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{{short description|Arrangement of the elements of a communication network}} …ectrical networks|Topology (electrical circuits)|the topology of transport networks|Transport topology}}

…lytics|social networking sites|social networking service|other uses|Social network (disambiguation)}} {{short description|Analysis of social structures using network and graph theory}}

{{short description|Artificial neural network}} {{Machine learning|Artificial neural network}}

{{Distinguish|recursive neural network}} {{Machine learning|Artificial neural network}}

…趣的部分下面，写上姓名。我们的协作方式是石墨文档上翻译，最后再编辑成文。 对应的词条链接：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_motif#Well-established_motifs_and_their_functions {{Network Science}}

…iders the situation where each job can visit multiple service nodes in the network. It is an extension of [[max-weight scheduling]] where each job visits onl …iders the situation where each job can visit multiple service nodes in the network. It is an extension of max-weight scheduling where each job visits only a

{{defn|In {{gli|artificial neural network|artificial neural networks}}, the activation function of a node defines the output of that node given {{ghat|Also '''adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system'''.}}

…iders the situation where each job can visit multiple service nodes in the network. It is an extension of [[max-weight scheduling]] where each job visits onl …bile ad hoc networks ([[Mobile ad hoc network|MANETS]]), and heterogeneous networks with wireless and wireline components.<ref name=tass-radio-nets>L. Tassiul

…mber 2014 |title=The structural-functional connectome and the default mode network of the human brain |journal=NeuroImage |volume=102 Pt 1 |pages=142–51 |do …PAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|n|ɛ|k|t|oʊ|m}}) is a comprehensive map of [[Biological neural network|neural connections]] in the [[brain]], and may be thought of as its "[[wiri

Two broad methods in unsupervised learning are [[neural networks]] and [[Probabilistic methods in artificial intelligence|probabilistic met Two broad methods in unsupervised learning are neural networks and probabilistic methods.

…ork Analysis: Methods and Applications |isbn=9780521387071 |chapter=Social Network Analysis in the Social and Behavioral Sciences |pages=1–27 |publisher=Cam …..892B |citeseerx=10.1.1.536.5568 }}</ref><ref name="EK">{{cite book|title=Networks, Crowds, and Markets: Reasoning about a Highly Connected World |first1=Dav

…ion to [[optimal control]] in [[Queueing_theory#Queueing_networks|queueing networks]]. …al systems. It gives an example application to optimal control in queueing networks.

…orks one typically tries to obtain the [[equilibrium distribution]] of the network, although in many applications the study of the [[transient state]] is fund …ueue lengths and waiting time can be predicted.<ref name="sun" /> Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of [[operations research]] because the res

[[File:Colored_neural_network.svg.png|thumb|300px|人工神经网络是一组互相连接的节点，与[ …etworks-as-models-of-neural-information-processing|title=Artificial Neural Networks as Models of Neural Information Processing, Frontiers Research Topic|langu

==复杂社会系统中的危机：以智利事件为例的一个社会理论观点 （Crisis in complex social systems: A social theory view illustrated with the chilean case） == …as endogenously driven structural transitions of the information transfer network. This study provides results that can help define models and predictive alg

…Path/Real-time-classification-and-sensor-fusion-with-a-spiking-deep-belief-network-Movie1.ogv]] …to find a target in an unknown terrain.|链接=Special:FilePath/Spiking_Neural_Network_Controlled_Virtual_Insect_Navigate_in_an_Random_Terrain.ogv]]

…ring mechanisms of spontaneous functional connectivity in MEG: how delayed network interactions lead to structured amplitude envelopes of band-pass filtered… …ys an important role in the generation of alpha activity. In a whole-brain network model with realistic anatomical connectivity and propagation delays between

…the '''drift-plus-penalty method''' is used for optimization of [[queueing network]]s and other [[stochastic system]]s. …bility, the drift-plus-penalty method is used for optimization of queueing networks and other stochastic systems.

…ing their effects on the system as a whole. It combines elements of [[game theory]], [[complex systems]], [[emergence]], [[computational sociology]], [[multi {{term|[[automata theory]]}}

…型。” <ref name="NRC">{{cite book|title=Network Science |author=Committee on Network Science for Future Army Applications |publisher=National Research Council… …图与无限图的理论 ''Theory of finite and infinite graphs''》。 <ref>{{cite book|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs |author=Dénes Kőnig|publisher=Birkhäuser B

…equation, evolutionary game theory, Markov processes and chemical reaction networks all describe the dynamics of a population or probability distribution. Und == Temporal Network Analysis of Literary Texts ==

…sics-informed nerural networks.png|thumb|upright=3|Physics-informed neural networks for solving Navier–Stokes equations|307x307px]] …on approximation. This way, embedding this prior information into a neural network results in enhancing the information content of the available data, facilit

所有网络，包括生物网络 biological networks、社交网络 social networks、技术网络（例如计算机网络和电路）等，都可以用图的 …aghi MK Z |title=Building Blocks of Biological Networks: A Review on Major Network Motif Discovery Algorithms |journal=IET Systems Biology |volume=6 |issue=5

…ral network|network]] effects). To accelerate the convergence to a unified theory, we list several models in each category, and where applicable, also refere …f many cells (network effects). To accelerate the convergence to a unified theory, we list several models in each category, and where applicable, also refere

…ation flow. We also address an auxiliary consequence: The proliferation of networks as a now-common theoretical model for large-scale systems, in concert with == The angular nature of road networks ==

''Network Science / Volume 4 / Issue 02 / June 2016, pp 141-163'' …udy, we arrive at a basic model explaining these observations based on the theory of phase transitions in complex systems. We studied the link between spatia

…法：采集Twitter上的全球趋势（Towards a standard sampling methodology on online social networks: collecting global trends on Twitter） == …ed to collect and summarize data. Sampling the content of an Online Social Network (OSN) plays an important role as a knowledge discovery tool.''

…法：采集Twitter上的全球趋势（Towards a standard sampling methodology on online social networks: collecting global trends on Twitter） == …ed to collect and summarize data. Sampling the content of an Online Social Network (OSN) plays an important role as a knowledge discovery tool.''

…orks one typically tries to obtain the [[equilibrium distribution]] of the network, although in many applications the study of the [[transient state]] is fund …ueue lengths and waiting time can be predicted.<ref name="sun" /> Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of [[operations research]] because the res

…70901520 || 2018-11-27T18:12:31Z || 190.131.192.138 || <nowiki>/* Criminal networks */</nowiki> | 823924084 || 2018-02-04T06:56:26Z || NetworkScholar || <nowiki>Adding a reference</nowiki>

A dominant theory of explaining the self-organized division of labor in social insect societi A dominant theory of explaining the self-organized division of labor in social insect societi

…ion to [[optimal control]] in [[Queueing_theory#Queueing_networks|queueing networks]]. …rol a dynamical system. Lyapunov functions are used extensively in control theory to ensure different forms of system stability. The state of a system at a…

…ldcat.org/oclc/39210116|title=Information rules : a strategic guide to the network economy|date=1999|publisher=Harvard Business School Press|others=Varian, Ha

…lds developed largely independently, but 20th-century studies of [[systems theory]] and [[cybernetics]] combined with spreading use of computers across all… …ields developed largely independently, but 20th-century studies of systems theory and cybernetics combined with spreading use of computers across all those…

…the continuous variation aspect of physical phenomena such as [[Electrical network|electrical]], [[Mechanics|mechanical]], or [[Hydraulics|hydraulic]] quantit …ems in nuclear physics and in the design of structures. More than 50 large network analyzers were built by the end of the 1950s.

