动态网络分析

本词条由Ryan初步翻译

动态网络分析 Dynamic network analysis是将传统的社会网络分析 Social Network Analysis SNA、链路分析 Link Analysis LA、社会模拟 Social Simulation和多主体系统 Multi-Agent Systems MAS与网络科学 Network Science和网络理论 Network Theory相结合的新兴科学领域。这个领域有两个方向。第一个是动态网络分析数据的统计分析。第二是利用仿真来解决网络动态问题。动态网络分析的网络不同于传统的社会网络，因为它们更加庞大、更加具有活力、多模式，多重网络，并且可能包含不同程度的不确定性。DNA 与 SNA 的主要区别在于，动态网络分析考虑了社会特征的交互作用，从而调节了网络的结构和行为。动态网络分析与时间分析 Temporal Analysis有关，但时间分析并不一定与动态网络分析有关，因为网络的变化有时是由外部因素造成的，这些因素与网络中的社会特征相互独立。关于使用动态网络分析中最早且最著名的案例之一，桑普森修道院的研究，他在该研究中从不同间隔拍摄了相同网络的快照，并观察和分析了网络的演变。^[1]对超大规模复杂网络中链接利用动态特性的早期研究提供了动态中心性 Dynamic Centrality，动态主题 Dynamic Motifs和社交互动周期 Cycles of Social Interactions的证据。^[2]^[3]

DNA统计工具通常可针对大规模网络进行优化，同时允许对多个具有多种类型的节点(多节点)和多种类型的链接(多边)的网络进行分析。多节点多重网络通常被称为

元网络 Meta-Network或高维网络 High-Dimensional Networks。相比之下，SNA统计工具侧重于单一模式或至多两种模式的数据，一次只能进行一种类型链接的分析。

DNA统计工具倾向于为用户提供更多的测量手段，因为它们的测量手段同时从多个网络中提取的数据。潜在空间模型 Latent Space Models(Sarkar 和 Moore，2005年)和基于代理的模拟 Agent-Based Simulation经常用来测试动态的社交网络(Carley 等人，2009年)。从计算机仿真的角度来看，DNA中的节点就像量子理论中的原子一样，尽管不一定需要将节点视为概率随机的。传统SNA模型中的节点是静态的，而DNA模型中的节点具有学习能力。特性随时间变化; 节点可以随之适应: 一个公司的职员可以学习新技能，增加他们在公司结构中的价值; 或者，抓捕了一名恐怖分子，另外三人被迫临时合作。变化从一个节点传播到下一个节点，依此类推。DNA增加了网络进化的基本要素，并考虑了可能发生变化的环境。

图1：An example of a multi-entity, multi-network, dynamic network diagram 多实体、多网络、动态网络图示

动态网络分析与标准社交网络分析相比，有三个主要特征。第一，DNA研究的不仅仅是社交网络，而是元网络。其次，基于代理建模和其他形式模拟常用于探索网络如何演变与适应，以及人为干预对这些网络的影响。第三，网络中的链接不是二进制的; 事实上，在许多情况中它们代表了链接存在的可能性。

元网络

元网络 Meta-Network是一种多模式、多链接、多层级的网络。多模式意味着有多种类型的节点; 例如，人与位置坐标的节点。多链接意味有着众多类型的链接，例如友谊和建议。多层级表明某些节点可能是其他节点的组成部分，例如由人员和组织构成的网络，并且链接之一就是谁是哪个组织的成员。

虽然不同的研究人员使用不同的模式，共同的模式却都反映了何人、何事、时间、地点、原因和方式。一个简单的元网络示例是包含有人员、任务和资源的 PCANS 公式。更详细的公式会考虑人员、任务、资源、知识和组织。ORA工具是为支持元网络分析而开发。

DNA领域的工作者们正在研究的解释性问题

 --ZC(讨论)  【审校】“该段落中多次出现“...over time”，”是否该翻译为“在时间维度上”，留有迟疑。

制定指标和统计资料，以评估和识别网络内部和网络之间的变化。

开发和验证仿真以研究网络的变化，演变，适应性，衰减。

网络变化，演化，适应，衰减的开发和测试理论^[4]

