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  • …new scientific paradigm".<ref>Bertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxi</ref> …as a new scientific paradigm".Bertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxi
    74 KB(8,006个字) - 2023年1月23日 (一) 22:29
  • …ns are employed, the theory is called [[discrete time|''discrete dynamical systems'']]. When the time variable runs over a set that is discrete over some inte …difference equations are employed, the theory is called discrete dynamical systems. When the time variable runs over a set that is discrete over some interval
    54 KB(5,714个字) - 2022年1月15日 (六) 12:53
  • …[[robotics]] domains, where they describe how actions affect the states of systems over time, and may be used for [[automated planning]].}} …em" is typically associated with intelligent agents and animats—artificial systems that exhibit complex behaviour in an agent environment.}}
    234 KB(31,718个字) - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:05
  • | 944540733 || 2020-03-08T13:23:54Z || David spector || <nowiki>/* Jerk systems */ Added Chua's circuit as basis for true random number generation</nowiki> | 944539167 || 2020-03-08T13:08:23Z || David spector || <nowiki>/* Jerk systems */ Added ref to chaotic circuit having no diodes</nowiki>
    518 KB(57,610个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 15:08
  • …almazelmélet axiomatikus felépítése (Axiomatic construction of general set theory)
    427 KB(49,934个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:19
  • …ia:Short description|short description]] from "Law of physics stating that systems spontaneously evolve towards states of higher entropy" to "Law of physics" …her entropy", overriding Wikidata description "law of physics stating that systems spontaneously evolve towards states of higher entropy" ([[Wikipedia:Shortde
    370 KB(42,373个字) - 2020年5月7日 (四) 12:03
  • …n|self-organizing]] life forms that interact with their environment. These systems are maintained by flowing [[information]], [[energy flow (ecology)|energy]] …ntists have proposed in the last few decades that a general living systems theory is required to explain the nature of [[life]].<ref>{{Cite book| last = Wood
    25 KB(2,262个字) - 2023年1月30日 (一) 19:28
  • …r definition is that [[organism]]s are [[Open system (thermodynamics)|open systems]] that maintain [[homeostasis]], are composed of [[Cell (biology)|cells]], …the definition of life. One popular definition is that organisms are open systems that maintain homeostasis, are composed of cells, have a life cycle, underg
    254 KB(29,754个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 18:18
  • …the first of several closely related theorems on the limitations of formal systems. They were followed by [[Tarski's undefinability theorem]] on the formal un …the first of several closely related theorems on the limitations of formal systems. They were followed by Tarski's undefinability theorem on the formal undefi
    217 KB(24,578个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:04
  • …|flows]] of [[matter]] or of [[energy]], either within a system or between systems. …acroscopic flows of matter or of energy, either within a system or between systems.
    118 KB(12,761个字) - 2022年6月1日 (三) 10:18
  • …| title = Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses | journal = Global Environmental Change | volume = 16 | issue = 3| …g a priority, although it could be argued that a significant amount of the theory has yet to be translated into practice. Despite this, there is a robust and
    180 KB(19,246个字) - 2022年1月19日 (三) 17:55
  • …2A02:120B:2C29:52E0:5452:2628:D239:F633 || <nowiki>/* Nonliving, physical systems */</nowiki> …46 || 2020-01-01T19:18:41Z || Pleasantville || <nowiki>/* top */ {{Complex systems}}</nowiki>
    195 KB(22,725个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 16:28
  • …ion is also used with [[scientific modelling]] of natural systems or human systems to gain insight into their functioning,<ref>In the words of the [http://www …ulation is also used with scientific modelling of natural systems or human systems to gain insight into their functioning, as in economics. Simulation can be
    191 KB(21,929个字) - 2020年10月27日 (二) 22:12
  • …e.bouchard || <nowiki>Optimal control is a very important topic in Control Theory, and the Reinforcement Learning wiki page links to it.</nowiki> …h of engineering and mathematics that deals with the behavior of dynamical systems with inputs, and how their behavior is modified by feedback" ([[Wikipedia:S
    147 KB(16,535个字) - 2020年5月7日 (四) 14:27
  • …together with the application of this knowledge to the design of man-made systems."</ref>
    20 KB(953个字) - 2020年9月26日 (六) 09:59
  • …24-6495}}</ref> or {{gli|attribute|attributes}} in the study of objects or systems in order to more closely attend to other details of interest;<ref name="abs …ed by keeping common features or attributes to various concrete objects or systems of study.<ref name="abstraction" />}}
    218 KB(30,012个字) - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:05
  • …manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using [[control loop]]s. It can range from a single home heating controller …ing a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large Industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines.
