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Moved page from wikipedia:en:Computational social science (history)
此词条暂由彩云小译翻译，未经人工整理和审校，带来阅读不便，请见谅。'''Computational social science''' refers to '''the academic sub-disciplines concerned''' with computational approaches to the [[social science]]s. This means that computers are used to model, simulate, and analyze social phenomena. Fields include [[computational economics]], [[computational sociology]], [[cliodynamics]], [[culturomics]], and the automated analysis of contents, in social and traditional media. It focuses on investigating social and behavioral relationships and interactions through [[social simulation]], modeling, network analysis, and media analysis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://computationalsocialscience.org/|title=The Computational Social Science Society of the Americas official website}}</ref>
Computational social science refers to the academic sub-disciplines concerned with computational approaches to the social sciences. This means that computers are used to model, simulate, and analyze social phenomena. Fields include computational economics, computational sociology, cliodynamics, culturomics, and the automated analysis of contents, in social and traditional media. It focuses on investigating social and behavioral relationships and interactions through social simulation, modeling, network analysis, and media analysis.
计算社会科学是指与社会科学计算方法有关的学术分支学科。这意味着计算机被用来建模、模拟和分析社会现象。领域包括计算经济学、计算社会学、动态学、文化学以及社交和传统媒体的内容自动分析。它着重于通过社会模拟、建模、网络分析和媒体分析来调查社会和行为关系和互动。
== Definitions ==
== Definitions ==
定义
There are two terminologies that relate to each other: '''Social Science Computing (SSC) and Computational Social Science (CSS)'''. In literature, CSS is referred to the field of social science that uses the computational approaches in studying the social phenomena.
There are two terminologies that relate to each other: Social Science Computing (SSC) and Computational Social Science (CSS). In literature, CSS is referred to the field of social science that uses the computational approaches in studying the social phenomena.
有两个相互关联的术语: 社会科学计算(SSC)和计算社会科学(CSS)。在文献中，CSS 指的是社会科学领域，它使用计算方法来研究社会现象。
On the other hand, SSC is the field in which computational methodologies are created to assist in explanations of social phenomena.
On the other hand, SSC is the field in which computational methodologies are created to assist in explanations of social phenomena.
另一方面，南南合作是一个领域，其中计算方法创建，以协助解释社会现象。
Computational social science revolutionizes both fundamental legs of the [[scientific method]]: [[empirical research]], especially through [[big data]], by analyzing the [[digital footprint]] left behind through social online activities; and [[scientific theory]], especially through [[computer simulation]] model building through [[social simulation]].<ref>DT&SC 7-1: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9x3d75ZMuYU . Introduction to e-Science]: From the DT&SC [https://canvas.instructure.com/courses/949415 online course] at the University of California</ref><ref name="HilbertICT4ICT4D">{{cite book|author=Hilbert, M.|year=2015|title=e-Science for Digital Development: ICT4ICT4D|publisher=Centre for Development Informatics, SEED, University of Manchester|url=http://www.seed.manchester.ac.uk/medialibrary/IDPM/working_papers/di/di-wp60.pdf|isbn=978-1-905469-54-3|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100018/http://www.seed.manchester.ac.uk/medialibrary/IDPM/working_papers/di/di-wp60.pdf|archivedate=2015-09-24}}</ref> It is a multi-disciplinary and integrated approach to social survey focusing on information processing by means of advanced information technology. The computational tasks include the analysis of social networks, social geographic systems,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Computational social science |first=Claudio |last=Cioffi-Revilla |journal=[[Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics]] |year=2010 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=259–271 |doi=10.1002/wics.95}}</ref> social media content and traditional media content.
Computational social science revolutionizes both fundamental legs of the scientific method: empirical research, especially through big data, by analyzing the digital footprint left behind through social online activities; and scientific theory, especially through computer simulation model building through social simulation. It is a multi-disciplinary and integrated approach to social survey focusing on information processing by means of advanced information technology. The computational tasks include the analysis of social networks, social geographic systems, social media content and traditional media content.
