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  • …new scientific paradigm".<ref>Bertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxi</ref> …as a new scientific paradigm".Bertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxi
    74 KB(8,006个字) - 2023年1月23日 (一) 22:29
  • …ns are employed, the theory is called [[discrete time|''discrete dynamical systems'']]. When the time variable runs over a set that is discrete over some inte …difference equations are employed, the theory is called discrete dynamical systems. When the time variable runs over a set that is discrete over some interval
    54 KB(5,714个字) - 2022年1月15日 (六) 12:53
  • …[[robotics]] domains, where they describe how actions affect the states of systems over time, and may be used for [[automated planning]].}} …em" is typically associated with intelligent agents and animats—artificial systems that exhibit complex behaviour in an agent environment.}}
    234 KB(31,718个字) - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:05
  • | 944540733 || 2020-03-08T13:23:54Z || David spector || <nowiki>/* Jerk systems */ Added Chua's circuit as basis for true random number generation</nowiki> | 944539167 || 2020-03-08T13:08:23Z || David spector || <nowiki>/* Jerk systems */ Added ref to chaotic circuit having no diodes</nowiki>
    518 KB(57,610个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 15:08
  • …almazelmélet axiomatikus felépítése (Axiomatic construction of general set theory)
    427 KB(49,934个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:19
  • …ia:Short description|short description]] from "Law of physics stating that systems spontaneously evolve towards states of higher entropy" to "Law of physics" …her entropy", overriding Wikidata description "law of physics stating that systems spontaneously evolve towards states of higher entropy" ([[Wikipedia:Shortde
    370 KB(42,373个字) - 2020年5月7日 (四) 12:03
  • …n|self-organizing]] life forms that interact with their environment. These systems are maintained by flowing [[information]], [[energy flow (ecology)|energy]] …ntists have proposed in the last few decades that a general living systems theory is required to explain the nature of [[life]].<ref>{{Cite book| last = Wood
    25 KB(2,262个字) - 2023年1月30日 (一) 19:28
  • …r definition is that [[organism]]s are [[Open system (thermodynamics)|open systems]] that maintain [[homeostasis]], are composed of [[Cell (biology)|cells]], …the definition of life. One popular definition is that organisms are open systems that maintain homeostasis, are composed of cells, have a life cycle, underg
    254 KB(29,754个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 18:18
  • …the first of several closely related theorems on the limitations of formal systems. They were followed by [[Tarski's undefinability theorem]] on the formal un …the first of several closely related theorems on the limitations of formal systems. They were followed by Tarski's undefinability theorem on the formal undefi
    217 KB(24,578个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:04
  • …|flows]] of [[matter]] or of [[energy]], either within a system or between systems. …acroscopic flows of matter or of energy, either within a system or between systems.
    118 KB(12,761个字) - 2022年6月1日 (三) 10:18
  • …| title = Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses | journal = Global Environmental Change | volume = 16 | issue = 3| …g a priority, although it could be argued that a significant amount of the theory has yet to be translated into practice. Despite this, there is a robust and
    180 KB(19,246个字) - 2022年1月19日 (三) 17:55
  • …2A02:120B:2C29:52E0:5452:2628:D239:F633 || <nowiki>/* Nonliving, physical systems */</nowiki> …46 || 2020-01-01T19:18:41Z || Pleasantville || <nowiki>/* top */ {{Complex systems}}</nowiki>
    195 KB(22,725个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 16:28
  • …ion is also used with [[scientific modelling]] of natural systems or human systems to gain insight into their functioning,<ref>In the words of the [http://www …ulation is also used with scientific modelling of natural systems or human systems to gain insight into their functioning, as in economics. Simulation can be
    191 KB(21,929个字) - 2020年10月27日 (二) 22:12
  • …e.bouchard || <nowiki>Optimal control is a very important topic in Control Theory, and the Reinforcement Learning wiki page links to it.</nowiki> …h of engineering and mathematics that deals with the behavior of dynamical systems with inputs, and how their behavior is modified by feedback" ([[Wikipedia:S
    147 KB(16,535个字) - 2020年5月7日 (四) 14:27
  • …together with the application of this knowledge to the design of man-made systems."</ref>
    20 KB(953个字) - 2020年9月26日 (六) 09:59
  • …24-6495}}</ref> or {{gli|attribute|attributes}} in the study of objects or systems in order to more closely attend to other details of interest;<ref name="abs …ed by keeping common features or attributes to various concrete objects or systems of study.<ref name="abstraction" />}}
    218 KB(30,012个字) - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:05
  • …manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using [[control loop]]s. It can range from a single home heating controller …ing a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large Industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines.