    50 KB(5,610个字) - 2022年6月12日 (日) 10:09
  • ==复杂社会系统中的危机:以智利事件为例的一个社会理论观点 (Crisis in complex social systems: A social theory view illustrated with the chilean case) == …ocial systems. A quest for connectivity of communication leads to increase systems' own robustness by constantly producing further connections. When some of…
    135 KB(12,045个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 22:02
  • …rst=Michael C.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1084643459|title=Critical systems thinking and the management of complexity : responsible leadership for a co …ds of stakeholders.Werner Ulrich (2003). A Brief Introduction to "Critical Systems Thinking for Professionals & Citizens"
    11 KB(1,073个字) - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:28
  • …ms- chemical compounds and reactions is a better explanation than chemical systems</nowiki> | 763648584 || 2017-02-04T11:44:54Z || Fmadd || <nowiki>TODO: chemical systems ... chemical reactions?</nowiki>
    512 KB(55,749个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 16:48
  • …Motive Power of Heat, and on the Laws which can be deduced from it for the Theory of Heat | publisher = Poggendorff's Annalen der Physik, LXXIX (Dover Reprin …MSAAAAIAAJ&q=On+an+Absolute+Thermometric+Scale+Founded+on+Carnot%E2%80%99s+Theory&pg=PA100
    91 KB(10,078个字) - 2022年5月4日 (三) 09:28
  • …4:42:19Z || Dreamy Jazz Bot || <nowiki>Adding link to [[Portal:Information theory]]. ([[User:Dreamy Jazz Bot/Task 2|Task 2]] - [[User talk:Dreamy Jazz|report | 875456116 || 2018-12-26T18:19:25Z || Fvultier || <nowiki>Information theory sidebar template.</nowiki>
    213 KB(24,243个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 14:46
  • …ermodynamics''' is a branch of [[thermodynamics]] that deals with physical systems that are not in [[thermodynamic equilibrium]] but can be described in terms …rium thermodynamics is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with physical systems that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium but can be described in terms of
    91 KB(10,045个字) - 2020年11月17日 (二) 20:15
  • …ther thermodynamic systems, or physical systems that are not thermodynamic systems. A wall of a thermodynamic system may be purely notional, when it is descri …ther thermodynamic systems, or physical systems that are not thermodynamic systems. A wall of a thermodynamic system may be purely notional, when it is descri
    86 KB(9,841个字) - 2022年6月1日 (三) 10:16
  • {{short description|Correlation between measurements of quantum subsystems, even when spatially separated}} |title=Discussion of probability relations between separated systems
    193 KB(21,542个字) - 2021年1月24日 (日) 21:45
  • …:MaximumPowerESL.gif|thumb|320px|right|Maximum Power Principle in [[Energy Systems Language]] adapted from Odum and Odum 2000, p. 38|链接=Special:FilePath/M …Laws of thermodynamics|principle of energetics]] in [[Open system (systems theory)|open system]] [[thermodynamics]], where an example of an open system is a
    36 KB(4,217个字) - 2022年3月23日 (三) 11:39
  • A market is a composition of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations or infrastructures whereby part …economic system as being coordinated by the price mechanism....in economic theory we find that the allocation of factors of production between different uses
    178 KB(19,982个字) - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:16
  • …tin || <nowiki>moved notes on strong Church Turing thesis to Computability theory section — excessive to include in lead and would be confusing to casual r …|| 2020-04-16T23:21:48Z || Jaydavidmartin || <nowiki>/* Quantum complexity theory */ removed parentheses and capitalization</nowiki>
    429 KB(49,006个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 17:12
  • …isms<ref>Grzegorz Rozenberg and Arto Salomaa. The mathematical theory of L systems (Academic Press, New York, 1980). {{ISBN|0-12-597140-0}}</ref> and can be… …r of plant cells and to model the growth processes of plant development. L-systems have also been used to model the morphology of a variety of organisms and…
    54 KB(6,635个字) - 2020年5月8日 (五) 13:40