计算社会科学彻底改变了科学方法的两个基本支柱: 实证研究，特别是通过大数据，通过分析社会在线活动留下的数据痕迹; 科学理论，特别是通过社会模拟建立计算机模拟模型。利用先进的信息技术进行以信息处理为核心的社会调查是一种多学科、综合的方法。计算任务包括分析社交网络、社交地理系统、社交媒体内容和传统媒体内容。
Computational social science work increasingly relies on the greater availability of large databases, currently constructed and maintained by a number of interdisciplinary projects, including:
Computational social science work increasingly relies on the greater availability of large databases, currently constructed and maintained by a number of interdisciplinary projects, including:
计算社会科学工作越来越依赖于大型数据库的更大可用性，这些数据库目前由一些跨学科项目建立和维护，包括:
* The [[Seshat (project)|Seshat: Global History Databank]], which systematically collects state-of-the-art accounts of the political and social organization of human groups and how societies have evolved through time into an authoritative [http://www.seshatdatabank.info ''databank''].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Turchin|first1=Peter|last2=Brennan|first2=Rob|last3=Currie|first3=Thomas E.|last4=Feeney|first4=Kevin C.|last5=Francois|first5=Pieter|last6=Hoyer|first6=Daniel|last7=Manning|first7=J. G.|last8=Marciniak|first8=Arkadiusz|last9=Mullins|first9=Daniel|last10=Palmisano|first10=Alessio|last11=Peregrine|first11=Peter|last12=Turner|first12=Edward A. L.|last13=Whitehouse|first13=Harvey|title=Seshat: The Global History Databank|journal=Cliodynamics|date=2015|volume=6|page=77|url=https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt9qx38718/qt9qx38718.pdf}} https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qx38718</ref> Seshat is affiliated also with the [[Evolution Institute]], a non-profit think-tank that "uses evolutionary science to solve real-world problems."
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160818082017/https://d-place.org/home ''D-PLACE'']: the Database of Places, Languages, Culture and Environment, which provides data on over 1,400 human social formations<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kirby|first1=Kathryn R.|last2=Gray|first2=Russell D.|last3=Greenhill|first3=Simon J.|last4=Jordan|first4=Fiona M.|last5=Gomes-Ng|first5=Stephanie|last6=Bibiko|first6=Hans-Jörg|last7=Blasi|first7=Damián E.|last8=Botero|first8=Carlos A.|last9=Bowern|first9=Claire|last10=Ember|first10=Carol R.|last11=Leehr|first11=Dan|last12=Low|first12=Bobbi S.|last13=McCarter|first13=Joe|last14=Divale|first14=William|title=D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity|journal=PLOS One|date=2016|volume=11|issue=7|pages=e0158391|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0158391|pmid=27391016|pmc=4938595|bibcode=2016PLoSO..1158391K}}</ref>
* [http://eclectic.ss.uci.edu/~drwhite/worldcul/Archaeo/ ''The Atlas of Cultural Evolution''], an archaeological database created by [[Peter N. Peregrine]]<ref>Peter N. Peregrine, ''Atlas of Cultural Evolution'', ''World Cultures'' 14(1), 2003</ref>
* [http://www.chia.pitt.edu/ ''CHIA: The Collaborative Information for Historical Analysis''], a multidisciplinary collaborative endeavor hosted by the [[University of Pittsburgh]] with the goal of archiving historical information and linking data as well as academic/research institutions around the globe
* [https://socialhistory.org/en/research/specials/about-iish-research-programme ''International Institute of Social History''], which collects data on the global social history of labour relations, workers, and labour
* [[Human Relations Area Files]] eHRAF Archaeology<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/hraf/archaeology.htm|publisher=[[Human Relations Area Files]]| title=eHRAF Archaeology}}</ref>
* [[Human Relations Area Files]] eHRAF World Cultures<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/ehrafe/|publisher=[[Human Relations Area Files]]| title=eHRAF World Cultures}}</ref>
*[https://www.clio-infra.eu/ Clio-Infra] a database of measures of economic performance and other aspects of societal well-being on a global sample of societies from 1800 CE to the present
* The [[Google Ngram Viewer]], an online search engine that charts frequencies of sets of comma-delimited search strings using a yearly count of n-grams as found in the largest online body of human knowledge, the [[Google Books]] corpus.