    50 KB(5,610个字) - 2022年6月12日 (日) 10:09
  • ==复杂社会系统中的危机:以智利事件为例的一个社会理论观点 (Crisis in complex social systems: A social theory view illustrated with the chilean case) == …ocial systems. A quest for connectivity of communication leads to increase systems' own robustness by constantly producing further connections. When some of…
    135 KB(12,045个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 22:02
  • …rst=Michael C.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1084643459|title=Critical systems thinking and the management of complexity : responsible leadership for a co …ds of stakeholders.Werner Ulrich (2003). A Brief Introduction to "Critical Systems Thinking for Professionals & Citizens"
    11 KB(1,073个字) - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:28
  • …ms- chemical compounds and reactions is a better explanation than chemical systems</nowiki> | 763648584 || 2017-02-04T11:44:54Z || Fmadd || <nowiki>TODO: chemical systems ... chemical reactions?</nowiki>
    512 KB(55,749个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 16:48
  • …Motive Power of Heat, and on the Laws which can be deduced from it for the Theory of Heat | publisher = Poggendorff's Annalen der Physik, LXXIX (Dover Reprin …MSAAAAIAAJ&q=On+an+Absolute+Thermometric+Scale+Founded+on+Carnot%E2%80%99s+Theory&pg=PA100
    91 KB(10,078个字) - 2022年5月4日 (三) 09:28
  • …4:42:19Z || Dreamy Jazz Bot || <nowiki>Adding link to [[Portal:Information theory]]. ([[User:Dreamy Jazz Bot/Task 2|Task 2]] - [[User talk:Dreamy Jazz|report | 875456116 || 2018-12-26T18:19:25Z || Fvultier || <nowiki>Information theory sidebar template.</nowiki>
    213 KB(24,243个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 14:46
  • …ermodynamics''' is a branch of [[thermodynamics]] that deals with physical systems that are not in [[thermodynamic equilibrium]] but can be described in terms …rium thermodynamics is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with physical systems that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium but can be described in terms of
    91 KB(10,045个字) - 2020年11月17日 (二) 20:15
  • …ther thermodynamic systems, or physical systems that are not thermodynamic systems. A wall of a thermodynamic system may be purely notional, when it is descri …ther thermodynamic systems, or physical systems that are not thermodynamic systems. A wall of a thermodynamic system may be purely notional, when it is descri
    86 KB(9,841个字) - 2022年6月1日 (三) 10:16
  • {{short description|Correlation between measurements of quantum subsystems, even when spatially separated}} |title=Discussion of probability relations between separated systems
    193 KB(21,542个字) - 2021年1月24日 (日) 21:45
  • …:MaximumPowerESL.gif|thumb|320px|right|Maximum Power Principle in [[Energy Systems Language]] adapted from Odum and Odum 2000, p. 38|链接=Special:FilePath/M …Laws of thermodynamics|principle of energetics]] in [[Open system (systems theory)|open system]] [[thermodynamics]], where an example of an open system is a
    36 KB(4,217个字) - 2022年3月23日 (三) 11:39
  • A market is a composition of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations or infrastructures whereby part …economic system as being coordinated by the price mechanism....in economic theory we find that the allocation of factors of production between different uses
    178 KB(19,982个字) - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:16
  • …tin || <nowiki>moved notes on strong Church Turing thesis to Computability theory section — excessive to include in lead and would be confusing to casual r …|| 2020-04-16T23:21:48Z || Jaydavidmartin || <nowiki>/* Quantum complexity theory */ removed parentheses and capitalization</nowiki>
    429 KB(49,006个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 17:12
  • …isms<ref>Grzegorz Rozenberg and Arto Salomaa. The mathematical theory of L systems (Academic Press, New York, 1980). {{ISBN|0-12-597140-0}}</ref> and can be… …r of plant cells and to model the growth processes of plant development. L-systems have also been used to model the morphology of a variety of organisms and…
    54 KB(6,635个字) - 2020年5月8日 (五) 13:40