  • …ife and consciousness appear to have strikingly comparable self-generating systems. What alternate structure would be the most probable if this assumption hol …tain a deeper knowledge of the self-generating structure of complex living systems, Swarma Club's scientist Xiaomuqiu (Qiu Weiyi) teamed forces with Zhou Liqi
    38 KB(5,242个字) - 2022年6月15日 (三) 19:45
  • …o design methodology,<ref>https://systemic-design.org/</ref> integrating [[systems thinking]] and [[human-centred design]], with the intention of helping desi …ign intends to develop methodologies and approaches that help to integrate systems thinking with design towards sustainability at the environmental, social an
    34 KB(3,670个字) - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:28
  • …tical biology focuses on the use of mathematical tools to study biological systems, even though the two terms are sometimes interchanged.<ref>{{cite journal… …tical biology focuses on the use of mathematical tools to study biological systems, even though the two terms are sometimes interchanged.
    75 KB(8,339个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:25
  • {{Short description|Subject of study in ergodic theory}} …articular, most [[dissipative system|non-dissipative]] systems) as well as systems in [[thermodynamic equilibrium]].
    46 KB(5,956个字) - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:31
  • {{Recommender systems}} …[consensus]], [[social capital]] and '''''formalisms''''' such as [[voting systems]], [[social media]] and other means of quantifying mass activity.<ref name=
    245 KB(27,545个字) - 2021年7月20日 (二) 17:39
  • …sion theory overlaps with [[proof theory]] and [[effective descriptive set theory]]. …recursion theory overlaps with proof theory and effective descriptive set theory.
    111 KB(13,210个字) - 2021年2月3日 (三) 23:25
  • …17 || 2020-01-01T19:13:55Z || Pleasantville || <nowiki>/* top */ {{Complex systems}}</nowiki> …2018-06-10T13:29:07Z || ATPhosphate || <nowiki>added nonlinear biological systems</nowiki>
    84 KB(9,461个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 16:13
  • …ServidorParalelo.jpg|thumb|right|[[#Queueing networks|Queue networks]] are systems in which single queues are connected by a routing network. In this image,… …ueue lengths and waiting time can be predicted.<ref name="sun" /> Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of [[operations research]] because the res
    66 KB(8,007个字) - 2022年6月14日 (二) 17:36
  • …020-04-29T03:02:35Z || TBarber57 || <nowiki>learning theory, and cognitive systems<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artificial_intelligence&acti …wiki>ordering categories according to official encyclopedic classification systems</nowiki>
    1.25 MB(146,427个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 18:28
  • …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …19-09-25T14:05:46Z || Ndcroos || <nowiki>/* Dissipative systems in control theory */</nowiki>
    24 KB(2,838个字) - 2020年5月7日 (四) 11:48
  • …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …19-09-25T14:05:46Z || Ndcroos || <nowiki>/* Dissipative systems in control theory */</nowiki>
    24 KB(2,838个字) - 2020年5月7日 (四) 16:54
  • == Relative Entropy in Biological Systems == …ilibrium in biological systems. The replicator equation, evolutionary game theory, Markov processes and chemical reaction networks all describe the dynamics
    79 KB(11,612个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 22:13
  • 标签:Complex Systems, Data Science …me Theory, Social Systems, Social Science, Agent-Based Modeling, Dynamical Systems
    53 KB(882个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 21:54
  • …with perturbations of the system itself. Variants of this notion apply to systems of [[ordinary differential equation]]s, [[vector field]]s on [[smooth manif …with perturbations of the system itself. Variants of this notion apply to systems of ordinary differential equations, vector fields on smooth manifolds and…
    23 KB(2,680个字) - 2021年11月17日 (三) 17:44
  • …ption|Scientific study of the Earth's spheres and their natural integrated systems}} …interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems.]]