The analysis of vast quantities of historical newspaper<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lansdall-Welfare|first=Thomas|last2=Sudhahar|first2=Saatviga|last3=Thompson|first3=James|last4=Lewis|first4=Justin|last5=Team|first5=FindMyPast Newspaper|last6=Cristianini|first6=Nello|date=2017-01-09|title=Content analysis of 150 years of British periodicals|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/01/03/1606380114|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=114|issue=4|language=en|pages=E457–E465|doi=10.1073/pnas.1606380114|issn=0027-8424|pmid=28069962|pmc=5278459}}</ref> and book content<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roth|first=Steffen|display-authors=et al|date=2017|title=Futures of a distributed memory. A global brain wave measurement (1800-2000)|journal=Technological Forecasting and Social Change|volume=118|language=en|pages=307–323|doi=10.1016/j.techfore.2017.02.031}}</ref> have been pioneered in 2017, while other studies on similar data<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dzogang|first=Fabon|last2=Lansdall-Welfare|first2=Thomas|last3=Team|first3=FindMyPast Newspaper|last4=Cristianini|first4=Nello|date=2016-11-08|title=Discovering Periodic Patterns in Historical News|journal=PLOS One|volume=11|issue=11|pages=e0165736|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0165736|issn=1932-6203|pmc=5100883|pmid=27824911|bibcode=2016PLoSO..1165736D}}</ref> showed how periodic structures can be automatically discovered in historical newspapers. A similar analysis was performed on social media, again revealing strongly periodic structures.<ref>Seasonal Fluctuations in Collective Mood Revealed by Wikipedia Searches and Twitter Posts F Dzogang, T Lansdall-Welfare, N Cristianini - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, Workshop on ''Data Mining'' in Human Activity Analysis</ref>
The analysis of vast quantities of historical newspaper and book content have been pioneered in 2017, while other studies on similar data showed how periodic structures can be automatically discovered in historical newspapers. A similar analysis was performed on social media, again revealing strongly periodic structures.
对大量历史报纸和书籍内容的分析在2017年开创了先河，而对类似数据的其他研究表明，周期结构可以在历史报纸中自动发现。在社交媒体上也进行了类似的分析，再次揭示了强烈的周期性结构。
==See also==
==See also==
参见
* [[Cliodynamics]]
* [[Computational cognition]]
* [[Computational politics]]
* [[Computational sociology]]
* [[Digital humanities]]
* [[Digital sociology]]
* [[Online content analysis]]
* [[Predictive analytics]]
* [[Seshat (project)]]
* [[Social web]]
** [[Social network analysis]]
==References==
==References==
参考资料
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
== External links ==
外部链接
* [http://www.essa.eu.org/ ESSA]: [[European Social Simulation Association]] portal
* [http://www.paaa.asia PAAA]: Pan-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences
* [http://computationalsocialscience.org CSSSA]: Computational Social Science Society of the Americas
* [https://2019.ic2s2.org/ 2019 International Conference on Computational Social Science]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2745217/ "Life in the network: the coming age of computational social science"]. Retrieved June 10, 2015.
* [http://seshatdatabank.info/ Seshat]
[[Category:Social sciences]]
Category:Social sciences
类别: 社会科学
[[Category:Computational science]]
Category:Computational science
类别: 计算科学
[[Category:Computational fields of study]]
Category:Computational fields of study
类别: 研究的计算领域
[[Category:Computational social science| ]]
<noinclude>
<small>This page was moved from [[wikipedia:en:Computational social science]]. Its edit history can be viewed at [[计算社会科学/edithistory]]</small></noinclude>
[[Category:待整理页面]]
Computational social science refers to the academic sub-disciplines concerned with computational approaches to the social sciences. This means that computers are used to model, simulate, and analyze social phenomena. Fields include computational economics, computational sociology, cliodynamics, culturomics, and the automated analysis of contents, in social and traditional media. It focuses on investigating social and behavioral relationships and interactions through social simulation, modeling, network analysis, and media analysis.
计算社会科学是指与社会科学计算方法有关的学术分支学科。这意味着计算机被用来建模、模拟和分析社会现象。领域包括计算经济学、计算社会学、动态学、文化学以及社交和传统媒体的内容自动分析。它着重于通过社会模拟、建模、网络分析和媒体分析来调查社会和行为关系和互动。
== Definitions ==
== Definitions ==
定义
There are two terminologies that relate to each other: '''Social Science Computing (SSC) and Computational Social Science (CSS)'''. In literature, CSS is referred to the field of social science that uses the computational approaches in studying the social phenomena.
There are two terminologies that relate to each other: Social Science Computing (SSC) and Computational Social Science (CSS). In literature, CSS is referred to the field of social science that uses the computational approaches in studying the social phenomena.
有两个相互关联的术语: 社会科学计算(SSC)和计算社会科学(CSS)。在文献中，CSS 指的是社会科学领域，它使用计算方法来研究社会现象。
On the other hand, SSC is the field in which computational methodologies are created to assist in explanations of social phenomena.
On the other hand, SSC is the field in which computational methodologies are created to assist in explanations of social phenomena.
