.|title=Towards fractal origins of the community structure in complex networks: a model-based approach|journal=Preprint at arXiv|year=2023|url=}}</ref>实现迭代重整化群变换。该方法以最短路距离为度规(注:数学上通常称为度量),将指定距离内的节点聚合成粗粒化节点形成更粗的空间分辨率,从而生成重整化群序列<ref name="Song_Self_similarity">{{cite journal|author1=Song C|author2=Havlin S|author3=Makse H. A.|title=Self-similarity of complex networks|journal=Nature|year=2005|volume=433|url=}}</ref>。此方法能够揭示网络的自相似性与分形特征[14,19–21],并能给出新生长机制<ref name="Song_Origins_fractality">{{cite journal|author1=Song C|author2=Havlin S|author3=Makse H. A.|title=Origins of fractality in the growth of complex networks|journal=Nat. Phys.|year=2006|volume=2|url=}}</ref>和网络普适类分类<ref name="Radicchi_Complex_networks_renormalization">{{cite journal|author1=Radicchi F|author2=Ramasco J|author3=Barrat A|author4=Fortunato S.|title=Complex networks renormalization: flows and fixed points|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett.|year=2008|volume=101|url=}}</ref><ref name="Rozenfeld_Small_world_fractal">{{cite journal|author1=Rozenfeld H. D.|author2=Song C|author3=Makse H. A.|title=Small-world to fractal transition in complex networks: a renormalization group approach|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett.|year=2010|volume=104|url=}}</ref>。然而受限于小世界特性,以最短路为距离准则的重整化群变换难以有效解耦和揭示标度行为。因此,这类变换下度分布的自相似性并不伴随关联函数的标度律而出现,特别是在网络集聚方面,这个特征表现得更加明显。
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采用最短路的长度定义节点间距是网络粗粒化方法之一,该方法借助分形几何中的盒覆盖思想(box-covering)<ref name="Mandelbrot_Fractal_Geometry">{{cite journal|author1=Mandelbrot B. B.|title=The Fractal Geometry of Nature Vol. 2|journal=Freeman|year=1982|url=}}</ref><ref name="Samsel_fractal_communities">{{cite journal|author1=Samsel M|author2=Makulski K|author3=Łepek M|author4=Fronczak A|author5=Fronczak P.|title=Towards fractal origins of the community structure in complex networks: a model-based approach|journal=Preprint at arXiv|year=2023|url=}}</ref>实现迭代重整化群变换。该方法以最短路距离为度规(注:数学上通常称为度量),将指定距离内的节点聚合成粗粒化节点形成更粗的空间分辨率,从而生成重整化群序列<ref name="Song_Self_similarity">{{cite journal|author1=Song C|author2=Havlin S|author3=Makse H. A.|title=Self-similarity of complex networks|journal=Nature|year=2005|volume=433|url=}}</ref>。此方法能够揭示网络的自相似性与分形特征<ref name="Song_Self_similarity">{{cite journal|author1=Song C|author2=Havlin S|author3=Makse H. A.|title=Self-similarity of complex networks|journal=Nature|year=2005|volume=433|url=}}</ref><ref name="Goh_Skeleton_fractal">{{cite journal|author1=Goh K.-I|author2=Salvi G|author3=Kahng B|author4=Kim D.|title=Skeleton and fractal scaling in complex networks|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett.|year=2006|volume=96|url=}}</ref><ref name="Kim_Fractality_self_similarity">{{cite journal|author1=Kim J. S|author2=Goh K.-I|author3=Kahng B|author4=Kim D.|title=Fractality and self-similarity in scale-free networks|journal=New J. Phys.|year=2007|volume=9|url=}}</ref><ref name="Fronczak_Scaling_theory">{{cite journal|author1=Fronczak A.|title=Scaling theory of fractal complex networks|journal=Sci. Rep.|year=2024|url=}}</ref>,并能给出新生长机制<ref name="Song_Origins_fractality">{{cite journal|author1=Song C|author2=Havlin S|author3=Makse H. A.|title=Origins of fractality in the growth of complex networks|journal=Nat. Phys.|year=2006|volume=2|url=}}</ref>和网络普适类分类<ref name="Radicchi_Complex_networks_renormalization">{{cite journal|author1=Radicchi F|author2=Ramasco J|author3=Barrat A|author4=Fortunato S.|title=Complex networks renormalization: flows and fixed points|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett.|year=2008|volume=101|url=}}</ref><ref name="Rozenfeld_Small_world_fractal">{{cite journal|author1=Rozenfeld H. D.|author2=Song C|author3=Makse H. A.|title=Small-world to fractal transition in complex networks: a renormalization group approach|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett.|year=2010|volume=104|url=}}</ref>。然而受限于小世界特性,以最短路为距离准则的重整化群变换难以有效解耦和揭示标度行为。因此,这类变换下度分布的自相似性并不伴随关联函数的标度律而出现,特别是在网络集聚方面,这个特征表现得更加明显。
    
另一方面,研究者提出,可以在具有短程连接性质的规则格点网络中添加长程连接,进而实现实空间重整化群变换。这类变换已用于研究若干问题,包括Watts-Strogatz模型在临界点附近的行为(在最短路密度趋于零的极限情形<ref name="Newman_Watts_RG_small_world">{{cite journal|author1=Newman M|author2=Watts D.|title=Renormalization group analysis of the small-world network model|journal=Phys. Lett. A|year=1999|volume=263|url=}}</ref>)以及经变换其拓扑性质保持不变的格点上的无标度网络模型<ref name="Kim_Geographical_coarse_graining">{{cite journal|author1=Kim B. J.|title=Geographical coarse graining of complex networks|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett.|year=2004|volume=93|url=}}</ref>。然而,这些方法需预知节点坐标,或需明确区分短程连接(定义实际参与粗粒化的路径长度)与长程连接。对于真实网络,这类信息通常未知甚至无法明确定义。
 
另一方面,研究者提出,可以在具有短程连接性质的规则格点网络中添加长程连接,进而实现实空间重整化群变换。这类变换已用于研究若干问题,包括Watts-Strogatz模型在临界点附近的行为(在最短路密度趋于零的极限情形<ref name="Newman_Watts_RG_small_world">{{cite journal|author1=Newman M|author2=Watts D.|title=Renormalization group analysis of the small-world network model|journal=Phys. Lett. A|year=1999|volume=263|url=}}</ref>)以及经变换其拓扑性质保持不变的格点上的无标度网络模型<ref name="Kim_Geographical_coarse_graining">{{cite journal|author1=Kim B. J.|title=Geographical coarse graining of complex networks|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett.|year=2004|volume=93|url=}}</ref>。然而,这些方法需预知节点坐标,或需明确区分短程连接(定义实际参与粗粒化的路径长度)与长程连接。对于真实网络,这类信息通常未知甚至无法明确定义。
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