复杂系统生物学

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复杂系统生物学 Complex system biology （CSB）是数学和理论生物学的一个分支或子领域，研究生物有机体结构和功能的复杂性，以及生物和物种的出现与进化，重点研究生物网络及其内部的复杂相互作用，以及生命所必须的基本关系与关系模式。因此，CBS是一个旨在发现和建模生命所必需的关系模式理论科学领域，它只与复杂系统理论和被称为系统生物学的生物学的系统方法有部分重叠;这是因为后者主要局限于生物组织和有机体的简化模型，以及对与生物学复杂性相关的哲学或语义问题的一般性考虑。此外，人们把广泛的抽象理论复杂系统作为应用数学的一个领域进行研究，无论其是否与生物学、化学或物理相关。

Network Representation of a Complex Adaptive System

一个复杂自适应系统的网络表示

生物体和生物圈的复杂性

研究人员一直困扰于如何完整定义单个生物体、物种、生态系统、生物进化和生物圈的复杂性，而且这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。

大多数复杂系统模型通常是根据统计物理学、信息论和非线性动力学的概念来制定的；这些方法并不关注或者说不包括与组织、拓扑属性或代数拓扑有关的复杂性的概念部分，如基因组、交互体和生物有机体的网络连通性这些重要概念。近年来，人们把以信息论、网络拓扑/抽象图论概念为基础的两种互补方法在神经科学和人类认知等领域结合起来。人们普遍认为，组织的复杂程度存在一种应与本体论的现实层次相区别层次结构，现代等级分类的分类方法也承认生物圈的例如:生物领域和生物圈、生物的界、门、纲、目、科、属和种等复杂层次结构。由于生物体具有动态性和组成的可变性、内在的“模糊性”、自生属性、自我繁殖的能力等等，生物体不符合一般系统的“标准”的定义，因此它们在功能和结构上都是“超级复杂”的；因此，在CSB中，生物体只能被定义为一种简单动态系统，“元系统”。这样一个有机体、物种、“生态系统”等等的元系统定义，并不等同于自生系统理论中对系统中的系统的定义。它也不同于K·D·帕尔默在元系统工程中提出的定义，即生物体不同于具有固定输入输出转换函数的机器和自动机，或不同于具有固定相空间的连续动力系统，这与笛卡尔哲学思想相反；因此，尽管“非确定性自动机”和“模糊自动机”也被定义了，但生物体不能仅仅用五组a（状态、启动状态、输入和输出集/字母、转换函数）来定义。然而，棋盘自动机 tessellation automata或元胞自动机 cellular automata 提供了一种直观的、可视化的/计算的视角来洞察较低层次的复杂性，因此已经成为一种越来越流行的离散模型，研究领域包括可计算理论、应用数学、物理、计算机科学、理论生物学/系统生物学、癌症模拟和微观结构建模。利用遗传算法实现元胞自动机是一个桥接棋盘自动机和CSB中的高层次复杂性方法之间差距的新兴领域。