…ior/|title=The Difference Between Information Cascades and Herd Behavior : Networks Course blog for INFO 2040/CS 2850/Econ 2040/SOC 2090|access-date=2019-04-1 …onal cascade is a phenomenon described in behavioral economics and network theory in which a number of people make the same decision in a sequential fashion.

…t3=Ali|date=2014-10-07|title=Advanced Fault Diagnosis Methods in Molecular Networks|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=9|issue=10|pages=e108830|doi=10.1371/journal.pone. …络中有多么靠近中心位置<ref name="Proulx">{{cite journal |author= Proulx, S.R. |title= Network thinking in ecology and evolution |journal= Trends in Ecology and Evolution

…ut|decision making as analyzed in psychology|a broader discipline|Decision theory}} …sbn=978-0805832679 |oclc=44775038 |chapter-url=http://www.its.caltech.edu/~theory/Godfrey-Smith.pdf}}</ref> Studies done at the [[University of Colorado]] ha

…g and understanding the structure, resilience and the evolution of spatial networks is crucial for many different fields ranging from urbanism to epidemiology

…of Memristive Threshold Logic Circuits|journal=IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems|volume=PP|issue=99|pages=1734–1746|doi=10.1109/TNNL …ored. Oscillating activation functions can improve gradient flow in neural networks and allow functions to be learnt with fewer neurons. For example the bipol

{{Network Science}} …structure]], reciprocity is a quantitative measure used to study [[complex network]]s.

…y]], [[physics]], [[sociology]], [[economics]], [[computer science]], etc. Networked systems are typically characterized as [[complex systems]] consisting of …biology, chemistry, physics, sociology, economics, computer science, etc. Networked systems are typically characterized as complex systems consisting of many

…the '''drift-plus-penalty method''' is used for optimization of [[queueing network]]s and other [[stochastic system]]s. …stabilizing a queueing network while also minimizing the time average of a network penalty function. It can be used to optimize performance objectives such…

…r |first2=Asuman |date=2010 |title=Opinion Dynamics and Learning in Social Networks |doi=10.1007/s13235-010-0004-1 |journal=Dynamic Games and Applications |vo …w agents process the information received from their friends in the social network. Some of the main questions asked in the literature include:

…rticularly, we can view rumor spread as a [[stochastic process]] in social networks. …s, there has been a growing interest in rumor propagation in Online social networks problems where different approaches have been proposed to investigate it.

…ime varying input into a [[spatio-temporal pattern]] of activations in the network nodes. The spatio-temporal patterns of activation are read out by [[Linear …he time varying input into a spatio-temporal pattern of activations in the network nodes. The spatio-temporal patterns of activation are read out by linear di

…01-01|location=London|pages=1|language=English|chapter=Chapter 01: What is networking?}}</ref> …ed by networking meetings, social media, personal networking, and business networking.

…economic system as being coordinated by the price mechanism....in economic theory we find that the allocation of factors of production between different uses …economic system as being coordinated by the price mechanism....in economic theory we find that the allocation of factors of production between different uses

…century, much of the study of social contagion involves [[Internet|online networks]] and [[Online community|communities]].]] …or conditions spreading spontaneously through a group or [[Social network|network]]. The phenomenon has been discussed by [[Social sciences|social scientists

…supervised_learninghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_learning#Deep_neural_networks 半监督]，或者是[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsupervised_learning …fry|date=2012|title=ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks|url=https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/imagenet_classification_with_deep_con

{{short description|Neuroscientific theory}} …lso called '''Hebb's rule''', '''Hebb's postulate''', and '''cell assembly theory'''. Hebb states it as follows:

…Bressler|first1=Steven L.|last2=Menon|first2=Vinod|title=Large scale brain networks in cognition: emerging methods and principles|journal=Trends in Cognitive …sler2">{{cite journal|last1=Bressler|first1=Steven L.|title=Neurocognitive networks|journal=Scholarpedia|volume=3|issue=2|pages=1567|doi=10.4249/scholarpedia.

…almazelmélet axiomatikus felépítése (Axiomatic construction of general set theory) [[Class (set theory)]]|

|keywords=图论,Graph theory,图网络 '''图论 Graph theory'''是指研究图和网络的数学分支，常被认为是'''组合数学

…ytype2=tf_ipsecsha Bejan, A., & Marden, J. H. (2006). Unifying constructal theory for scale effects in running, swimming and flying. Journal of Experimental …ayes.wustl.edu/etj/articles/theory.1.pdf Jaynes, E. T. (1957). Information theory and statistical mechanics. Physical review, 106(4), 620.]

…The crucial prerequisite is the use of the open call format and the large network of potential laborers.</blockquote> …The crucial prerequisite is the use of the open call format and the large network of potential laborers.

| fields = [[Cybernetics]]<br>[[Artificial neural network]]<br>[[Neuropsychology]]<br>[[Biophysics]]<br>[[Computer Science]] …rocesses in the brain and the other focused on the application of [[neural networks]] to [[artificial intelligence]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=McCulloch|first=

…cial intelligence" is published. In the October of 2016, the symposium on "Network, geometry, and machine learning" jointly organized by Kai-feng foundation, …n Science" which is held in 2015, Nanjing. And also we held the symposium "Network, Geometry, and Machine Learning" which is supported by the Kaifeng funding

'''无标度网络 scale-free network'''是一种[[度分布]]（即对复杂网络中节点度数的总体描述 …1ea-991e-0242ac1a0005 "Structure and tie strengths in mobile communication networks"].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, doi:10.1073/pnas.061024

…elay and in-group favor |journal=Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=57–83 |doi=10.1007/s10588-008-9024-4}}</ref> A …ystems in general has been grouped under the heading of "[[general systems theory]]", particularly by [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy]], [[Anatol Rapoport]], [[Ralp

…e quickly than a beneficial mutation. Second, in an epidemiological social network approach, we show that infections that cause increased connectivity lead to …nologies play a crucial role in this process, as Web 2.0 and online social networks promote cooperation and collaboration on unprecedented scales.

…te web|url=http://systemic-design.net/sdrn/|title=Systemic Design Research Network « Systemic Design|website=systemic-design.net|access-date=18 April 2018|ar …eloped within the design practice and through the Systemic Design Research Network, focusing on different aspects of the issue. Different academic groups have

…ess Theory into the Dynamic Evolution of a Venture Capital Network. Social Network. …, Xiaoming, Luo, Jar-Der and Margret Boos (Eds.), Interdisciplinary Social Network Analysis, Chapter 4:73-104. NY: Taylor & Francis Group.

