层级理论

此词条由Typhoid翻译。由Fernando审校。

Hierarchy theory is a means of studying ecological systems in which the relationship between all of the components is of great complexity. Hierarchy theory focuses on levels of organization and issues of scale, with a specific focus on the role of the observer in the definition of the system. Complexity in this context does not refer to an intrinsic property of the system but to the possibility of representing the systems in a plurality of non-equivalent ways depending on the pre-analytical choices of the observer. Instead of analyzing the whole structure, hierarchy theory refers to the analysis of hierarchical levels, and the interactions between them.

Hierarchy theory is a means of studying ecological systems in which the relationship between all of the components is of great complexity. Hierarchy theory focuses on levels of organization and issues of scale, with a specific focus on the role of the observer in the definition of the system. Complexity in this context does not refer to an intrinsic property of the system but to the possibility of representing the systems in a plurality of non-equivalent ways depending on the pre-analytical choices of the observer. Instead of analyzing the whole structure, hierarchy theory refers to the analysis of hierarchical levels, and the interactions between them.

层级理论是研究各组成部分之间关系复杂的生态系统的一种方法。层级理论聚焦于层次结构与规模问题，而且特别关注观察者在系统定义中的作用。在这一语境下，复杂度不是指代系统的一种固有属性，而是指“依赖观察者的事先分析选择，以多元的不平等的方式表征系统”的可能性。层级理论指的是对层次结构与其间相互作用的分析，而不是去分析整个结构。

 --Typhoid（讨论）[翻译]  存疑“在这种情况下，复杂度不是指代系统的一种固有属性，而是指根据观察者的预分析选择，以多元不等价的方式来描绘系统的可能性。”

See also

• Biological organisation 生物学组织

• Timothy F. H. Allen 蒂莫西．艾伦

• Deep history 深历史

• Big history 大历史

• Deep time 深时

• Deep ecology 深层生态学

• Infrastructure-based development 轨道发展

• World-systems theory 世界系统理论

• Structuralist economics 结构性经济

• Dependency theory 独立理论

Further reading

• Brooks, Daniel Stephen (August 2014). The concept of levels of organization in the biological sciences (Ph.D. thesis). Bielefeld: Bielefeld University. OCLC 942715109. {{cite thesis}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• Eronen, Markus I. (August 2014). "Levels of organization: a deflationary account". Biology and Philosophy. 30 (1): 39–58. doi:10.1007/s10539-014-9461-z. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• Potochnik, Angela; McGill, Brian J. (January 2012). "The limitations of hierarchical organization" (PDF). Philosophy of Science. 79 (1): 120–140. doi:10.1086/663237. JSTOR 663237. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• Ahl, Valerie; Allen, Timothy F. H. (1996). Hierarchy theory: a vision, vocabulary, and epistemology. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231084803. OCLC 34149766. 

• Allen, Timothy F. H.; Hoekstra, Thomas W. (2015) [1992]. Toward a unified ecology. Complexity in ecological systems series (2nd ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231168885. OCLC 920475391. 

• O'Neill, Robert V.; Deangelis, Donald Lee; Waide, J. B.; Allen, Timothy F. H. (1986). A hierarchical concept of ecosystems. Monographs in population biology. 23. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 069108436X. OCLC 13526197. https://books.google.com/books?id=DOU9DwAAQBAJ. 

• Allen, Timothy F. H; Starr, Thomas B. (2017) [1982]. Hierarchy: perspectives for ecological complexity (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226489711.001.0001. ISBN 978-0226489544. OCLC 967919711. 

• Guttman, Burton S. (February 1976). "Is 'levels of organization' a useful biological concept?". BioScience. 26 (2): 112–113. doi:10.2307/1297326. JSTOR 1297326. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• Pattee, Howard Hunt (1973). Hierarchy theory: the challenge of complex systems. International library of systems theory and philosophy. New York: George Braziller. ISBN 080760674X. OCLC 638741. 

Category:Hierarchy

类别: 层级

Category:Systems ecology

类别: 系统生态学

This page was moved from wikipedia:en:Hierarchy theory. Its edit history can be viewed at 层级理论/edithistory