of taxonomic ranks, such as: biological domain and biosphere, biological kingdom, Phylum, biological class, order, family, genus and species. Because of their dynamic and composition variability, intrinsic "fuzziness", autopoietic attributes, ability to self-reproduce, and so on, organisms do not fit into the 'standard' definition of general systems, and they are therefore 'super-complex' in both their function and structure; organisms can be thus be defined in CSB only as 'meta-systems' of simpler dynamic systems[1][2] Such a meta-system definition of organisms, species, 'ecosystems', and so on, is not equivalent to the definition of a system of systems as in Autopoietic Systems Theory,;[3] it also differs from the definition proposed for example by K.D. Palmer in meta-system engineering,[4] organisms being quite different from machines and automata with fixed input-output transition functions, or a continuous dynamical system with fixed phase space,引用错误：没有找到与</ref>对应的<ref>标签 contrary to the Cartesian philosophical thinking; thus, organisms cannot be defined merely in terms of a quintuple A of (states, startup state, input and output sets/alphabet, transition function),[5] although 'non-deterministic automata', as well as 'fuzzy automata' have also been defined. Tessellation or cellular automata provide however an intuitive, visual/computational insight into the lower levels of complexity, and have therefore become an increasingly popular, discrete model studied in computability theory, applied mathematics, physics, computer science, theoretical biology/systems biology, cancer simulations and microstructure modeling. Evolving cellular automata using genetic algorithms[6][7] contrary to the Cartesian philosophical thinking; thus, organisms cannot be defined merely in terms of a quintuple A of (states, startup state, input and output sets/alphabet, transition function), although 'non-deterministic automata', as well as 'fuzzy automata' have also been defined. Tessellation or cellular automata provide however an intuitive, visual/computational insight into the lower levels of complexity, and have therefore become an increasingly popular, discrete model studied in computability theory, applied mathematics, physics, computer science, theoretical biology/systems biology, cancer simulations and microstructure modeling. Evolving cellular automata using genetic algorithms[8][9] is also an emerging field attempting to bridge the gap between the tessellation automata and the higher level complexity approaches in CSB.

Evolving Cellular Automata with Genetic Algorithms: A Review of Recent Work, Melanie Mitchell, James P. Crutchfeld, Rajarshi Das (In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Evolutionary Computation and Its Applications (EvCA'96). Moscow, Russia: Russian Academy of Sciences, 1996.)</ref> is also an emerging field attempting to bridge the gap between the tessellation automata and the higher level complexity approaches in CSB.



复杂系统生物学的主题

Animated Molecular Model of a DNA double helix

一个DNA双螺旋的动画分子模型

Telomerase structure and function

端粒酶的结构与功能

A Complex Signal Transduction Pathway

一个复杂的信号转导途径

以下只是复杂系统生物学所涵盖的部分主题列表:

量子遗传

关系生物学

自我繁殖(在更一般的情况下也称为自我复制)

