Peter Spirtes

个人简介

Peter Spirtes是卡内基梅隆大学的Marianna Brown Dietrich教授和哲学系主任。他的研究兴趣跨越多个基础学科，涉及哲学、统计学、图论和计算机科学。他的研究对一些需要从统计数据中进行因果推断的学科有着深刻的影响。

Peter Spirtes与Clark Glymour一起提出了最早的因果发现算法之一，即PC。他还发表了该领域广泛使用的参考书之一（"Causation, Prediction, and Search^[1]"）。他的工作表明，在某些情况下，有一些计算机程序可以在合理的假设下从实验或非实验数据，或两者的组合中，可靠地得出有用的因果结论。他目前的研究集中如何将因果科学的基础假设弱化，从而将结果的应用扩展到更广泛，更通用的场景中。同时，他也关注因果发现在大规模数据上的引用。

Peter Spirtes的研究对包括生物学在内的许多不同学科都有重要的理论和实践意义。在理论上，它帮助我们理解了概率和因果关系之间的关系，以及在各种不同的假设下，从各种数据中进行可靠的因果推断的确切限度是什么。在实践上，它为科学家提供了一个有用的工具，帮助他们建立因果模型。

代表工作

Spirtes, P., Zhang, J. (forthcoming) “A Uniformly Consistent Estimator of Causal Effects Under The k-Triangle-Faithfulness Assumption”, Statistical Science.

Spirtes, P., (2013) "Calculation of Entailed Rank Constraints in Partially Non-Linear and Cyclic Models", Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Conference Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-13), AUAI Press, 2013, pp. 606-615.

Ramsey, J., Spirtes, P, and Glymour, C. (2011) “On meta-analyses of imaging data and the mixture of records.” NeuroImage 57(2): 323-330.

Zhang, J., and Spirtes, P. (2011) "Intervention, Determinism, and the Causal Minimality Condition”, Synthese, 2011, 182:13, pp. 335-347.

Ali, A., Richardson, T., Spirtes, P. (2009) “Markov Equivalence For Ancestral Graphs”, Annals of Statistics, 37, 5B, 2808-2837.

Tillman, R., Gretton, A. and Spirtes, P. (2009) “Nonlinear directed acyclic structure learning with weakly additive noise models”, NIPS 2009.

Spirtes, P. (2009) "Variable Definition and Causal Inference", Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of Logic Methodology and Philosophy of Science, pp. 514-53.

Zhang, J., and Spirtes, P. (2009) "Detection of Unfaithfulness and Robust Causal Inference", Minds and Machines, 18:2, pp. 239-272.

Silva, R., Glymour, C., Scheines, R. and Spirtes, P. (2006) “Learning the Structure of Latent Linear Structure Models,” Journal of Machine Learning Research, 7, 191-246.

Ramsey, J., Zhang, J., and Spirtes, P., (2006) “Adjacency-Faithfulness and Conservative Causal Inference”, Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 2006, Boston, MA.

Spirtes, P. (2005) “Graphical Models, Causal Inference, and Econometric Models”, Journal of Economic Methodology. 2005 12:1, pp. 1–33.

Zhang, J., and Spirtes, P. (2005) “A Transformational Characterization of Markov Equivalence for Directed Acyclic Graphs with Latent Variables”, Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 2005, Edinboro, Scotland.

Ali, R., Richardson, T., Spirtes, P., and Zhang, J. (2005) “Towards Characterizing Markov Equivalence Classes for Directed Acyclic Graph Models with Latent Variables”, Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 2005, Edinboro, Scotland.

Spirtes, P., and Scheines, R. (2004). “Causal Inference of Ambiguous Manipulations”, in Proceedings of the Philosophy of Science Association Meetings, 2002.

Chu, T., Glymour, C., Scheines, R., Spirtes, P. (2003) “A Statistical Problem for Inference to Regulatory Structure from Associations of Gene Expression Measurements with Microarrays”, Bioinformatics, 19, pp. 1147-1152.