  • …ife and consciousness appear to have strikingly comparable self-generating systems. What alternate structure would be the most probable if this assumption hol …tain a deeper knowledge of the self-generating structure of complex living systems, Swarma Club's scientist Xiaomuqiu (Qiu Weiyi) teamed forces with Zhou Liqi
    38 KB(5,242个字) - 2022年6月15日 (三) 19:45
  • …o design methodology,<ref>https://systemic-design.org/</ref> integrating [[systems thinking]] and [[human-centred design]], with the intention of helping desi …ign intends to develop methodologies and approaches that help to integrate systems thinking with design towards sustainability at the environmental, social an
    34 KB(3,670个字) - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:28
  • …tical biology focuses on the use of mathematical tools to study biological systems, even though the two terms are sometimes interchanged.<ref>{{cite journal… …tical biology focuses on the use of mathematical tools to study biological systems, even though the two terms are sometimes interchanged.
    75 KB(8,339个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:25
  • {{Short description|Subject of study in ergodic theory}} …articular, most [[dissipative system|non-dissipative]] systems) as well as systems in [[thermodynamic equilibrium]].
    46 KB(5,956个字) - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:31
  • {{Recommender systems}} …[consensus]], [[social capital]] and '''''formalisms''''' such as [[voting systems]], [[social media]] and other means of quantifying mass activity.<ref name=
    245 KB(27,545个字) - 2021年7月20日 (二) 17:39
  • …sion theory overlaps with [[proof theory]] and [[effective descriptive set theory]]. …recursion theory overlaps with proof theory and effective descriptive set theory.
    111 KB(13,210个字) - 2021年2月3日 (三) 23:25
  • …17 || 2020-01-01T19:13:55Z || Pleasantville || <nowiki>/* top */ {{Complex systems}}</nowiki> …2018-06-10T13:29:07Z || ATPhosphate || <nowiki>added nonlinear biological systems</nowiki>
    84 KB(9,461个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 16:13
  • …ServidorParalelo.jpg|thumb|right|[[#Queueing networks|Queue networks]] are systems in which single queues are connected by a routing network. In this image,… …ueue lengths and waiting time can be predicted.<ref name="sun" /> Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of [[operations research]] because the res
    66 KB(8,007个字) - 2022年6月14日 (二) 17:36
  • …020-04-29T03:02:35Z || TBarber57 || <nowiki>learning theory, and cognitive systems<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artificial_intelligence&acti …wiki>ordering categories according to official encyclopedic classification systems</nowiki>
    1.25 MB(146,427个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 18:28
  • …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …19-09-25T14:05:46Z || Ndcroos || <nowiki>/* Dissipative systems in control theory */</nowiki>
    24 KB(2,838个字) - 2020年5月7日 (四) 11:48
  • …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …19-09-25T14:05:46Z || Ndcroos || <nowiki>/* Dissipative systems in control theory */</nowiki>
    24 KB(2,838个字) - 2020年5月7日 (四) 16:54
  • == Relative Entropy in Biological Systems == …ilibrium in biological systems. The replicator equation, evolutionary game theory, Markov processes and chemical reaction networks all describe the dynamics
    79 KB(11,612个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 22:13
  • 标签:Complex Systems, Data Science …me Theory, Social Systems, Social Science, Agent-Based Modeling, Dynamical Systems
    53 KB(882个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 21:54
  • …with perturbations of the system itself. Variants of this notion apply to systems of [[ordinary differential equation]]s, [[vector field]]s on [[smooth manif …with perturbations of the system itself. Variants of this notion apply to systems of ordinary differential equations, vector fields on smooth manifolds and…
    23 KB(2,680个字) - 2021年11月17日 (三) 17:44
  • …ption|Scientific study of the Earth's spheres and their natural integrated systems}} …interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems.]]