[[File:Network_representation_of_brain_connectivity.jpg|thumb|right|图1：大脑连接性

已由[[用户:Yillia Jing]]进行初步翻译，已由[[用户:Flipped]]进行审校。{{Information theory}} …th>. The circle on the left (red and violet) is the [[Entropy (information theory)|individual entropy]] <math>H(X)</math>, with the red being the [[condition

…entrality, dynamic motifs, and cycles of social interactions.] In Adaptive Networks (pp. 39-50). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.</ref>

…s a branch of [[descriptive statistics]] by some, but also as a [[grounded theory]] development tool by others. Increased amounts of data created by Internet …values. Fermat and [[Blaise Pascal]]'s work on statistics and probability theory laid the groundwork for what we now conceptualize as data.<ref name="Spring

…conometrics|econometric methods]], [[data envelopment analysis]], [[neural networks]], [[Expert System|expert systems]], [[decision analysis]], and the [[anal …oblems involving complex decisions ([[problem of points]]) by using [[Game theory|game-theoretic]] ideas and [[Expected value|expected values]]; others, such

…g a priority, although it could be argued that a significant amount of the theory has yet to be translated into practice. Despite this, there is a robust and …g a priority, although it could be argued that a significant amount of the theory has yet to be translated into practice. Despite this, there is a robust and

…神经元网络。Wilson和 Cowan<ref name=":1">H R Wilson and J D Cowan. A mathematical theory of the functional dynamics of cortical and thalamic nervous tissue. Kyberne …09</ref> 和 Bressloff <ref name=":6">P C Bressloff. Stochastic neural field theory and the system-size expansion. SIAM J. Applied Mathematics, 70:1488-1521,…

…, which must account for the peculiar characteristics of life. Then system theory, with the development of concepts such as feedback, homeostasis, and open… …membrane, with their external medium. It is a dynamic, integrated chemical network of incredible sophistication (see for example Alberts et al.,1989; Raven an

…0px|缩略图|右|小世界网络的例子 中心比其他节点大 平均[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(graph_theory) 度]3.833 平均最短路径长度1.803 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clu …le:第二个图.png|200px|缩略图|右|随机图 平均[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(graph_theory) 度]2.833 平均最短路径长度2.109 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clu

{{Short description|Information systems user theory}} …nformation systems|information system]] and subsequent usage behavior. The theory holds that there are four key constructs:

…in) clustering on flows. Computational methods such as [[artificial neural networks]] can also estimate spatial interaction relationships among locations and …igin) clustering on flows. Computational methods such as artificial neural networks can also estimate spatial interaction relationships among locations and ca

* [https://campus.swarma.org/course/2492 Hegel, Marx, Value Theory | 宏观金融读书会第 3 期] 主讲人薛晓明 * Financial stability in networks of financial institutions and market infrastructures

…hael I. |last1=Jordan |first2=Christopher M. |last2=Bishop |chapter=Neural Networks |editor=Allen B. Tucker |title=Computer Science Handbook, Second Edition… [[Generative adversarial networks]] can also be used with supervised learning, though they can also be appli

…archers Pierre Lévy and [[Derrick de Kerckhove]], it refers to capacity of networked [[ICTs]] (Information communication technologies) to enhance the collecti …researchers Pierre Lévy and Derrick de Kerckhove, it refers to capacity of networked ICTs (Information communication technologies) to enhance the collective…

…tion|least action principle]]. When difference equations are employed, the theory is called [[discrete time|''discrete dynamical systems'']]. When the time… …s of a least action principle. When difference equations are employed, the theory is called discrete dynamical systems. When the time variable runs over a se

…4:42:19Z || Dreamy Jazz Bot || <nowiki>Adding link to [[Portal:Information theory]]. ([[User:Dreamy Jazz Bot/Task 2|Task 2]] - [[User talk:Dreamy Jazz|report | 875456116 || 2018-12-26T18:19:25Z || Fvultier || <nowiki>Information theory sidebar template.</nowiki>

==平衡理论Balance theory== {{Main|Balance theory}}

* Recent development of mathematical tools such as [[chaos theory]] to help understand complex, non-linear mechanisms in biology * Recent development of mathematical tools such as chaos theory to help understand complex, non-linear mechanisms in biology

…d to promote civic competence|Social studies|the social-political-economic theory first pioneered by Karl Marx|Scientific socialism}} …ociology of [[Max Weber]] firmly demanded this distinction. In this route, theory (description) and prescription were non-overlapping formal discussions of…

…bilistic algorithms is this value mathematically grounded in [[probability theory]]. Non-probabilistic confidence values can in general not be given any spec …ates as closely as possible" needs to be defined rigorously. In [[decision theory]], this is defined by specifying a [[loss function]] or cost function that

…last=Casti |first=J |year=1999 |title=The Computer as Laboratory: Toward a Theory of Complex Adaptive Systems |journal=Complexity |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=1

# 分享二：Neural Dynamics on Complex Networks（臧承熙） # 分享十二：Temporal attention recurrent graph neural network（陈昱中）

…ear=2006|last1=Donoho|first1=D.L.|journal=IEEE Transactions on Information Theory|volume=52|issue=4|pages=1289–1306}}</ref> This idea is the basis of compr …h>L^1</math>-norm was used in [[computational statistics]]. In statistical theory, the <math>L^1</math>-norm was used by [[George W. Brown (academic)|George

…last=Casti |first=J |year=1999 |title=The Computer as Laboratory: Toward a Theory of Complex Adaptive Systems |journal=Complexity |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=1 …Emergence and communication in computational sociology]." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 43.1 (2013): 87-110.</ref>

…多用于衡量中心性的术语都反映出了它们的社会学起源。<ref name="NewmanNetworks">Newman, M.E.J. 2010. ''Networks: An Introduction.'' Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.</ref>中心性不 …Stephen P.|year= 2005 |title= Centrality and Network Flow |journal=Social Networks |volume= 27|issue= |pages= 55–71|doi=10.1016/j.socnet.2004.11.008 |url=

…d interact with other people through processes like [[mentalization]] or [[theory of mind]].<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|last1=Schilbach|first1=Leonhard|la …and and interact with other people through processes like mentalization or theory of mind. Given that it relies on measuring brain activity, neural synchrony

…i|first2=Caterina|last3=Capobianco|first3=Enrico|date=2017|title=Multitype Network-Guided Target Controllability in Phenotypically Characterized Osteosarcoma: 考虑'''复杂网络 Complex Network'''上的经典线性时不变动力学

…Stephen P.|year= 2005 |title= Centrality and Network Flow |journal=Social Networks |volume= 27|issue= |pages= 55–71|doi=10.1016/j.socnet.2004.11.008 |url=

…Xiao-Yong Yan, Tao Zhou*. Destination choice game: A spatial interaction theory on human mobility. Scientific Reports. 2019, 9: 9466. (IF:4.011) ==== 网络结构与动力学 Structure and dynamics of complex networks ====

…. |last2=Miller |first2=J.H. |title=Artificial Adaptive Agents in Economic Theory |year=1991 |journal=American Economic Review |volume=81 |issue=2 |pages=365 …ramework for Modeling Complex Adaptive Systems using Agent-based & Complex Network-based Methods [https://www.springer.com/biomed/neuroscience/book/978-94-007

…s F, Kitsak M, Serrano M Á, et al. Popularity versus similarity in growing networks[J]. Nature, 2012, 489(7417): 537-540.