另一方面，南南合作是一个领域，其中计算方法创建，以协助解释社会现象。
Computational social science revolutionizes both fundamental legs of the [[scientific method]]: [[empirical research]], especially through [[big data]], by analyzing the [[digital footprint]] left behind through social online activities; and [[scientific theory]], especially through [[computer simulation]] model building through [[social simulation]].<ref>DT&SC 7-1: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9x3d75ZMuYU . Introduction to e-Science]: From the DT&SC [https://canvas.instructure.com/courses/949415 online course] at the University of California</ref><ref name="HilbertICT4ICT4D">{{cite book|author=Hilbert, M.|year=2015|title=e-Science for Digital Development: ICT4ICT4D|publisher=Centre for Development Informatics, SEED, University of Manchester|url=http://www.seed.manchester.ac.uk/medialibrary/IDPM/working_papers/di/di-wp60.pdf|isbn=978-1-905469-54-3|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100018/http://www.seed.manchester.ac.uk/medialibrary/IDPM/working_papers/di/di-wp60.pdf|archivedate=2015-09-24}}</ref> It is a multi-disciplinary and integrated approach to social survey focusing on information processing by means of advanced information technology. The computational tasks include the analysis of social networks, social geographic systems,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Computational social science |first=Claudio |last=Cioffi-Revilla |journal=[[Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics]] |year=2010 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=259–271 |doi=10.1002/wics.95}}</ref> social media content and traditional media content.
Computational social science revolutionizes both fundamental legs of the scientific method: empirical research, especially through big data, by analyzing the digital footprint left behind through social online activities; and scientific theory, especially through computer simulation model building through social simulation. It is a multi-disciplinary and integrated approach to social survey focusing on information processing by means of advanced information technology. The computational tasks include the analysis of social networks, social geographic systems, social media content and traditional media content.
计算社会科学彻底改变了科学方法的两个基本支柱: 实证研究，特别是通过大数据，通过分析社会在线活动留下的数据痕迹; 科学理论，特别是通过社会模拟建立计算机模拟模型。利用先进的信息技术进行以信息处理为核心的社会调查是一种多学科、综合的方法。计算任务包括分析社交网络、社交地理系统、社交媒体内容和传统媒体内容。
Computational social science work increasingly relies on the greater availability of large databases, currently constructed and maintained by a number of interdisciplinary projects, including:
Computational social science work increasingly relies on the greater availability of large databases, currently constructed and maintained by a number of interdisciplinary projects, including:
计算社会科学工作越来越依赖于大型数据库的更大可用性，这些数据库目前由一些跨学科项目建立和维护，包括:
* The [[Seshat (project)|Seshat: Global History Databank]], which systematically collects state-of-the-art accounts of the political and social organization of human groups and how societies have evolved through time into an authoritative [http://www.seshatdatabank.info ''databank''].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Turchin|first1=Peter|last2=Brennan|first2=Rob|last3=Currie|first3=Thomas E.|last4=Feeney|first4=Kevin C.|last5=Francois|first5=Pieter|last6=Hoyer|first6=Daniel|last7=Manning|first7=J. G.|last8=Marciniak|first8=Arkadiusz|last9=Mullins|first9=Daniel|last10=Palmisano|first10=Alessio|last11=Peregrine|first11=Peter|last12=Turner|first12=Edward A. L.|last13=Whitehouse|first13=Harvey|title=Seshat: The Global History Databank|journal=Cliodynamics|date=2015|volume=6|page=77|url=https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt9qx38718/qt9qx38718.pdf}} https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qx38718</ref> Seshat is affiliated also with the [[Evolution Institute]], a non-profit think-tank that "uses evolutionary science to solve real-world problems."
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160818082017/https://d-place.org/home ''D-PLACE'']: the Database of Places, Languages, Culture and Environment, which provides data on over 1,400 human social formations<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kirby|first1=Kathryn R.|last2=Gray|first2=Russell D.|last3=Greenhill|first3=Simon J.|last4=Jordan|first4=Fiona M.|last5=Gomes-Ng|first5=Stephanie|last6=Bibiko|first6=Hans-Jörg|last7=Blasi|first7=Damián E.|last8=Botero|first8=Carlos A.|last9=Bowern|first9=Claire|last10=Ember|first10=Carol R.|last11=Leehr|first11=Dan|last12=Low|first12=Bobbi S.|last13=McCarter|first13=Joe|last14=Divale|first14=William|title=D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity|journal=PLOS One|date=2016|volume=11|issue=7|pages=e0158391|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0158391|pmid=27391016|pmc=4938595|bibcode=2016PLoSO..1158391K}}</ref>
* [http://eclectic.ss.uci.edu/~drwhite/worldcul/Archaeo/ ''The Atlas of Cultural Evolution''], an archaeological database created by [[Peter N. Peregrine]]<ref>Peter N. Peregrine, ''Atlas of Cultural Evolution'', ''World Cultures'' 14(1), 2003</ref>
* [http://www.chia.pitt.edu/ ''CHIA: The Collaborative Information for Historical Analysis''], a multidisciplinary collaborative endeavor hosted by the [[University of Pittsburgh]] with the goal of archiving historical information and linking data as well as academic/research institutions around the globe
* [https://socialhistory.org/en/research/specials/about-iish-research-programme ''International Institute of Social History''], which collects data on the global social history of labour relations, workers, and labour
* [[Human Relations Area Files]] eHRAF Archaeology<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/hraf/archaeology.htm|publisher=[[Human Relations Area Files]]| title=eHRAF Archaeology}}</ref>
* [[Human Relations Area Files]] eHRAF World Cultures<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/ehrafe/|publisher=[[Human Relations Area Files]]| title=eHRAF World Cultures}}</ref>
*[https://www.clio-infra.eu/ Clio-Infra] a database of measures of economic performance and other aspects of societal well-being on a global sample of societies from 1800 CE to the present
* The [[Google Ngram Viewer]], an online search engine that charts frequencies of sets of comma-delimited search strings using a yearly count of n-grams as found in the largest online body of human knowledge, the [[Google Books]] corpus.