    40 KB(4,607个字) - 2022年1月26日 (三) 21:41
  • The Organization of living systems * John Minger:《Selfproducing systems-- Implications and Applications of Autopoiesis》一书第二章
    80 KB(6,761个字) - 2020年10月21日 (三) 23:37
  • A '''dissipative system''' is a thermodynamically [[open system (systems theory)|open system]] which is operating out of, and often far from, [[thermodynam …breaking ([[anisotropy]]) and the formation of complex, sometimes [[Chaos theory|chaotic]], structures where interacting particles exhibit long range correl
    22 KB(2,237个字) - 2022年1月18日 (二) 17:17
  • …/fractalfoundation.org/resources/what-is-chaos-theory/|title=What is Chaos Theory? – Fractal Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-24}}</ref> [[蝴 …Stephen H. |title = In the Wake of Chaos: Unpredictable Order in Dynamical Systems |url = https://archive.org/details/inwakeofchaosunp0000kell |url-access =…
    93 KB(7,954个字) - 2020年7月18日 (六) 14:26
  • …nmental increase, resulting in a net increase in entropy. Examples of such systems and phenomena include the formation of typical crystals, the workings of a …nmental increase, resulting in a net increase in entropy. Examples of such systems and phenomena include the formation of typical crystals, the workings of a
    77 KB(9,110个字) - 2022年3月28日 (一) 03:19
  • In the mathematical theory of probability, the '''drift-plus-penalty method''' is used for optimizatio …method is used for optimization of queueing networks and other stochastic systems.
    102 KB(13,288个字) - 2022年6月14日 (二) 17:35
  • …{{Cite book|last=Miller, John H., and Scott E. Page|title=Complex adaptive systems : an introduction to computational models of social life|date=2007-01-01|pu …_whole_looks_at_complexity_theory_which_wants_to_understand.html|title=The Theory of Everything and Then Some|last=Auerbach|first=David|date=2016-01-19|work=
    35 KB(2,235个字) - 2020年11月21日 (六) 00:10
  • …16}}</ref>。系统由其时空边界所描述,被其所处环境包围并影响;系统也由其结构和目的所描述,表达为其功能。系统是'''系统理论 systems theory'''的研究对象。 …Media Research: Technology, Art and Communication: Critical Voices in Art, Theory and Culture
    23 KB(1,157个字) - 2022年4月18日 (一) 18:46
  • …071-1365|pmid=30287586}}</ref>它跨越了系统论和应用数学方法的领域,发展成为'''[[复杂系统生物学]] complex systems biology'''的一个分支。 …name=Voit01>{{cite book|last1=Voit|first1=Eberhard|title=A First Course in Systems Biology|date=2012|publisher=Garland Science|isbn=9780815344674}}</ref>
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  • …g pre-existing values. Any attempt to do so in a realistic hidden-variable theory leads to values that are dependent upon the choice of the other (compatible ….1088/1367-2630/13/11/113036|s2cid=17435105|issn=1367-2630}}</ref> [[graph theory]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cabello|first1=Adan|last2=Severini|first2=Simon
    75 KB(8,547个字) - 2022年10月12日 (三) 15:12
  • | 894222101 || 2019-04-26T12:31:57Z || 131.111.5.145 || <nowiki>/* Control theory */Full state feedback is not just simply pole placement, but can take other …-23T22:04:13Z || Shiftchange || <nowiki>add {{Complex systems}}, {{Complex systems topics}}</nowiki>
    182 KB(20,659个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 21:51
  • …7 || 2018-03-12T11:22:27Z || Bernd.Brincken || <nowiki>/* See also */ Game theory</nowiki> …| 2017-08-19T06:41:57Z || 203.3.109.194 || <nowiki>/* Study of multi-agent systems */</nowiki>
    59 KB(6,678个字) - 2020年5月9日 (六) 11:53
  • …ServidorParalelo.jpg|thumb|right|[[#Queueing networks|Queue networks]] are systems in which single queues are connected by a routing network. In this image,… …ueue lengths and waiting time can be predicted.<ref name="sun" /> Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of [[operations research]] because the res
    35 KB(4,924个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 17:01
  • …c.net/1/post/2018/12/the-syntellect-hypothesis-a-new-extension-to-the-gaia-theory.html ([[WP:TW|TW]])</nowiki> …elic.net/top-stories/the-syntellect-hypothesis-a-new-extension-to-the-gaia-theory</nowiki>
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  • {{Short description|Examining complex systems as a whole}} …stems thinking about the society.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|right|Impression of systems thinking about society]]