    40 KB(4,607个字) - 2022年1月26日 (三) 21:41
  • The Organization of living systems * John Minger:《Selfproducing systems-- Implications and Applications of Autopoiesis》一书第二章
    80 KB(6,761个字) - 2020年10月21日 (三) 23:37
  • A '''dissipative system''' is a thermodynamically [[open system (systems theory)|open system]] which is operating out of, and often far from, [[thermodynam …breaking ([[anisotropy]]) and the formation of complex, sometimes [[Chaos theory|chaotic]], structures where interacting particles exhibit long range correl
    22 KB(2,237个字) - 2022年1月18日 (二) 17:17
  • …/fractalfoundation.org/resources/what-is-chaos-theory/|title=What is Chaos Theory? – Fractal Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-24}}</ref> [[蝴 …Stephen H. |title = In the Wake of Chaos: Unpredictable Order in Dynamical Systems |url = https://archive.org/details/inwakeofchaosunp0000kell |url-access =…
    93 KB(7,954个字) - 2020年7月18日 (六) 14:26
  • …nmental increase, resulting in a net increase in entropy. Examples of such systems and phenomena include the formation of typical crystals, the workings of a …nmental increase, resulting in a net increase in entropy. Examples of such systems and phenomena include the formation of typical crystals, the workings of a
    77 KB(9,110个字) - 2022年3月28日 (一) 03:19
  • In the mathematical theory of probability, the '''drift-plus-penalty method''' is used for optimizatio …method is used for optimization of queueing networks and other stochastic systems.
    102 KB(13,288个字) - 2022年6月14日 (二) 17:35
  • …{{Cite book|last=Miller, John H., and Scott E. Page|title=Complex adaptive systems : an introduction to computational models of social life|date=2007-01-01|pu …_whole_looks_at_complexity_theory_which_wants_to_understand.html|title=The Theory of Everything and Then Some|last=Auerbach|first=David|date=2016-01-19|work=
    35 KB(2,235个字) - 2020年11月21日 (六) 00:10
  • …16}}</ref>。系统由其时空边界所描述,被其所处环境包围并影响;系统也由其结构和目的所描述,表达为其功能。系统是'''系统理论 systems theory'''的研究对象。 …Media Research: Technology, Art and Communication: Critical Voices in Art, Theory and Culture
    23 KB(1,157个字) - 2022年4月18日 (一) 18:46
  • …071-1365|pmid=30287586}}</ref>它跨越了系统论和应用数学方法的领域,发展成为'''[[复杂系统生物学]] complex systems biology'''的一个分支。 …name=Voit01>{{cite book|last1=Voit|first1=Eberhard|title=A First Course in Systems Biology|date=2012|publisher=Garland Science|isbn=9780815344674}}</ref>
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  • …g pre-existing values. Any attempt to do so in a realistic hidden-variable theory leads to values that are dependent upon the choice of the other (compatible ….1088/1367-2630/13/11/113036|s2cid=17435105|issn=1367-2630}}</ref> [[graph theory]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cabello|first1=Adan|last2=Severini|first2=Simon
    75 KB(8,547个字) - 2022年10月12日 (三) 15:12
  • | 894222101 || 2019-04-26T12:31:57Z || 131.111.5.145 || <nowiki>/* Control theory */Full state feedback is not just simply pole placement, but can take other …-23T22:04:13Z || Shiftchange || <nowiki>add {{Complex systems}}, {{Complex systems topics}}</nowiki>
    182 KB(20,659个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 21:51
  • …7 || 2018-03-12T11:22:27Z || Bernd.Brincken || <nowiki>/* See also */ Game theory</nowiki> …| 2017-08-19T06:41:57Z || 203.3.109.194 || <nowiki>/* Study of multi-agent systems */</nowiki>
    59 KB(6,678个字) - 2020年5月9日 (六) 11:53
  • …ServidorParalelo.jpg|thumb|right|[[#Queueing networks|Queue networks]] are systems in which single queues are connected by a routing network. In this image,… …ueue lengths and waiting time can be predicted.<ref name="sun" /> Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of [[operations research]] because the res
    35 KB(4,924个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 17:01
  • …c.net/1/post/2018/12/the-syntellect-hypothesis-a-new-extension-to-the-gaia-theory.html ([[WP:TW|TW]])</nowiki> …elic.net/top-stories/the-syntellect-hypothesis-a-new-extension-to-the-gaia-theory</nowiki>
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  • {{Short description|Examining complex systems as a whole}} …stems thinking about the society.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|right|Impression of systems thinking about society]]
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  • {{Short description|systems with external interactions}} [[File:OpenSystemRepresentation.svg|thumb|252px|''Open [[system|systems]]'' have input and output flows, representing exchanges of matter, energy…