…01, [http://vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/pub/networks/doc/Seminar/Krebs.pdf Mapping networks of terrorist cells], Connections 24, 43–52.</ref>

…{cite journal | vauthors = Hoyle T | title = The digestive system: linking theory and practice | journal = British Journal of Nursing | volume = 6 | issue = …S, Angusti A, Manfredini S | title = The antioxidants and pro-antioxidants network: an overview | journal = Current Pharmaceutical Design | volume = 10 | issu

…ar=2005|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-642-14278-9|url=http://diestel-graph-theory.com/}}</ref><ref>{{citation In the mathematical field of graph theory, a bipartite graph (or bigraph) is a graph whose vertices can be divided in

Self-Reproducing Automata, autocatalysis, and autopoietic theory, which are closely related to the "Self-reference" structure but dissociate …urish due to the advent of data and network science and distributed neural network-based artificial intelligence.

…rived from the fact that simple random walk is a [[martingale (probability theory)|martingale]]. And these expectations and hitting probabilities can be comp …lost forever".<ref>{{Cite book| last=Durrett|first=Rick|title=Probability: Theory and Examples|url=https://archive.org/details/probabilitytheor00rdur|url-acc

网络经常用来刻画复杂系统中的复杂性。因此，把复杂系统当作网络来研究，可以使图论和[[网络科学 network science]]得到广泛应用。例如，一些复杂系统也是复杂网络 …m.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4355725 "Localized attacks on spatially embedded networks with dependencies"]. Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 8934. Bibcode:2015NatSR...

| 868782581 || 2018-11-14T11:57:30Z || Samueldee || <nowiki>/* Systems theory and structural functionalism */ no need to mention "systems dynamicists" by | 774400969 || 2017-04-08T06:02:16Z || Nycdoe || <nowiki>Added a major US network/computational analysis center (https://dnac.ssri.duke.edu/affiliates.php)</

…tract algebra]], [[graph theory]], [[dynamical system]]s and [[probability theory]]. …atorics, abstract algebra, graph theory, dynamical systems and probability theory.

…increasingly probabilistic, allowing more domain knowledge and probability theory to be applied. In practice different approaches are used, depending on the …increasingly probabilistic, allowing more domain knowledge and probability theory to be applied. In practice different approaches are used, depending on the

…thor=Taylor MM |title=The Problem of Stimulus Structure in the Behavioural Theory of Perception |journal=South African Journal of Psychology |volume=3 |pages According to the [[Hebbian theory|Hebbian rule]], synapses increase their efficiency if the synapse persisten

…e-date=2015-09-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>1949年，赫布 Hebb在其理论（即赫布理论 Hebbian theory</font>）中提出了神经元学习的第一定律。赫布理论认为， …rehension. Gray dots represent areas of language comprehension, creating a network for comprehending all language. The semantic circuit of the motor system,…

…tter|date=2019-03-04|title=Rare and everywhere: Perspectives on scale-free networks|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=1016|doi …im S. |last8=Christensen |first8=Kim |title=Identifying time dependence in network growth |journal=Physical Review Research |date=18 June 2020 |volume=2 |issu

…. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …3:09Z || 130.179.131.169 || <nowiki>/* In business, technology and network theory */</nowiki>

…their own strategy.<ref name="Osborne">{{Cite book |title=A Course in Game Theory |last=Osborne |first=Martin J. |last2=Rubinstein |first2=Ariel |date=12 Jul …过改变自己的策略就能得到额外任何好处。<ref name="Osborne">{{Cite book |title=A Course in Game Theory |last=Osborne |first=Martin J. |last2=Rubinstein |first2=Ariel |date=12 Jul

…ogy|''meso'']] scale, it concerns the structure of [[social network|social networks]] between individuals or organizations. On the ''[[Microsociology|micro]]' …arge social groups. On the meso scale, it concerns the structure of social networks between individuals or organizations. On the micro scale, "social structur

…new scientific paradigm".<ref>Bertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxi</ref> …as a new scientific paradigm".Bertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxi

…url=http://tejas.iimb.ac.in/articles/12.php|title=Insights from Complexity Theory: Understanding Organisations better |publisher= by Assoc. Prof. Amit Gupta, …_whole_looks_at_complexity_theory_which_wants_to_understand.html|title=The Theory of Everything and Then Some|last=Auerbach|first=David|date=2016-01-19|work=

…tin || <nowiki>moved notes on strong Church Turing thesis to Computability theory section — excessive to include in lead and would be confusing to casual r …|| 2020-04-16T23:21:48Z || Jaydavidmartin || <nowiki>/* Quantum complexity theory */ removed parentheses and capitalization</nowiki>

…lex socio-technical systems: [[Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory]], and was the founding president of the North American Association of Comp …e behaviors. These behaviors as a whole help to define the workings of the network. ABM focuses on human social interactions and how people work together and

图形或'''[[网络图 network diagram]]'''的绘制是通过从图形抽象出的顶点和边表示的。

…ki>Moving from [[Category:Control theory]] to [[Category:Classical control theory]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]]</nowiki> …wiki>removed [[Category:Theories of history]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] not a Theory of History</nowiki>

…the size distribution of social groups with information theory on complex networks |journal=Preprint |year=2009 |first=A. |last=Hernando |first2=D. |last2=Vi …中时期的朋友。<ref>{{cite news |title=Sorry, You May Have Gone Over Your Limit Of Network Friends |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119518271549595364?mod=googlene

*{{Bibitem article 2|Persistent Activity in Neural Networks with Dynamic Synapses.|PLoS Computational Biology.|3(2)|2007|e35|Barak|Omr *{{Bibitem article 2|Dynamic afferent synapses to decision-making networks improve performance in tasks requiring stimulus associations and discrimin

[[File:Network Science_e.jpg|300px|thumb|《Network Science》封面]] 英文书名：[https://www.amazon.com/Linked-New-Science-Networks/dp/0738206679 Network Science]

…Stephen P.|year= 2005 |title= Centrality and Network Flow |journal=Social Networks |volume= 27|issue= |pages= 55–71|doi=10.1016/j.socnet.2004.11.008 |url=

…vity in neuronal networks showed that E/I balance emerges naturally if the network is sparsely connected (van Vreeswijk and Sompolinsky, 1996; Vogels et al., …ously monitor both the excitatory and the inhibitory activity in the local network.