Robins, J., Scheines, R., Spirtes, P., and Wasserman, L. (2003). “Uniform Consistency in Causal Inference”, Biometrika, September, 90: pp. 491 – 515.

Zhang, J., and Spirtes, P. (2003) “Strong Faithfulness and Uniform Consistency in Causal Inference”, UAI '03, Proceedings of the 19th Conference in Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, August 7-10 2003, Acapulco, Mexico, ed. by Christopher Meek and Uffe Kjarulff, Morgan Kaufmann.

Richardson, T., Spirtes, P. (2002) “Ancestral Graph Markov Models”, Annals of Statistics, 2002, 30 pp. 962-1030.

Spirtes, P., Glymour, C. and Scheines, R. (2000). Causation, Prediction, and Search, 2nd ed. New York, N.Y.: MIT Press.

Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., and Scheines, R. (2000) Constructing Bayesian Network Models of Gene Expression Networks from Microarray Data, to appear in the Proceedings of the Atlantic Symposium on Computational Biology, Genome Information Systems & Technology.

Robins, J., Scheines, R., Spirtes, P., and Wasserman, L. (2000) Uniform Consistency in Causal Inference, Carnegie Mellon University Department of Statistics Technical Report 725.

Richardson, T., and Spirtes, P. (2000) Ancestral Markov Graphical Models, University of Washington Department of Statistics Technical Report 375.

Spirtes, P. (2000) An Anytime Algorithm for Causal Inference, to be presented at AI and Statistics 2001.

Spirtes, P. (1997). Limits on Causal Inference from Statistical Data, presented at American Economics Association Meeting.

Spirtes, P., Cooper, G. (1997). An Experiment in Causal Discovery Using a Pneumonia Database, Proceedings of AI and Statistics 99.

Spirtes, P., Richardson, T., Meek, C. (1997). The Dimensionality of Mixed Ancestral Graphs, Technical Report CMU-83-Phil.

Spirtes, P., Richardson, T., Meek, C., Scheines, R., and Glymour, C. (1997). Using Path Diagrams as a Structural Equation Modelling Tool, Technical Report CMU-82-Phil.

Scheines, R., Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., Meek, C., and Richardson, T. (forthcoming). The TETRAD Project: Constraint Based Aids to Causal Model Specification, Multivariate Behavioral Research

Spirtes, P., Glymour, C. and Scheines, R. (1993). Causation, Prediction, and Search, New York, N.Y.: Springer-Verlag.

Scheines, R. (forthcoming). An Introduction to Causal Inference, in Causality in Crisis, ed. by Steven Turner and Vaughan McKim, University of Notre Dame Press.

Spirtes, P., Richardson, T., Meek, C., Scheines, R., and Glymour, C., (1996). Using D-separation to Calculate Zero Partial Correlations in Linear Models with Correlated Errors, Technical Report CMU-72-Phil.

Spirtes, P., and Richardson, T. (1996). A Polynomial Time Algorithm For Determining DAG Equivalence in the Presence of Latent Variables and Selection Bias, Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics.

Spirtes, P., Richardson, T., and Meek, C. (1996). Heuristic Greedy Search Algorithms for Latent Variable Models, Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics.

Richardson, T., and Spirtes, P. (1996). Automated discovery of linear feedback models, Technical Report CMU-75-Phil.

Spirtes, P., and Scheines, R. (forthcoming). Reply to Freedman, in Causality in Crisis, ed. by Steven Turner and Vaughan McKim, University of Notre Dame Press.

Spirtes, P., Meek, C., and Richardson, T. (1996). Causal Inference in the Presence of Latent Variables and Selection Bias, Technical Report CMU-77-Phil.

Spirtes, P. (1995). Directed Cyclic Graphical Representation of Feedback Models, Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, ed. by Philippe Besnard and Steve Hanks, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., San Mateo, 1995.

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