{{cite journal

{{cite journal

{引用期刊

|author1=Hayete, B |author2=Gardner, TS |author3=Collins, JJ | year = 2007

|author1=Hayete, B |author2=Gardner, TS |author3=Collins, JJ | year = 2007

1 = Hayete，b | author2 = Gardner，TS | author3 = Collins，JJ | year = 2007

| title = Size matters: network inference tackles the genome scale

| title = Size matters: network inference tackles the genome scale

| title = 规模问题: 网络推理解决了基因组规模

| journal = Molecular Systems Biology

| journal = Molecular Systems Biology

分子系统生物学

| volume = 3 |issue = 1| pages = 77

| volume = 3 |issue = 1| pages = 77

3 | issue = 1 | pages = 77

| doi = 10.1038/msb4100118

| doi = 10.1038/msb4100118

| doi = 10.1038/msb4100118

| pmid = 17299414

| pmid = 17299414

17299414

| pmc = 1828748

| pmc = 1828748

1828748

}}</ref>

}}</ref>

} </ref >

细胞信号传导

信号转导网络

复杂神经网络

基因网络

形态发生

数字形态发生

复杂自适应系统

形态形成的拓扑模型

渔业种群动态

流行病学

理论生态学

  • Immune system

免疫系统

另请参阅

  • 脱氧核糖核酸 DNA

Biographies

传记 模板:Colbegin


Notes

笔记

  1. ↑ Metasystem Transition Theory, Valentin Turchin, Cliff Joslyn, 1993-1997
  2. ↑ Reflexive Autopoietic Systems Theory
  3. ↑ Meta-system Engineering, Kent D. Palmer, 1996
  4. ↑ John E. Hopcroft, Rajeev Motwani, Jeffrey D. Ullman.2000. Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation (2nd Edition)Pearson Education.
  5. ↑ The Evolutionary Design of Collective Computation in Cellular Automata, James P. Crutchfeld, Melanie Mitchell, Rajarshi Das (In J. P. Crutchfield and P. K. Schuster (editors), Evolutionary Dynamics|Exploring the Interplay of Selection, Neutrality, Accident, and Function. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.)
  6. ↑ Framework for Systems with Dynamic Topology. International Journal of Computing Anticipatory System's 14:259–270
  7. ↑ Evolving Cellular Automata with Genetic Algorithms: A Review of Recent Work, Melanie Mitchell, James P. Crutchfeld, Rajarshi Das (In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Evolutionary Computation and Its Applications (EvCA'96). Moscow, Russia: Russian Academy of Sciences, 1996.)
  8. ↑ Peak, West; Messinger, Mott; Messinger, SM; Mott, KA (2004). "Evidence for complex, collective dynamics and emergent, distributed computation in plants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 101 (4): 918–922. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101..918P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0307811100. PMC 327117. PMID 14732685.
  9. ↑ Rosen, R. 1960. (1960). "A quantum-theoretic approach to genetic problems". Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics. 22 (3): 227–255. doi:10.1007/BF02478347.
  10. ↑ 引用错误：无效<ref>标签；未给name属性为ReferenceA的引用提供文字
  11. ↑ Baianu, I. C.: 2006 (2006). "Robert Rosen's Work and Complex Systems Biology". Axiomathes. 16 (1–2): 25–34. doi:10.1007/s10516-005-4204-z.
  12. ↑ Rosen, R.: 1958b (1958). "The Representation of Biological Systems from the Standpoint of the Theory of Categories". Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics. 20 (4): 317–341. doi:10.1007/BF02477890.
  13. ↑ PlanetMath
  14. ↑ "PlanetMath". PlanetMath. Retrieved 2010-03-17.
  15. ↑ 16.0 16.1 {{cite journal {{cite journal {引用期刊 | author = Faith, JJ | author = Faith, JJ 作者 = Faith，JJ | year = 2007 | year = 2007 2007年 | title = Large-Scale Mapping and Validation of Escherichia coli Transcriptional Regulation from a Compendium of Expression Profiles | title = Large-Scale Mapping and Validation of Escherichia coli Transcriptional Regulation from a Compendium of Expression Profiles | title = 大比例绘制和验证表达式概要中的大肠桿菌转录调控 | journal = PLOS Biology | journal = PLOS Biology | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 54–66 | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 54–66 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 54-66 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050008 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050008 10.1371/journal.pbio. 0050008 | pmid = 17214507 | pmid = 17214507 17214507 | pmc = 1764438 | pmc = 1764438 1764438 | display-authors = 1 | display-authors = 1 | display-authors = 1 | last2 = Hayete | last2 = Hayete 2 = Hayete | first2 = Boris | first2 = Boris 2 = Boris | last3 = Thaden | last3 = Thaden 3 = Thaden | first3 = Joshua T. | first3 = Joshua T. 3 = Joshua t. | last4 = Mogno | last4 = Mogno 4 = Mogno | first4 = Ilaria | first4 = Ilaria 4 = Ilaria | last5 = Wierzbowski | last5 = Wierzbowski 5 = Wierzbowski | first5 = Jamey | first5 = Jamey 5 = Jamey | last6 = Cottarel | last6 = Cottarel 6 = Cottarel | first6 = Guillaume | first6 = Guillaume 6 = Guillaume | last7 = Kasif | last7 = Kasif 7 = Kasif | first7 = Simon | first7 = Simon 7 = Simon | last8 = Collins | last8 = Collins 8 = Collins | first8 = James J. | first8 = James J. 8 = James j. | last9 = Gardner | last9 = Gardner 9 = Gardner | first9 = Timothy S. | first9 = Timothy S. 9 = Timothy s. }}
  16. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 }} 引用错误：无效<ref>标签；name属性“Hayete2007”使用不同内容定义了多次


References cited

参考文献引用

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