社会动力学

本词条由11初步翻译

模板:Sociology 社会学

Complex systems
Topics
Self-organization Emergence
Collective behavior Social dynamics Collective intelligence Collective action Self-organized criticality Herd mentality Phase transition Agent-based modelling Synchronization Ant colony optimization Particle swarm optimization Swarm behaviour Collective consciousness
Networks Scale-free networks Social network analysis Small-world networks Centrality Motifs Graph theory Scaling Robustness Systems biology Dynamic networks Adaptive networks
Evolution and adaptation Artificial neural network Evolutionary computation Genetic algorithms Genetic programming Artificial life Machine learning Evolutionary developmental biology Artificial intelligence Evolutionary robotics Evolvability
Pattern formation Fractals Reaction–diffusion systems Partial differential equations Dissipative structures Percolation Cellular automata Spatial ecology Self-replication Geomorphology
Systems theory Homeostasis Operationalization Feedback Self-reference Goal-oriented System dynamics Sensemaking Entropy Cybernetics Autopoiesis Information theory Theory of computation
Nonlinear dynamics Time series analysis Ordinary differential equations Phase space Attractors Population dynamics Chaos Multistability Bifurcation Coupled map lattices
Game theory Prisoner's dilemma Rational choice theory Bounded rationality Evolutionary game theory

复杂系统

Social dynamics (or sociodynamics) is the study of the behavior of groups that results from the interactions of individual group members as well to the study of the relationship between individual interactions and group level behaviors.

Social dynamics (or sociodynamics) is the study of the behavior of groups that results from the interactions of individual group members as well to the study of the relationship between individual interactions and group level behaviors.

社会动力学social dynamics 是研究群体行为的科学，它是由群体成员个体的相互作用而产生的，也是研究个体的相互作用和群体层面的行为之间的关系。

Overview

概述

The field of social dynamics brings together ideas from economics, sociology, social psychology, and other disciplines, and is a sub-field of complex adaptive systems or complexity science. The fundamental assumption of the field is that individuals are influenced by one another's behavior. The field is closely related to system dynamics. Like system dynamics, social dynamics is concerned with changes over time and emphasizes the role of feedbacks. However, in social dynamics individual choices and interactions are typically viewed as the source of aggregate level behavior, while system dynamics posits that the structure of feedbacks and accumulations are responsible for system level dynamics. Research in the field typically takes a behavioral approach, assuming that individuals are boundedly rational and act on local information. Mathematical and computational modeling are important tools for studying social dynamics. This field grew out of work done in the 1940s by game theorists such as Duncan & Luce, and even earlier works by mathematician Armand Borel. Because social dynamics focuses on individual level behavior, and recognizes the importance of heterogeneity across individuals, strict analytic results are often impossible. Instead, approximation techniques, such as mean field approximations from statistical physics, or computer simulations are used to understand the behaviors of the system. In contrast to more traditional approaches in economics, scholars of social dynamics are often interested in non-equilibrium, or dynamic, behavior. That is, behavior that changes over time.

The field of social dynamics brings together ideas from economics, sociology, social psychology, and other disciplines, and is a sub-field of complex adaptive systems or complexity science. The fundamental assumption of the field is that individuals are influenced by one another's behavior. The field is closely related to system dynamics. Like system dynamics, social dynamics is concerned with changes over time and emphasizes the role of feedbacks. However, in social dynamics individual choices and interactions are typically viewed as the source of aggregate level behavior, while system dynamics posits that the structure of feedbacks and accumulations are responsible for system level dynamics. Research in the field typically takes a behavioral approach, assuming that individuals are boundedly rational and act on local information. Mathematical and computational modeling are important tools for studying social dynamics. This field grew out of work done in the 1940s by game theorists such as Duncan & Luce, and even earlier works by mathematician Armand Borel. Because social dynamics focuses on individual level behavior, and recognizes the importance of heterogeneity across individuals, strict analytic results are often impossible. Instead, approximation techniques, such as mean field approximations from statistical physics, or computer simulations are used to understand the behaviors of the system. In contrast to more traditional approaches in economics, scholars of social dynamics are often interested in non-equilibrium, or dynamic, behavior. That is, behavior that changes over time.

