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The revealed comparative advantage is an index used in international economics for calculating the relative advantage or disadvantage of a certain country in a certain class of goods or services as evidenced by trade flows. It is based on the Ricardian comparative advantage concept.

The revealed comparative advantage is an index used in international economics for calculating the relative advantage or disadvantage of a certain country in a certain class of goods or services as evidenced by trade flows. It is based on the Ricardian comparative advantage concept.

显示比较优势是国际经济学中用来计算某一国家在某一商品或服务类别中的相对优势或劣势的指数，以贸易流量为证。它基于李嘉图的比较优势概念。

It most commonly refers to an index, called the Balassa index, Comparative Advantage in Japan and the United States|journal=Journal of International Economic Integration|year=1989|volume=4|issue=2|pages=8–22|doi=10.11130/jei.1989.4.2.8 |jstor=23000034|doi-access=free}}</ref> In particular, the revealed comparative advantage of country [math]\displaystyle{ c }[/math] in product/commodity/good [math]\displaystyle{ p }[/math] is defined by:

[math]\displaystyle{ RCA_{cp} = \frac {E_{cp}/\sum_{p' \in P} E_{cp'}} {\sum_{c'\in C} E_{c'p}/\sum_{c'\in C, p'\in P}E_{c'p'}} }[/math], where:

It most commonly refers to an index, called the Balassa index, Comparative Advantage in Japan and the United States|journal=Journal of International Economic Integration|year=1989|volume=4|issue=2|pages=8–22|doi=10.11130/jei.1989.4.2.8 |jstor=23000034|doi-access=free}}</ref> In particular, the revealed comparative advantage of country c in product/commodity/good p is defined by:

RCA_{cp} = \frac {E_{cp}/\sum_{p' \in P} E_{cp'}} {\sum_{c'\in C} E_{c'p}/\sum_{c'\in C, p'\in P}E_{c'p'}}, where:

它通常指的是一种名为巴拉萨指数(Balassa index)的指数，这种指数在日本和美国都有比较优势国际经济一体化杂志Year = 1989 | 年 = 1989 | 体积 = 4 | 问题 = 2 | 页数 = 8-22 | Doi = 10.11130/jei.1989.4.2.8 | Jstor = 23000034 | 特别是,产品/商品/商品 p 中显示的 c 国比较优势定义如下:

E	Exports
c, c'	Country index
C	Set of countries
p,p'	Commodity index
P	Set of commodities

E	Exports
c, c'	Country index
C	Set of countries
p,p'	Commodity index
P	Set of commodities

出口 |-| c，c’| 国家指数 |-| C | 国家集合 |-| p，p’| 商品指数 |-| P | 商品集合

That is, the RCA is equal to the proportion of the country's exports that are of the class under consideration, [math]\displaystyle{ \frac{E_{cp}}{\sum_{p'}E_{cp'}} }[/math], divided by the proportion of world exports that are of that class, [math]\displaystyle{ \frac{\sum_{c'} E_{c'p}}{\sum_{c', p'} E_{c'p'}} }[/math].

That is, the RCA is equal to the proportion of the country's exports that are of the class under consideration, \frac{E_{cp}}{\sum_{p'}E_{cp'}}, divided by the proportion of world exports that are of that class, \frac{\sum_{c'} E_{c'p}}{\sum_{c', p'} E_{c'p'}}.

也就是说，RCA 等于该国出口在所考虑类别中所占的比例，除以该类别的世界出口所占的比例，分数为{ E _ { cp }{ sum _ { p’} E _ { c‘ p }{ sum _ { c’，p’} E _ { c‘ p’}。

A comparative advantage is "revealed" if RCA>1. If RCA is less than unity, the country is said to have a comparative disadvantage in the commodity or industry.

如果 rCA > 1，比较优势就会显示出来。如果 RCA 不够统一，那么这个国家在商品或工业方面就会处于相对劣势。

The concept of revealed comparative advantage is similar to that of economic base theory, which is the same calculation, but considers employment rather than exports.

揭示比较优势的概念与经济基础理论(economic base theory)类似，后者的计算方法相同，但考虑的是就业而非出口。

Example: in 2010, soybeans represented 0.35% of world trade with exports of $42 billion. Of this total, Brazil exported nearly $11 billion, and since Brazil's total exports for that year were $140 billion, soybeans accounted for 7.9% of Brazil's exports. Because 7.9/0.35 = 22, Brazil exports 22 times its "fair share" of soybean exports, and so we can say that Brazil has a high revealed comparative advantage in soybeans.

例如: 2010年，大豆占世界贸易的0.35% ，出口额为420亿美元。其中，巴西出口近110亿美元，由于巴西当年的出口总额为1400亿美元，大豆占巴西出口总额的7.9% 。因为7.9/0.35 = 22，巴西的大豆出口量是其“公平份额”的22倍，所以我们可以说巴西的大豆比较优势很高。

References

= 参考文献 =

Balassa, B. (1965), Trade Liberalisation and Revealed Comparative Advantage, The Manchester School, 33, 99-123.
Utkulu and Seymen (2004), Revealed Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness: Evidence for Turkey vis-à-vis the EU/15

Balassa, B. (1965), Trade Liberalisation and Revealed Comparative Advantage, The Manchester School, 33, 99-123.
Utkulu and Seymen (2004), Revealed Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness: Evidence for Turkey vis-à-vis the EU/15

巴拉萨

。(1965) ，《贸易自由化与启示比较优势》，曼彻斯特学院，33,99-123。
Utkulu and Seymen (2004) ，《揭示的比较优势和竞争力: 土耳其相对于欧盟的证据》/15

Obtain RCA for predefined Product Groups like SITC Revision 2 Groups, Sector classification based on HS or UNCTAD's Stages of processing in in WITS Indicators by Product Group page.

World Integrated Trade Solution, Calculate Revealed Comparative Advantage using UNSD COMTRADE data

Obtain RCA for predefined Product Groups like SITC Revision 2 Groups, Sector classification based on HS or UNCTAD's Stages of processing in in WITS Indicators by Product Group page.

World Integrated Trade Solution, Calculate Revealed Comparative Advantage using UNSD COMTRADE data

获取预先定义的产品组的 RCA，如 SITC 修订版2组，基于协调制度的部门分类或贸发会议的处理阶段，在 WITS 指标按产品组页面。

世界综合贸易解决方案，使用 UNSD 商品贸易数据计算显示的比较优势

Notes

Notes

笔记

Category:International trade theory

分类: 国际贸易理论

模板:Econ-stub

This page was moved from wikipedia:en:Revealed comparative advantage. Its edit history can be viewed at 显性比较优势/edithistory