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  • {{Short description|systems with external interactions}} [[File:OpenSystemRepresentation.svg|thumb|252px|''Open [[system|systems]]'' have input and output flows, representing exchanges of matter, energy…
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  • Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their resource… Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their resource…
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  • …which they then translate into internal representations. Natural cognitive systems...participate in the generation of meaning ...engaging in transformational …which they then translate into internal representations. Natural cognitive systems...participate in the generation of meaning ...engaging in transformational
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  • …method,<ref>Berry B J & F Horton (1971) ''Geographic Perspectives on Urban Systems'', John Wiley, N-Y.</ref> applying it to most important cities in the world …of the method,Berry B J & F Horton (1971) Geographic Perspectives on Urban Systems, John Wiley, N-Y. applying it to most important cities in the world and exh
    136 KB(14,537个字) - 2022年1月19日 (三) 17:58
  • …e.g. bacteria quorum sensing and ant pheromone detection, and in synthetic systems, e.g. bimetallic nanorods and enzyme molecule chemotaxis. …e.g. bacteria quorum sensing and ant pheromone detection, and in synthetic systems, e.g. bimetallic nanorods and enzyme molecule chemotaxis.
    61 KB(6,563个字) - 2021年1月14日 (四) 18:33
  • …latory Case of LEGO | journal = Journal of the Association for Information Systems | volume = 15 | issue = 11 | pages = 754–778 | year = 2014 | url = http:/ …ic Web|semantic]] [[wiki]] and [[database]] Enipedia also publishes energy systems data using the concept of crowdsourced [[open data|open]] information. Enip
    247 KB(27,473个字) - 2022年1月15日 (六) 12:01
  • …t al., editors. The Tests of Time: Readings in the Development of Physical Theory. Princeton University Press, 2003, p. 412. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcm4 …t al., editors. The Tests of Time: Readings in the Development of Physical Theory. Princeton University Press, 2003, p. 412. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcm4
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  • …general structure for the growth of national economies as integrated urban systems.'' …ing these observations based on the theory of phase transitions in complex systems. We studied the link between spatial and temporal correlations of large-sca
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  • …ystems| title=Selected self-organization and the semiotics of evolutionary systems| year=1998| first=Luis M.| last=Rocha|pages=341–358|publisher=Springer, D …ric| last=Drexler| year=1986}}</ref> to distinguish macroscale replicating systems from the microscopic [[nanorobot]]s or "[[assembler (nanotechnology)|assemb
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  • …g trajectories of dynamical systems. The notion of deterministic dynamical systems assumes that the equations determining the dynamics do not contain any rand …y theory, is based on general notions of [[Measure (mathematics)|measure]] theory. Its initial development was motivated by problems of [[statistical physic
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  • …ight simulators, the flight computer in aircraft, and for teaching control systems in universities. Perhaps the most relatable example of analog computers are …veloped an electrically driven mechanical analog computer for fire-control systems, based on the differential analyser. It was used by the Imperial Russian Na
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  • …03-21T20:36:31Z || AnomieBOT || <nowiki>Rescuing orphaned refs ("Boeing2016Systems" from rev 931294644)</nowiki> | 927800679 || 2019-11-24T21:54:27Z || 193.60.94.9 || <nowiki>/* Control theory */</nowiki>
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  • …03-21T20:36:31Z || AnomieBOT || <nowiki>Rescuing orphaned refs ("Boeing2016Systems" from rev 931294644)</nowiki> | 927800679 || 2019-11-24T21:54:27Z || 193.60.94.9 || <nowiki>/* Control theory */</nowiki>
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  • …03-21T20:36:31Z || AnomieBOT || <nowiki>Rescuing orphaned refs ("Boeing2016Systems" from rev 931294644)</nowiki> | 927800679 || 2019-11-24T21:54:27Z || 193.60.94.9 || <nowiki>/* Control theory */</nowiki>