The analysis of vast quantities of historical newspaper<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lansdall-Welfare|first=Thomas|last2=Sudhahar|first2=Saatviga|last3=Thompson|first3=James|last4=Lewis|first4=Justin|last5=Team|first5=FindMyPast Newspaper|last6=Cristianini|first6=Nello|date=2017-01-09|title=Content analysis of 150 years of British periodicals|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/01/03/1606380114|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=114|issue=4|language=en|pages=E457–E465|doi=10.1073/pnas.1606380114|issn=0027-8424|pmid=28069962|pmc=5278459}}</ref> and book content<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roth|first=Steffen|display-authors=et al|date=2017|title=Futures of a distributed memory. A global brain wave measurement (1800-2000)|journal=Technological Forecasting and Social Change|volume=118|language=en|pages=307–323|doi=10.1016/j.techfore.2017.02.031}}</ref> have been pioneered in 2017, while other studies on similar data<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dzogang|first=Fabon|last2=Lansdall-Welfare|first2=Thomas|last3=Team|first3=FindMyPast Newspaper|last4=Cristianini|first4=Nello|date=2016-11-08|title=Discovering Periodic Patterns in Historical News|journal=PLOS One|volume=11|issue=11|pages=e0165736|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0165736|issn=1932-6203|pmc=5100883|pmid=27824911|bibcode=2016PLoSO..1165736D}}</ref> showed how periodic structures can be automatically discovered in historical newspapers. A similar analysis was performed on social media, again revealing strongly periodic structures.<ref>Seasonal Fluctuations in Collective Mood Revealed by Wikipedia Searches and Twitter Posts F Dzogang, T Lansdall-Welfare, N Cristianini - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, Workshop on ''Data Mining'' in Human Activity Analysis</ref>
The analysis of vast quantities of historical newspaper and book content have been pioneered in 2017, while other studies on similar data showed how periodic structures can be automatically discovered in historical newspapers. A similar analysis was performed on social media, again revealing strongly periodic structures.
对大量历史报纸和书籍内容的分析在2017年开创了先河，而对类似数据的其他研究表明，周期结构可以在历史报纸中自动发现。在社交媒体上也进行了类似的分析，再次揭示了强烈的周期性结构。
==See also==
==See also==
参见
* [[Cliodynamics]]
* [[Computational cognition]]
* [[Computational politics]]
* [[Computational sociology]]
* [[Digital humanities]]
* [[Digital sociology]]
* [[Online content analysis]]
* [[Predictive analytics]]
* [[Seshat (project)]]
* [[Social web]]
** [[Social network analysis]]
==References==
==References==
参考资料
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
== External links ==
外部链接
* [http://www.essa.eu.org/ ESSA]: [[European Social Simulation Association]] portal
* [http://www.paaa.asia PAAA]: Pan-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences
* [http://computationalsocialscience.org CSSSA]: Computational Social Science Society of the Americas
* [https://2019.ic2s2.org/ 2019 International Conference on Computational Social Science]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2745217/ "Life in the network: the coming age of computational social science"]. Retrieved June 10, 2015.
* [http://seshatdatabank.info/ Seshat]
[[Category:Social sciences]]
Category:Social sciences
类别: 社会科学
[[Category:Computational science]]
Category:Computational science
类别: 计算科学
[[Category:Computational fields of study]]
Category:Computational fields of study
类别: 研究的计算领域
[[Category:Computational social science| ]]
<noinclude>
<small>This page was moved from [[wikipedia:en:Computational social science]]. Its edit history can be viewed at [[计算社会科学/edithistory]]</small></noinclude>
[[Category:待整理页面]]