…hm|first1=André|last2=Lüdge|first2=Kathy|date=2018-08-03|title=Multiplexed networks: reservoir computing with virtual and real nodes|journal=Journal of Physic "An overview of reservoir computing: theory, applications, and implementations."

| 953798969 || 2020-04-29T03:02:35Z || TBarber57 || <nowiki>learning theory, and cognitive systems<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artif …997 || 2020-04-21T09:58:37Z || EmmaDavid20 || <nowiki>/* Artificial neural networks */ Remove the dead link</nowiki>

'''Social impact theory''' was created by [[Bibb Latané]] in 1981 and consists of four basic rules Social impact theory was created by Bibb Latané in 1981 and consists of four basic rules which

|keywords=博弈论,囚徒困境,对策论, game theory, théorème de jeu …Mathematical models''' ，<ref name=Myerson>Roger B. Myerson (1991). ''Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict,'' Harvard University Press, p.&nbsp;[https://books.g

…. |editor3-last=Harper, Jr. |journal=Science and Ultimate Reality: Quantum Theory, Cosmology, and Complexity |pages=654–66 |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511814990.03 …86218-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Avery |first=John |title=Information Theory and Evolution |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-981-238-399-0 |date=200

…Talcott ([1937] 1949). ''The Structure of Social Action: A Study in Social Theory with Special Reference to a Group of European Writers''. New York, NY: The

…g or spoiling the shared resource through their [[collective action]]. The theory originated in an essay written in 1833 by the British economist [[William… …eting or spoiling the shared resource through their collective action. The theory originated in an essay written in 1833 by the British economist William For

…aniel Bernoulli]]最早提出基于'''效用 Utility'''的偏好。新古典主义经济理论 Neoclassical Economic Theory的创始人之一，前耶鲁大学经济学教授[[欧文·费歇尔 Irvin …分。事实上，正如Bruna Ingrao和Giorgio Israe所阐述的那样，经济学中的[[一般均衡理论 general equilibrium theory]]是基于力学平衡的物理概念。

…th>和集合<math>V</math>构造的点集所形成的循环圈边数不为奇数。<ref>Diestel, Reinard (2005), Graph Theory, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 978-3-642-14278-9</ref><ref> …ries = Discrete Mathematics And Its Applications | title = Chromatic Graph Theory | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_l4CJq46MXwC&pg=PA223 | volume =

An alternative—or complementary—theory of RNA origin is proposed in the [[PAH world hypothesis]], whereby [[polycy An alternative—or complementary—theory of RNA origin is proposed in the PAH world hypothesis, whereby polycyclic…

…0..177D }}</ref>的生化生产到优化细菌代谢通路<ref>Unrean, P., Srienc, F. (2011) Metabolic networks evolve towards states of maximum entropy production, Metabolic Engineering …ref>{{cite journal |last=Hoffmann |first=Geoffrey W. |title=The Stochastic Theory of the Origin of the Genetic Code |date=October 1975 |journal=Annual Review

…defined. To do this properly, distinction between hard and soft complexity theory has also been introduced.</nowiki> …7T22:08:12Z || Allforrous || <nowiki>new key for [[Category:Organizational theory]]: "*" using [[WP:HC|HotCat]]</nowiki>

…rs/cns98.pdf|title=D.T.J. Liley, P.J. Cadusch and J.J. Wright. A continuum theory of electrocortical activity. Neurocomputing. 26–27:795–800 (1999)}}</re …rs/cns98.pdf|title=D.T.J. Liley, P.J. Cadusch and J.J. Wright. A continuum theory of electrocortical activity. Neurocomputing. 26–27:795–800 (1999)}}</re

…nd Quantum Experiments", in W. Demopoulos and I. Pitowsky, eds. ''Physical Theory and Its Interpretation: Essays in Honor of [[Jeffrey Bub]]'', Springer 2006

在动机心理学中，'''平衡理论 Balance Theory'''是弗里茨·海德 Fritz Heider提出的一种态度变化理论。<ref …ul W. Holland & Samuel Leinhardt (editors) (1979) ''Perspectives on Social Network Research'', Academic Press</ref>

…rmalized neuron, is still the standard of reference in the field of neural networks. It is often called a [[McCulloch–Pitts neuron]]. Prior to that paper, …rmalized neuron, is still the standard of reference in the field of neural networks. It is often called a McCulloch–Pitts neuron. Prior to that paper, he f

<ref>Sarle Warren."Neural Networks and statistical models".[https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi …智能这一学科研究的早期，一些研究人员对于让机器从数据中进行学习这一问题很感兴趣。他们试图用各种符号方法甚至是当时被称为'''”神经网络 Neural Networks”'''的方法来处理这个问题；但这些方法大部分是感知器

…in) clustering on flows. Computational methods such as [[artificial neural networks]] can also estimate spatial interaction relationships among locations and

…rma.org/paper?id=71890c4e-6f0e-11ea-b30e-0242ac1a0005 Vertex similarity in networks].arXiv:0510143.</ref>是由Leicht，Holme和Newman提出，其定义为 <m

…Kate |title=Six Provocations for Big Data |journal=Social Science Research Network: A Decade in Internet Time: Symposium on the Dynamics of the Internet and… …r testing the fault tolerance of MapReduce frameworks | publisher=Computer Networks | year=2015}}</ref>

* [[巴拉巴西网络科学 Network Science]] * [[链接：网络新科学 Linked: The New Science of Networks]]

| 782158486 || 2017-05-25T07:29:30Z || Cartoon network freak || <nowiki></nowiki> | 767690406 || 2017-02-27T11:21:11Z || Cartoon network freak || <nowiki></nowiki>

|keywords=演化网络, Evolving network …乎所有现实世界的网络都是随时间演化的，通过随着时间的推移增加或删除节点或连边实现。通常所有这些过程都是同时发生的，比如在'''社交网络 social networks'''中，随着时间的推移人们结交和失去朋友，从而创造和

…''Multilayer Networks: Structure and Function'' 和剑桥大学出版社出版的 ''Higher-order networks: An introduction to simplicial complexes'' 两本书籍的作者。 主要贡献：在高阶网络读书会上做出以高阶网络与动力学（Higher-order networks and dynamics）为主题的分享。

…absence of a mathematical model of the environment. In economics and game theory, reinforcement learning may be used to explain how equilibrium may arise un …absence of a mathematical model of the environment. In economics and game theory, reinforcement learning may be used to explain how equilibrium may arise un

[[File:social-network.svg|thumb|Individuals in groups are connected to each other by social relat …jfel & Turner (1979).">Tajfel, H., and J. C. Turner (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W.G. Austin & S. Worchel (eds.), ''The social ps

|keywords=控制理论,控制科学,Control theory |description=控制理论,控制科学,Control theory

…cited in [[energy economics]], [[green economics]] and [[human development theory]]. …are often cited in energy economics, green economics and human development theory.

| 753468156 || 2016-12-07T09:56:14Z || Chiswick Chap || <nowiki>/* Networks */ ref Clauset, rm off-topic</nowiki> …016-06-28T08:31:50Z || Iztwoz || <nowiki>/* top */ added biological neural network</nowiki>

'''Autonomous agency theory''' ('''AAT''') is a [[viable system theory]] (VST) which models autonomous social [[complex adaptive systems]]. It ca …rn to maintain their viability. Self-production and self-creation are both networks of processes that connect an operational system of agency structure from…

…蓬勃发展）、'''种群动力学 population dynamics'''的数学模型、神经生理学模拟、控制理论和'''[[控制论]] control theory'''以及'''[[协同学]] Synergetics'''。

…003.</ref><ref Name=Van2014>Van Mieghem P. Performance analysis of complex networks and systems[M]. Cambridge University Press, 2014.</ref>. …003.</ref><ref Name=Van2014>Van Mieghem P. Performance analysis of complex networks and systems[M]. Cambridge University Press, 2014.</ref>。

'''多重树 Polytree/Directed tree/Oriented tree/Singly connected network'''是底层无向图为树的'''有向无环图 Directed acyclic graph(DAG)

…ained through sound probabilistic inference. It introduced tree-structured networks as concise representations of complex probability models, identified condi …stems,” ''Proceedings, IJCAI-83'', 1983. ''Generalized the tree-structured network to allow for multiple parents, or causal influences, on any given variable.