开发和验证网络成长和演化的正规模型

开发技术以将整体、节点或组级别的网络改变可视化

开发统计技术，以了解随着时间推移，在网络中观察到的差异是否仅仅是因为链接和节点分布的不同样本，还是因为链接和节点的基础分布随时间的变化

在时间维度上，为网络开发控制过程

在时间维度上，开发算法来改变网络中的链接分布

在时间维度上，开发算法来跟踪网络中的群体

开发从各种数据源资源(如文本)中提取或定位网络的工具

在时间维度上，在网络上开发有效的统计测量手段

测试网络指标在不同类型数据缺失下的稳健性

多模式、多链路、多时段网络的实证研究

检验网络的概率时变现象

预测现有网络的变化

在给定一系列网络的情况下识别经过时间的轨迹

在给定的网络序列中，识别节点临界性的变化与多模式、多链路、多时段网络相关的任何事物

研究时态网络上的随机游动

动态网络中影响动态过程的接触序列结构特性的量化

秘密活动的评估

引文分析

社交媒体分析

公共卫生系统的评估

医院安全结果分析

新闻数据中种族暴力结构的评估

恐怖组织的评估

社交互动的在线社交衰退

在时间维度上，大型金融网络可视化

学校课堂互动的建模

参见

图动态系统

国际社交网络的分析

凯瑟琳·卡利

网络动力学

网络科学

顺序动力学系统

参考

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↑ Harrison C. White, 1992, Identity and control: A structural theory of social action. Princeton University Press.
↑ Dan Braha, Yaneer Bar‐Yam, 2006, “From centrality to temporary fame: Dynamic centrality in complex networks,” Complexity, 12(2), 59-63.
↑ Dan Braha, Yaneer Bar-Yam 2009, Time-dependent complex networks: Dynamic centrality, dynamic motifs, and cycles of social interactions. In Adaptive Networks (pp. 39-50). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
↑ Majdandzic, A.; et al. (2013). "Spontaneous recovery in dynamical networks". Nature Physics. 10: 34–38. doi:10.1038/nphys2819.
↑ David Krackhardt and Kathleen M. Carley, 1998, "A PCANS Model of Structure in Organization," In proceedings of the 1998 International Symposium on Command and Control Research and Technology, Monterey, CA, June 1998, Evidence Based Research, Vienna, VA, Pp. 113-119.
↑ Kathleen M. Carley, 2002, "Smart Agents and Organizations of the Future," The Handbook of New Media. Edited by Leah Lievrouw and Sonia Livingstone (Eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage, Ch. 12: 206-220.
↑ Michele Starnini, Andrea Baronchelli, Alain Barrat, 2012, Random walks on temporal networks. Phys. Rev. E 85, 056115, http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.85.056115
↑ René Pfitzner, Ingo Scholtes, Antonios Garas, Claudio Juan Tessone, Frank Schweitzer, 2012, "Betweenness Preference: Quantifying Correlations in the Topological Dynamics of Temporal Networks", Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, May 10, 2013.
↑ Purnamrita Sarkar and Andrew W. Moore. 2005. Dynamic social network analysis using latent space models. SIGKDD Explor. Newsl. 7, 2 (December 2005), 31-40.
↑ Carley, Kathleen M., Michael K., Martin and John P. Hancock, 2009, "Dynamic Network Analysis Applied to Experiments from the Decision Architectures Research Environment," Advanced Decision Architectures for the Warfigher: Foundation and Technology, Ch. 4.
↑ Kathleen M. Carley, Michael K. Martin and Brian Hirshman, 2009, "The Etiology of Social Change," Topics in Cognitive Science, 1.4:621-650
↑ Everton, Sean, 2012, Disrupting Dark Networks, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY
↑ Kenney, Michael J., John Horgan, Cale Horne, Peter Vining, Kathleen M. Carley, Michael Bigrigg, Mia Bloom, Kurt Braddock, 2012, Organizational adaptation in an activist network: Social networks, leadership, and change in al-Muhajiroun, Applied Ergonomics, 44(5):739-747.
↑ Merrill, Jacqueline, Mark G. Orr, Christie Y. Jeon, Rosalind V. Wilson, Jonathan Storrick and Kathleen M. Carley, 2012, "Topology of Local Health Officials’ Advice Networks: Mind the Gaps," Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 18(6): 602–608
↑ Van Holt, Tracy, Jeffrey C. Johnson, Jamie Brinkley, Kathleen M. Carley and Janna Caspersen, 2012, "Structure of ethnic violence in Sudan: an automated content, meta-network and geospatial analytical approach," Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 18:340-355.
↑ Effken, Judith A.,Sheila Gephart and Kathleen M. Carley, 2013, "Using ORA to Assess the Relationship of Handoffs to Quality and Safety Outcomes," Computers, Informatics, Nursing. 31(1): 36-44.
↑ Carley, Kathleen. M., Jürgen Pfeffer, Huan Liu, Fred Morstatter, Rebecca Goolsby, 2013, Near Real Time Assessment of Social Media Using Geo-Temporal Network Analytics, In Proceedings of 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM), August 25–28, 2013, Niagara Falls, Canada.
↑ Kathleen M. Carley. 2014. "ORA: A Toolkit for Dynamic Network Analysis and Visualization," In Reda Alhajj and Jon Rokne (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining, Springer.
↑ M. Abufouda, K. A. Zweig ."A Theoretical Model for Understanding the Dynamics of Online Social Networks Decay". arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.01538.
↑ Heijmans, Ronald; Heuver, Richard; Levallois, Clement; van Lelyveld, Iman (2016). "Dynamic visualization of large financial networks". The Journal of Network Theory in Finance. 2 (2): 57–79. doi:10.21314/JNTF.2016.017. ISSN 2055-7795.
↑ Christian Bokhove, 2016, "Exploring classroom interaction with dynamic social network analysis", International Journal of Research & Method in Education, doi:10.1080/1743727X.2016.1192116.