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  • …url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemical-engineering/multi-agent-systems | access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref>上。 …ed information infrastructure for disaster management |journal=Intelligent Systems for Crisis Management |pages=349–355 |date=2013|display-authors=etal|doi=
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  • …uthor1=Thomas M. Cover|author2=Joy A. Thomas|title=Elements of Information Theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWq5GG6ycxMC=PT16|year=2012|publisher …Gikhman|author2=Anatoly Vladimirovich Skorokhod|title=Introduction to the Theory of Random Processes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJyLzG7N7r8C|year
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  • …]. The development of thermodynamics both drove and was driven by [[atomic theory]]. It also, albeit in a subtle manner, motivated new directions in [[probab …ion. The development of thermodynamics both drove and was driven by atomic theory. It also, albeit in a subtle manner, motivated new directions in probabilit
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  • …facilitated in biological systems by horizontal transmission and in social systems by active spreading strategies of infected individuals.'' …tives and feedback mechanisms that foster the ability of complex dynamical systems to self-organize and lead to a more resilient society and sustainable econo
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  • {{About|natural ecosystems|the term used in man-made systems|Digital ecosystem|the system of classifying ecologically homogeneous land… {{Redirect|Biosystem|the journal|BioSystems}}
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  • …General Features of Complex Systems"].Yaneer, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. Retrieved 16 September.</ref>。因此,复杂系统可以看作是'''还
    47 KB(2,634个字) - 2020年7月21日 (二) 10:11
  • …tems]], [[political system|political systems]], [[cultural system|cultural systems]], etc. …tems, such as economic systems, legal systems, political systems, cultural systems, etc.
    29 KB(3,225个字) - 2020年10月27日 (二) 23:04
  • …sed approach], Proc IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, p. 202-208, Poznan, 1994</ref> …chapter=Smart Robots|title=Smart Robots: A Handbook of Intelligent Robotic Systems|last=Hunt|first=V. Daniel|publisher=Chapman and Hall|year=1985|page=141|isb
    213 KB(24,580个字) - 2020年5月7日 (四) 15:02
  • …8-04-15T09:05:40Z || Agor153 || <nowiki>/* Phase transitions in biological systems */ format</nowiki> …8-04-15T09:01:21Z || Agor153 || <nowiki>/* Phase transitions in biological systems */ fluctuations and correlations in ecological crises</nowiki>
    135 KB(15,111个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 22:25
  • …ut|decision making as analyzed in psychology|a broader discipline|Decision theory}} …sbn=978-0805832679 |oclc=44775038 |chapter-url=http://www.its.caltech.edu/~theory/Godfrey-Smith.pdf}}</ref> Studies done at the [[University of Colorado]] ha
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  • …le system theory]] (VST) which models autonomous social [[complex adaptive systems]]. It can be used to model the relationship between an agency and its envi …oston Studies in the Philosophy of Science</ref> which explains why living systems actually live. However, Beer did not make general use of the concept in his
    28 KB(2,976个字) - 2022年5月16日 (一) 09:28
  • …ol algorithm is not generally needed to provide adequate control of simple systems, which are often controlled well by generic [[PID controller]]s. Common dyn …ol algorithm is not generally needed to provide adequate control of simple systems, which are often controlled well by generic PID controllers. Common dynamic
    60 KB(7,030个字) - 2022年7月30日 (六) 14:03
  • …vanced statistics.|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/systemsanalysisf00wet_ev9}}</ref> …[[data envelopment analysis]], [[neural networks]], [[Expert System|expert systems]], [[decision analysis]], and the [[analytic hierarchy process]].<ref>{{cit
    73 KB(7,133个字) - 2023年1月21日 (六) 17:48