Performance drives success—but when performance is immeasurable,networks determine success. * [[巴拉巴西网络科学 Network Science]]

| 946308985 || 2020-03-19T11:04:38Z || Lady-Phoenix || <nowiki>/* Network and distributed systems */</nowiki> | 931011118 || 2019-12-16T11:01:15Z || Patriciaendo || <nowiki>/* Network and distributed systems */</nowiki>

…ub | first2=Benjamin | last3=Jackson | first3=Matthew O. | title=Financial Networks and Contagion | journal=American Economic Review | publisher=American Econ

Methods to generate this mapping include [[neural net language model|neural networks]],<ref name=":3">{{cite arXiv|eprint=1310.4546|last1=Mikolov|first1=Tomas| …ite journal|last=Firth|first=J.R.|year=1957|title=A synopsis of linguistic theory 1930–1955|journal=Studies in Linguistic Analysis|pages=1–32}} Reprinted

…/s42256-020-00244-4 An interpretable deep-learning architecture of capsule networks for identifying cell-type gene expression programs from single-cell RNA-se …个节点的动力学，这相当于对原系统进行了自动建模。该算法不仅在精确度上远超其它对比算法，而且可以广泛地适用于各类系统。于2019年发表在Applied Network Science上。相关的论文解读资料可以查看[https://mp.weixin.qq.c

…iko]].<ref name=Gontier/> According to Munz, "an organism is an ''embodied theory'' about its environment... Embodied theories are also no longer expressed… …Peter Munz, and Gary Cziko. According to Munz, "an organism is an embodied theory about its environment... Embodied theories are also no longer expressed in

…itle = The Representation of Biological Systems from the Standpoint of the Theory of Categories | url = | journal = Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics | vol …义 ,如自生系统理论中所述的系统的系统<ref>[http://archonic.net Reflexive Autopoietic Systems Theory]</ref>。它也不同于K.D. Palmer K·D·帕尔默在元系统工程中提

…d in various ways among the general public, many specialists in [[decision theory]], [[statistics]] and other quantitative fields have defined uncertainty,… …f>Kabir, H. D., Khosravi, A., Hosen, M. A., & Nahavandi, S. (2018). Neural Network-based Uncertainty Quantification: A Survey of Methodologies and Application

…hors = Kermack WO, McKendrick AG |title=A Contribution to the Mathematical Theory of Epidemics |journal= Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series… …ay McKendrick]] as a special case of what we now call [[Kermack–McKendrick theory]], and followed work McKendrick had done with [[Ronald Ross]].

…Z || Bear-rings || <nowiki>[[Hard and soft science|hard sciences], [social network]]s, [[economics]</nowiki> …78 || 2012-05-23T22:05:03Z || Geistcj || <nowiki>/* Western history of the theory */</nowiki>

…or by EPR, was mathematically inconsistent with the predictions of quantum theory. …n be produced in any theory obeying local realism, and showed that quantum theory predicts violations of this limit for certain entangled systems. His inequa

…不包括温度的非热力学系统中。例如：量子相变，动态相变和拓扑（结构）相变。在这些系统中，其他参数代替了温度（在''' 渗滤网络 percolating networks'''中，连接概率代替温度）。 …= V. Wolynes | last2 = Wolynes | first2 = Peter G. | year = 2007 | title = Theory of Structural Glasses and Supercooled Liquids | journal = Annual Review of

…mathematicians such as [[Stephen Kleene]] who began developing [[recursion theory]] in the 1930s.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.MolecularAssembler.com/KSRM/ …nd by mathematicians such as Stephen Kleene who began developing recursion theory in the 1930s. Much of this latter work was motivated by interest in informa

…为'''简单博弈 simple games'''（投票博弈 voting games）；这个概念被应用于解决社会选择理论 social choice theory 中的问题。在一些文献中，超边被称为''超连接''或''连接

…form, quantum walks, amplitude amplification and topological quantum field theory. Quantum algorithms may also be grouped by the type of problem solved, for …antum walk]]s, [[amplitude amplification]] and [[topological quantum field theory]]. Quantum algorithms may also be grouped by the type of problem solved, fo

…plained by land use changes. Results such as this rely on a dense sampling network and thus are not available on a global scale. Extrapolating to all of the… …plained by land use changes. Results such as this rely on a dense sampling network and thus are not available on a global scale. Extrapolating to all of the…

…//www.nd.edu/~alb/ Barabási, Albert-László]. 2003. ''[http://www.nd.edu/%7Enetworks/Linked/index.html Linked: How Everything is Connected to Everything Else… …的社会网络思想。Karinthy被认为是 "六度分隔 "这一概念的提出者<ref name="bara" />。与此相关的理论有三度影响理论（The theory of [[three degrees of influence]] ）是由Nicholas A. Christakis 和 James

…Blumstein, Daniel T. Transitivity and structural balance in marmot social networks. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2019;73. {{doi|10.1007/s00265-019-26 …Blumstein, Daniel T. Transitivity and structural balance in marmot social networks. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2019;73. . Categorizing social inter

…(如图2所示，这一抽象图中含有一个孤立顶点)<ref>[[:File:Small Network.png]]; example image of a network with 8 vertices and 10 edges</ref>

'''网络转移矩阵 NetWork Probability Matrix'''通过边概率对随机图进行建模，这些边概 …thematical results on scale-free random graphs" in "Handbook of Graphs and Networks" (S. Bornholdt and H.G. Schuster (eds)), Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 1st ed., 200

…Artificial Intelligence'''、'''[[机器学习]] Machine Learning'''、'''拍卖理论 Auction Theory'''、'''软件工程 Software Engineering'''、'''应用数学 Applied Math …te journal |doi=10.1016/j.omega.2015.01.006|title=Sustainable supply chain network design: An optimization-oriented review|journal=Omega|volume=54|pages=11–

…journal |author=Theobald, D. L. |s2cid=4422345 |title=A formal test of the theory of universal common ancestry |journal=Nature |volume=465 |issue=7295 |pages …5380 |issn=0079-6107}}</ref> [[Charles Darwin]] more famously proposed the theory of universal common descent through an [[evolution]]ary process in his book

* [[博弈论 Game Theory]] * [[巴拉巴西网络科学 Network Science]]

…as |author4=A.-L. Barabási|title=Predicting synthetic rescues in metabolic networks|journal=Molecular Systems Biology|volume=4|pages=1–10|year=2008|arxiv=08 …ame="Stauffer1994">D. Stauffer and A. Aharony. Introduction to Percolation Theory. Tay-lor and Francis. London, 1994.</ref> 。在渗流理论中，该簇群