External links

Radcliffe Exploratory Seminar on Dynamic Networks

Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS)

模板:Social networking

Category:Computer network analysis

类别: 计算机网络分析

Category:Social statistics

类别: 社会统计

Category:Methods in sociology

范畴: 社会学方法

This page was moved from wikipedia:en:Dynamic network analysis. Its edit history can be viewed at 动态网络分析/edithistory

[1] Harrison C. White, 1992, Identity and control: A structural theory of social action. Princeton University Press.

[2] Dan Braha, Yaneer Bar‐Yam, 2006, “From centrality to temporary fame: Dynamic centrality in complex networks,” Complexity, 12(2), 59-63.

[3] Dan Braha, Yaneer Bar-Yam 2009, Time-dependent complex networks: Dynamic centrality, dynamic motifs, and cycles of social interactions. In Adaptive Networks (pp. 39-50). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

[4] Majdandzic, A.; et al. (2013). "Spontaneous recovery in dynamical networks". Nature Physics. 10: 34–38. doi:10.1038/nphys2819.

[pcans-5] David Krackhardt and Kathleen M. Carley, 1998, "A PCANS Model of Structure in Organization," In proceedings of the 1998 International Symposium on Command and Control Research and Technology, Monterey, CA, June 1998, Evidence Based Research, Vienna, VA, Pp. 113-119.

[smartAgents-6] Kathleen M. Carley, 2002, "Smart Agents and Organizations of the Future," The Handbook of New Media. Edited by Leah Lievrouw and Sonia Livingstone (Eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage, Ch. 12: 206-220.

[rw-7] Michele Starnini, Andrea Baronchelli, Alain Barrat, 2012, Random walks on temporal networks. Phys. Rev. E 85, 056115, http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.85.056115

[betweenness-8] René Pfitzner, Ingo Scholtes, Antonios Garas, Claudio Juan Tessone, Frank Schweitzer, 2012, "Betweenness Preference: Quantifying Correlations in the Topological Dynamics of Temporal Networks", Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, May 10, 2013.

[social-9] Purnamrita Sarkar and Andrew W. Moore. 2005. Dynamic social network analysis using latent space models. SIGKDD Explor. Newsl. 7, 2 (December 2005), 31-40.

[covert-10] Carley, Kathleen M., Michael K., Martin and John P. Hancock, 2009, "Dynamic Network Analysis Applied to Experiments from the Decision Architectures Research Environment," Advanced Decision Architectures for the Warfigher: Foundation and Technology, Ch. 4.

[Etiology-11] Kathleen M. Carley, Michael K. Martin and Brian Hirshman, 2009, "The Etiology of Social Change," Topics in Cognitive Science, 1.4:621-650

[dark-12] Everton, Sean, 2012, Disrupting Dark Networks, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY

[terror-13] Kenney, Michael J., John Horgan, Cale Horne, Peter Vining, Kathleen M. Carley, Michael Bigrigg, Mia Bloom, Kurt Braddock, 2012, Organizational adaptation in an activist network: Social networks, leadership, and change in al-Muhajiroun, Applied Ergonomics, 44(5):739-747.

[health-14] Merrill, Jacqueline, Mark G. Orr, Christie Y. Jeon, Rosalind V. Wilson, Jonathan Storrick and Kathleen M. Carley, 2012, "Topology of Local Health Officials’ Advice Networks: Mind the Gaps," Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 18(6): 602–608

[ethnic-15] Van Holt, Tracy, Jeffrey C. Johnson, Jamie Brinkley, Kathleen M. Carley and Janna Caspersen, 2012, "Structure of ethnic violence in Sudan: an automated content, meta-network and geospatial analytical approach," Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 18:340-355.

[hospital-16] Effken, Judith A.,Sheila Gephart and Kathleen M. Carley, 2013, "Using ORA to Assess the Relationship of Handoffs to Quality and Safety Outcomes," Computers, Informatics, Nursing. 31(1): 36-44.

[socialmedia-17] Carley, Kathleen. M., Jürgen Pfeffer, Huan Liu, Fred Morstatter, Rebecca Goolsby, 2013, Near Real Time Assessment of Social Media Using Geo-Temporal Network Analytics, In Proceedings of 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM), August 25–28, 2013, Niagara Falls, Canada.

[toolkit-18] Kathleen M. Carley. 2014. "ORA: A Toolkit for Dynamic Network Analysis and Visualization," In Reda Alhajj and Jon Rokne (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining, Springer.

[socialdecay-19] M. Abufouda, K. A. Zweig ."A Theoretical Model for Understanding the Dynamics of Online Social Networks Decay". arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.01538.

[dnb-20] Heijmans, Ronald; Heuver, Richard; Levallois, Clement; van Lelyveld, Iman (2016). "Dynamic visualization of large financial networks". The Journal of Network Theory in Finance. 2 (2): 57–79. doi:10.21314/JNTF.2016.017. ISSN 2055-7795.

[edu-21] Christian Bokhove, 2016, "Exploring classroom interaction with dynamic social network analysis", International Journal of Research & Method in Education, doi:10.1080/1743727X.2016.1192116.

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动态网络分析

目录

元网络

DNA领域的工作者们正在研究的解释性问题

参见

参考

Further reading

External links

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