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  • Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their resource… Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their resource…
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  • …which they then translate into internal representations. Natural cognitive systems...participate in the generation of meaning ...engaging in transformational …which they then translate into internal representations. Natural cognitive systems...participate in the generation of meaning ...engaging in transformational
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  • …method,<ref>Berry B J & F Horton (1971) ''Geographic Perspectives on Urban Systems'', John Wiley, N-Y.</ref> applying it to most important cities in the world …of the method,Berry B J & F Horton (1971) Geographic Perspectives on Urban Systems, John Wiley, N-Y. applying it to most important cities in the world and exh
    136 KB(14,537个字) - 2022年1月19日 (三) 17:58
  • …e.g. bacteria quorum sensing and ant pheromone detection, and in synthetic systems, e.g. bimetallic nanorods and enzyme molecule chemotaxis. …e.g. bacteria quorum sensing and ant pheromone detection, and in synthetic systems, e.g. bimetallic nanorods and enzyme molecule chemotaxis.
    61 KB(6,563个字) - 2021年1月14日 (四) 18:33
  • …latory Case of LEGO | journal = Journal of the Association for Information Systems | volume = 15 | issue = 11 | pages = 754–778 | year = 2014 | url = http:/ …ic Web|semantic]] [[wiki]] and [[database]] Enipedia also publishes energy systems data using the concept of crowdsourced [[open data|open]] information. Enip
    247 KB(27,473个字) - 2022年1月15日 (六) 12:01
  • …t al., editors. The Tests of Time: Readings in the Development of Physical Theory. Princeton University Press, 2003, p. 412. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcm4 …t al., editors. The Tests of Time: Readings in the Development of Physical Theory. Princeton University Press, 2003, p. 412. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcm4
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  • …general structure for the growth of national economies as integrated urban systems.'' …ing these observations based on the theory of phase transitions in complex systems. We studied the link between spatial and temporal correlations of large-sca
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  • …ystems| title=Selected self-organization and the semiotics of evolutionary systems| year=1998| first=Luis M.| last=Rocha|pages=341–358|publisher=Springer, D …ric| last=Drexler| year=1986}}</ref> to distinguish macroscale replicating systems from the microscopic [[nanorobot]]s or "[[assembler (nanotechnology)|assemb
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  • …g trajectories of dynamical systems. The notion of deterministic dynamical systems assumes that the equations determining the dynamics do not contain any rand …y theory, is based on general notions of [[Measure (mathematics)|measure]] theory. Its initial development was motivated by problems of [[statistical physic
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  • …ight simulators, the flight computer in aircraft, and for teaching control systems in universities. Perhaps the most relatable example of analog computers are …veloped an electrically driven mechanical analog computer for fire-control systems, based on the differential analyser. It was used by the Imperial Russian Na
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  • …03-21T20:36:31Z || AnomieBOT || <nowiki>Rescuing orphaned refs ("Boeing2016Systems" from rev 931294644)</nowiki> | 927800679 || 2019-11-24T21:54:27Z || 193.60.94.9 || <nowiki>/* Control theory */</nowiki>
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  • …03-21T20:36:31Z || AnomieBOT || <nowiki>Rescuing orphaned refs ("Boeing2016Systems" from rev 931294644)</nowiki> | 927800679 || 2019-11-24T21:54:27Z || 193.60.94.9 || <nowiki>/* Control theory */</nowiki>
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  • …03-21T20:36:31Z || AnomieBOT || <nowiki>Rescuing orphaned refs ("Boeing2016Systems" from rev 931294644)</nowiki> | 927800679 || 2019-11-24T21:54:27Z || 193.60.94.9 || <nowiki>/* Control theory */</nowiki>
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  • …url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemical-engineering/multi-agent-systems | access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref>上。 …ed information infrastructure for disaster management |journal=Intelligent Systems for Crisis Management |pages=349–355 |date=2013|display-authors=etal|doi=