…stems,<ref name="Giachetti">Giachetti, R.E., Design of Enterprise Systems, Theory, Architecture, and Methods, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2010.</ref> includin …ete socio-technical systems,Giachetti, R.E., Design of Enterprise Systems, Theory, Architecture, and Methods, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2010. including peop

…Varley T F, Hoel E. Emergence as the conversion of information: A unifying theory[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 2022, 380(2227): 202

…ude Shannon]]在1948年的一篇题为'''<font color="#ff8000">《一种通信的数学理论 A Mathematical Theory of Communication 》</font>'''的里程碑式论文中提出的，其目的 …学<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jaynes|first1=E. T.|year=1957|title=Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics|url=http://bayes.wustl.edu/|journal=Phys. Rev.|vo

…/fractalfoundation.org/resources/what-is-chaos-theory/|title=What is Chaos Theory? – Fractal Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-24}}</ref> [[蝴 …性。<ref>{{cite journal|date=March 2016|title=Introduction to Supersymmetric Theory of Stochastics|journal=Entropy|volume=18|issue=4|pages=108|doi=10.3390/e180

| title = Community structure in social and biological networks | title = Clustering and community detection in directed networks: A survey

* [[巴拉巴西网络科学 Network Science]] * [[链接：网络新科学 Linked: The New Science of Networks]]

…研究是具有开创性的，因为它显示了人类社会是一个可以由最短路描述的[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-world_network 小世界类型的网络]。这些试验常与[https://en.wikipedia.org/wik …t Means for Business, Science, and Everyday Life.|url=http://www.nd.edu/%7Enetworks/Linked/index.html|date=2005-03-04}}</ref> 这恐怕是最早的涉及[http

* [[巴拉巴西网络科学 Network Science]] * [[链接：网络新科学 Linked: The New Science of Networks]]

博客在社会计算概念中也被高度使用，目的是通过一种叫做社会网络分析的概念来理解在线社区中的人类行为。社会网络分析(Social network analysis，SNA)是“一门社会科学的学科，它试图通过对人类 * Game theory

…l |title=ESRL Global Monitoring Division – Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network |author=ESRL Web Team |website=noaa.gov |access-date=28 November 2015}}</re …ntinent's colonization was instrumental in the development of global trade networks and the [[capitalist]] economy, which played a significant role in initiat

…tle=Trends in Atmospheric Methane |website=Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network, NOAA |url=https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends_ch4/ |year=2019 |acces …=2|comma=5}}, though the gas molecules are so far apart that its [[Kinetic theory of gases|temperature in the usual sense]] is not very meaningful. The air…

…d the globe since before 1960. Additionally after year 2000, an expanding network of over 3000 [[Argo (oceanography)|Argo robotic floats]] has measured the… …d the globe since before 1960. Additionally after year 2000, an expanding network of over 3000 Argo robotic floats has measured the temperature anomaly, or…

…03cee50bc55dd4e4aba419d6d&scene=21#wechat_redirect GAN（Generated Adversial Network，生成对抗网络）]，它们都可以看作是数据生成的方法突 GAN（Generative Adversial Network，生成对抗网络）

…et等典型的受生物启发的学习模式<ref>"Hananel-Hazan/bindsnet: Simulation of spiking neural networks (SNNs) using PyTorch". 31 March 2020.</ref>。 …f>Maass W 1997 Networks of spiking neurons: the third generation of neural network models Neural Netw. 10 1659–71.</ref>。

标签：Evolution, Game Theory, Social Systems, Social Science, Agent-Based Modeling, Dynamical Systems [[网络理论初级课程 A First Course in Network Theory]]（未建立词条）

…学动力系统理论 mathematical dynamical systems theory、或动力学系统的数学理论 the mathematical theory of dynamical systems。

…arning in Distributed Control|date=2017|publisher=Handbook of Dynamic Game Theory|url=https://www.ece.ucsb.edu/~jrmarden/files/Learning-Chapter.pdf|access-da …date=2014|title=Reading the Mind in the Eyes or reading between the lines? Theory of Mind predicts collective intelligence equally well online and face-to-fa

….org/content/27062 "Brief Introduction To Left-Wing Laissez Faire Economic Theory: Part Two"].</ref> …One".Nick Manley, "Brief Introduction To Left-Wing Laissez Faire Economic Theory: Part Two".

…。<ref name = " von Neumann2 " >von Neumann, John; Burks, Arthur W. (1966). Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata. University of Illinois Press.</ref>

…弈中，没有固定的最优策略，因而，举办囚徒困境竞赛来竞争和检验这种情况下的算法。<ref>{{cite journal|url = https://egtheory.wordpress.com/2015/03/02/ipd/|title = Short history of iterated prisoner's

==History of hydrologic cycle theory== ==History of hydrologic cycle theory==

…ution=2.1 Acyclic Digraphs|pages=32–34}}.</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Graph theory: an algorithmic approach|first=Nicos|last=Christofides||publisher=Academic …唯一的？ -->。相反的，对于有向有环图，可以存在多个与原图有着相同可达性的最简子图。<ref>{{citation|title=Digraphs: Theory, Algorithms and Applications|series=Springer Monographs in Mathematics|firs

…Cite journal|author=Just, M. A.|author2=Carpenter, P. A. |title=A capacity theory of comprehension: individual differences in working memory |journal=Psychol …<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brown, J.|year=1958|title=Some tests of the decay theory of immediate memory|journal=Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology|vo

…. T. (1957). [http://bayes.wustl.edu/etj/articles/theory.1.pdf Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics]. Physical Review Series II, 106 (4), 620–30.</

…e=2017|title=Editorial: On the relation of dynamics and structure in brain networks|journal=Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science|language= …y]], [[Metacommunity|metacommunity dynamics]], or [[Ecological niche|niche theory]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|title = mfSBA: Multifractal analysis

'''1.1 概率论简介  Introduction to Probability Theory 1''' 1.1.2 概率论的基本概念 Basic Concepts in Probability Theory 2

…Universals (metaphysics)|universals]]. He considered these to consist of [[Theory of Forms|ideal forms]] ({{lang|grc|εἶδος}} ''eidos'': "form") of whic …e.com/?id=Vk_CQULdAssC&pg=PA306}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | journal=Nexus Network Journal | first=Richard | last=Padovan | authorlink=Richard Padovan | title

…<ref name="G&P 1971">Glansdorff, P., Prigogine, I. (1971). ''Thermodynamic Theory of Structure, Stability and Fluctuations'', Wiley-Interscience, London.</re …ed annealing variants for self-organized resource allocation in small cell networks |journal=Applied Soft Computing |last2=Tirkkonen |first2=Olav |date=Januar

…et.|first2=al.|title=Topological properties of a self-assembled electrical network via ab initio calculation|journal=Sci. Rep.|volume=7|pages=41621|date=2017| *'''[[分岔理论]] Bifurcation Theory'''

…. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …15:33:13Z || Marcocapelle || <nowiki>removed parent category of [[Category:Theory of constraints]]</nowiki>

…mpression, and Hypothesis Testing|journal=IEEE Transactions on Information Theory|date=June 2011|volume=57|issue=6|pages=3248–3259|doi=10.1109/TIT.2011.213

# Shannon, C.E. 1948. A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Bell System Technical Journal 27:379-423 623-656. (香农 # Neumann, J. V. 1966. Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata. In Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata, edited by A. W. Burks. Urbana: University of

…ge of chaos|adaptation to the edge of chaos]]” or ability to avoid [[chaos theory|chaos]]. Practically speaking, by heading to the [[edge of chaos]] without …tive actions of one component result in creation of another component. The theory proposes that living systems exhibit a hierarchy of a total of four such ad

关于这个机器的一些想法，可以参考[[自复制自动机理论 Theory of Self-reproducing Automata]]。 …ial Societies: Multiagent Systems and the Micro-Macro Link in Sociological Theory] - by R. Keith Sawyer.