社会动力学领域汇集了经济学、社会学、社会心理学等学科的思想，是复杂适应系统或复杂性科学的一个子领域。该领域的基本假设是，个体受彼此行为的影响。该领域与系统动力学密切相关。与系统动力学一样，社会动力学关注随着时间的推移而发生的变化，并强调反馈的作用。然而，在社会动力学中，个体的选择和相互作用通常被视为总体行为的来源，而系统动力学则假定反馈和累积的结构是系统层面动态的原因。该领域的研究通常采取行为学方法，假设个体是有限理性的，并根据局部信息采取行动。数学和计算建模是研究社会动力学的重要工具。这个领域是在20世纪40年代邓肯和卢斯等博弈论家的工作，以及更早之前的数学家阿曼德 · 博雷尔的著作中发展起来的。由于社会动力学关注于个体层面的行为，并认识到个体之间异质性的重要性，严格的分析结果通常是不可能的。取而代之的是近似技术，如统计物理学中的 平均场近似mean field approximations ，或计算机模拟来理解系统的行为。与经济学中更为传统的方法相比，研究社会动力学的学者往往对非均衡或动态行为感兴趣。也就是说，行为会随着时间的推移而改变。

Topics

主题

• 社会网络 Social networks

• 创新的传播|技术和信息的传播 Diffusion of innovations|Diffusion of technologies and information

• 合作 Cooperation

• 社会准则 Social norms

See also

请参阅

• 复杂适应系统Complex adaptive system

• 复杂性科学Complexity science

• 集体智能 Collective intelligence

• 动力系统Dynamical systems

• Jay Wright Forrester

• 群体动力学 Group dynamics

• 运筹学 Operations research

• 人口动力学 Population dynamics

• 系统动力学 System dynamics

• 社会心理学 Social psychology

• 社会崩溃 Societal collapse

• 社会生物学 Sociobiology

• 社会文化演变 Sociocultural evolution

Notes

标注

References

参考

• Weidlich, W. (1997) "Sociodynamics applied to the evolution of urban and regional structures". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, Vol. 1, pp. 85–98.

Available online: http://www.hindawi.com/GetArticle.aspx?doi=10.1155/S1026022697000101.

Available online: http://www.hindawi.com/GetArticle.aspx?doi=10.1155/S1026022697000101.

可在线阅读: http://www.hindawi.com/getarticle.aspx?doi=10.1155/s1026022697000101。

Further reading

进一步阅读

• Easley, David; Klienberg, Jon (2010). Networks, Crowds, and Markets. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-19533-1. 

• Jackson, Matthew O. (2008). Social and Economic Networks. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13440-6. 

External links

外部链接

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• Introduction to Social Macrodynamics

• Club of Rome report, quote: "We must also keep in mind the presence of social delays--the delays necessary to allow society to absorb or to prepare for a change. Most delays, physical or social reduce the stability of the world system and increase the likelihood of the overshoot mode"

• Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems—Institute with research focusing on complexity and social dynamics.

• Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan—Center with research focusing on complexity and social dynamics.

• Social Dynamics course at the Kellogg School of Management.

• social-dynamics.org—Blog on Social Dynamics from Kellogg School of Management Social Dynamics Scholar

• https://archive.is/20020305021324/http://139.142.203.66/pub/www/Journal/vol3/iss2/art4/

• http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090628232019/http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~read/connectionism_preface2.html

• "Historical Dynamics in a Time of Crisis: Late Byzantium, 1204–1453" (discussion of social dynamics from the point of view of historical studies)

• Watts, D.J.

作者: Watts，d.j。; Strogatz, S.H.

2 = Strogatz，s.h. (1998

1998年). ""小世界"网络的集体动态". Nature. 393

393 (6684

6684): 440–442. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Natur.393..440W

1998/natur. 393. . 440 w 1998Natur.393..440W 1998/natur. 393. . 440 w]. doi:10.1038/30918. PMID [//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9623998

9623998 9623998 9623998]. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check |bibcode= length (help); Check |pmid= value (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= and |year= (help); Unknown parameter |日志= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |页数= ignored (help); line feed character in |author2= at position 15 (help); line feed character in |author= at position 12 (help); line feed character in |bibcode= at position 20 (help); line feed character in |issue= at position 5 (help); line feed character in |pmid= at position 8 (help); line feed character in |volume= at position 4 (help); line feed character in |year= at position 5 (help)

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Category:Systems theory

范畴: 系统论

Category:Social systems

类别: 社会系统

This page was moved from wikipedia:en:Social dynamics. Its edit history can be viewed at 社会动力学/edithistory