  • …. The net result is that much of the sophisticated organization of complex systems may go undetected. '' …ptation, the opposite of that predicted by standard molecular evolutionary theory. We argue that this observation is most likely due to the existence of a co
    44 KB(6,437个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 21:27
  • …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …ption|short description]]: "A holistic approach to the study of ecological systems" ([[User:Galobtter/Shortdesc helper|Shortdesc helper]])</nowiki>
    24 KB(2,857个字) - 2020年5月7日 (四) 14:14
  • …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …ption|short description]]: "A holistic approach to the study of ecological systems" ([[User:Galobtter/Shortdesc helper|Shortdesc helper]])</nowiki>
    24 KB(2,857个字) - 2020年5月7日 (四) 14:15
  • …3Z || Funandtrvl || <nowiki>removed [[Category:Systems]]; added [[Category:Systems science]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]]</nowiki> …defined. To do this properly, distinction between hard and soft complexity theory has also been introduced.</nowiki>
    70 KB(8,190个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 16:37
  • …on|Fundamental physics principle stating that physical solutions of linear systems are linear}} {{About|the superposition principle in linear systems|other uses|Superposition (disambiguation)}}
    49 KB(4,935个字) - 2021年1月26日 (二) 20:54
  • …itle = The Representation of Biological Systems from the Standpoint of the Theory of Categories | url = | journal = Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics | vol ….G., Menezes, P.B.:(2004). Composition of Transformations: A Framework for Systems with Dynamic Topology. ''International Journal of Computing Anticipatory Sy
    20 KB(1,710个字) - 2020年12月27日 (日) 22:33
  • {{economic systems sidebar|by coordination}} …book|last=Gregory and Stuart|first=Paul & Robert|title=Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century|edition=7th|publisher=George Hoffman|year=2004|
    101 KB(10,867个字) - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:20
  • '''Social impact theory''' was created by [[Bibb Latané]] in 1981 and consists of four basic rules Social impact theory was created by Bibb Latané in 1981 and consists of four basic rules which
    52 KB(5,760个字) - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:23
  • …al Information Processing Systems |publisher=Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) Foundation |volume=21 |pages=545–552 |url=https://papers.nips.cc/p …s.pdf |journal=Electronic Proceedings of the Neural Information Processing Systems Conference |volume=27 |pages=5346 |arxiv=1409.3215 |bibcode=2014arXiv1409.3
    115 KB(13,540个字) - 2022年7月4日 (一) 10:50
  • …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …and Humans → IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans</nowiki>
    87 KB(10,061个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 15:42
  • …is closely related to similar processes, as program management cycle or [[systems development life cycle]], and has similar properties to those found in the …ss is closely related to similar processes, as program management cycle or systems development life cycle, and has similar properties to those found in the pr
    24 KB(2,527个字) - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:30
  • …in, using a large digital computer|journal=IRE Transactions on Information Theory|year=1956|volume=2|pages=80–93|issue=3}}</ref>.
    161 KB(15,469个字) - 2022年1月9日 (日) 12:11
  • …elay and in-group favor |journal=Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=57–83 |doi=10.1007/s10588-008-9024-4}}</ref> A …ystems in general has been grouped under the heading of "[[general systems theory]]", particularly by [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy]], [[Anatol Rapoport]], [[Ralp
    15 KB(1,538个字) - 2021年1月20日 (三) 10:48
  • …their own strategy.<ref name="Osborne">{{Cite book |title=A Course in Game Theory |last=Osborne |first=Martin J. |last2=Rubinstein |first2=Ariel |date=12 Jul …过改变自己的策略就能得到额外任何好处。<ref name="Osborne">{{Cite book |title=A Course in Game Theory |last=Osborne |first=Martin J. |last2=Rubinstein |first2=Ariel |date=12 Jul
    104 KB(10,716个字) - 2021年12月25日 (六) 21:11

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