…ref>{{cite journal |author=R. Cohen and S. Havlin|year=2010 |title=Complex Networks: Structure, Robustness and Function |journal=Cambridge University Press}}<

Theory, simplified models, and reconstructions of abrupt changes in the past sugge …stressors/bleaching/mass-bleaching/ |date=24 July 2021 }}, Reef Resilience Network</ref> Mass bleaching events occurred in 1998, 2010, and between 2014–2017

…te journal | author =Chialvo, D. R. | year = 2004 | title = Critical brain networks | journal = Physica A | volume = 340 | issue =4 | pages = 756&ndash;765 | …ournal | author = Chao Tang and Per Bak | year = 1988 | title = Mean field theory of self-organized critical phenomena | journal = Journal of Statistical Phy

Opinion-dynamics models look at interactions within networks and how these are likely to cause change – usually between two opposing === social impact theory ===

…tion of the solution of the Kushner–Stratonovitch equation". ''Probability Theory and Related Fields''. '''115''' (4): 549–578. doi:10.1007/s004400050249. …title=Accelerating Stochastic Assessment of Post-Earthquake Transportation Network Connectivity via Machine-Learning-Based Surrogates|url=https://trid.trb.org

…alerie|last=Ahl|first2=Timothy F. H.|last2=Allen|year=1996|title=Hierarchy Theory|location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press}}

In A. R. Meyers (ed.), Computational Complexity: Theory, Techniques, and Applications, pp. 185-203, Springer, 2012.</ref><ref name= …07) 69: 1199:1231.</ref>。<ref>P. Speroni di Fenizio. Chemical Organization Theory. PhD thesis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 2007.</ref>

统计力学和非平衡场论 Statistical Mechanics and Non-equilibrium Field Theory *2015年成为世界城市峰会青年领袖 the World Cities Summit Young Leaders (WCSYL) network 网络成员。

…要么侧重于该国资本和其他生产要素的相对比例，<ref>E. Heckscher, B. Ohlin, ''Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory,'' H. Flam, M. Flanders, Eds. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1991).</ref>要么

* 网络科学导论（Network Science: An Introduction ），高等教育出版社，2012（中文版）

…ePhilTrans>{{cite journal | last=Yule | first=G. U. | title=A Mathematical Theory of Evolution, based on the Conclusions of Dr. J. C. Willis, F.R.S | journal …si | first=A.-L. |author2=R. Albert | title=Emergence of scaling in random networks | journal=Science | volume=286 | pages=509–512 | year=1999 | arxiv=cond-

…lly | first1 = F. P. | author-link1 = Frank Kelly (mathematician)| title = Networks of Queues | journal = Advances in Applied Probability | volume = 8 | issue …tochastic processes has been studied, including Lévy processes, stochastic networks (Kelly's lemma), birth and death processes, Markov chains, and piecewise…

…n used in physics and the physics-influenced literature. In [[probability theory]], the term [[probability space]] is more prevalent. …physical state of the system. It is important in statistical mechanics (a theory about physical states) to recognize that the phase space is just a mathemat

…in the lignin. Fungi can transfer carbon and nitrogen through their hyphal networks and thus, unlike bacteria, are not dependent solely on locally available… …in the lignin. Fungi can transfer carbon and nitrogen through their hyphal networks and thus, unlike bacteria, are not dependent solely on locally available…

…者说，A会产生更多的B，而B又会产生更多的A，与之相反的是，[[负反馈]]指的是一个系统中，变化的结果会减少或抵消它自己的影响。<ref name="theorymodelling" />这两个概念在科学和工程等领域中发挥着重要作 …/metadesigners.org/Feedback-Glossary|work=Glossary|publisher=Metadesigners Network|accessdate=15 April 2014|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org

…nk, Françoise (April 2003). "Unpacking the cognitive map: the parallel map theory of hippocampal function". Psychological Review. 110 (2): 285–315. doi:10.

…/S0048733318301598 “The Sociology of Scientific Validity: How Professional Networks Shape Judgement in Peer Review” ] Teplitskiy, Misha, Daniel Acuna, Aida

…m/xie/paper/ICAPS12.pdf Schedule-driven coordination for real-time traffic network control]. International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (IC * [[博弈论 Game theory]]

…brary| title=StackOverflowException Class| publisher=[[Microsoft Developer Network]]| date=2018| url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.stackover

主要叙述考夫曼的个人研究经历，以及他的关于基因网络（外文大概叫boolean network)方面的研究，这个网络有望解释一个受精卵是如何演化出 …待进化过程，即基因是进化的基本单位，而生物体（人）只不过是“基因传承和繁衍自身的工具”——这就是颇具刺激性的“自私基因论”（selfish－gene theory）。

[4] W. Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, Vol. 2, John Wiley & Sons, 2008. B. Zhou et al. / Phy …. Wang, J.-J. Tseng, C.-C. Tai, K.-H. Lai, W.-S. Wu, S.-H. Chen, S.-P. Li, Network topology of an experimental futures exchange, Eur. Phys. J. B 62 (1) (2008)

…ntroduction-theory-of-complex-systems/ S. Thurner, R. 《INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS（复杂系统理论导论）》]，Oxford University Pr

…1983">{{cite book|author=[[Robert Endre Tarjan]]|title=Data structures and network algorithms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JiC7mIqg-X4C&pg=PA3|year=1 …cstheory.stackexchange.com/q/608 Examples of the price of abstraction?], cstheory.stackexchange.com</ref>

| title = Dual Phase Evolution: from Theory to Practice …lating society transitions: standstill, collapse and growth in an evolving network model

<li style="width: 10em;">[[博弈论 Game Theory]]</li>

The [[Value theory|value]] of a physical object to an [[wiktionary:agent|agent]] is sometimes …phone signal. More generally, each layer of the [[OSI Model]] of computer networking supervenes on the layers below it.

* Each cell has a neighborhood of other cells. Altogether these form a network of cells, which is usually taken to be regular (e.g. the cells are arranged …ed a formal development of the subject.<ref name=":1">D. Deutsch, "Quantum theory, the Church-Turing principle and the universal quantum computer" Proceeding

…er (2004). "Real-time computation at the edge of chaos in recurrent neural networks." Neural Comput 16(7): 1413-36. …C, Beggs, JM (2005). Critical branching captures activity in living neural networks and maximizes the number of metastable states. Phys Rev Lett, 94: 058101.