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  • …uthor1=Thomas M. Cover|author2=Joy A. Thomas|title=Elements of Information Theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWq5GG6ycxMC=PT16|year=2012|publisher …Gikhman|author2=Anatoly Vladimirovich Skorokhod|title=Introduction to the Theory of Random Processes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJyLzG7N7r8C|year
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  • …]. The development of thermodynamics both drove and was driven by [[atomic theory]]. It also, albeit in a subtle manner, motivated new directions in [[probab …ion. The development of thermodynamics both drove and was driven by atomic theory. It also, albeit in a subtle manner, motivated new directions in probabilit
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  • …facilitated in biological systems by horizontal transmission and in social systems by active spreading strategies of infected individuals.'' …tives and feedback mechanisms that foster the ability of complex dynamical systems to self-organize and lead to a more resilient society and sustainable econo
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  • {{About|natural ecosystems|the term used in man-made systems|Digital ecosystem|the system of classifying ecologically homogeneous land… {{Redirect|Biosystem|the journal|BioSystems}}
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  • …General Features of Complex Systems"].Yaneer, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. Retrieved 16 September.</ref>。因此,复杂系统可以看作是'''还
    47 KB(2,634个字) - 2020年7月21日 (二) 10:11
  • …tems]], [[political system|political systems]], [[cultural system|cultural systems]], etc. …tems, such as economic systems, legal systems, political systems, cultural systems, etc.
    29 KB(3,225个字) - 2020年10月27日 (二) 23:04
  • …sed approach], Proc IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, p. 202-208, Poznan, 1994</ref> …chapter=Smart Robots|title=Smart Robots: A Handbook of Intelligent Robotic Systems|last=Hunt|first=V. Daniel|publisher=Chapman and Hall|year=1985|page=141|isb
    213 KB(24,580个字) - 2020年5月7日 (四) 15:02
  • …8-04-15T09:05:40Z || Agor153 || <nowiki>/* Phase transitions in biological systems */ format</nowiki> …8-04-15T09:01:21Z || Agor153 || <nowiki>/* Phase transitions in biological systems */ fluctuations and correlations in ecological crises</nowiki>
    135 KB(15,111个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 22:25
  • …ut|decision making as analyzed in psychology|a broader discipline|Decision theory}} …sbn=978-0805832679 |oclc=44775038 |chapter-url=http://www.its.caltech.edu/~theory/Godfrey-Smith.pdf}}</ref> Studies done at the [[University of Colorado]] ha
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  • …le system theory]] (VST) which models autonomous social [[complex adaptive systems]]. It can be used to model the relationship between an agency and its envi …oston Studies in the Philosophy of Science</ref> which explains why living systems actually live. However, Beer did not make general use of the concept in his
    28 KB(2,976个字) - 2022年5月16日 (一) 09:28
  • …ol algorithm is not generally needed to provide adequate control of simple systems, which are often controlled well by generic [[PID controller]]s. Common dyn …ol algorithm is not generally needed to provide adequate control of simple systems, which are often controlled well by generic PID controllers. Common dynamic
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  • …vanced statistics.|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/systemsanalysisf00wet_ev9}}</ref> …[[data envelopment analysis]], [[neural networks]], [[Expert System|expert systems]], [[decision analysis]], and the [[analytic hierarchy process]].<ref>{{cit
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  • …. The net result is that much of the sophisticated organization of complex systems may go undetected. '' …ptation, the opposite of that predicted by standard molecular evolutionary theory. We argue that this observation is most likely due to the existence of a co
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  • …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …ption|short description]]: "A holistic approach to the study of ecological systems" ([[User:Galobtter/Shortdesc helper|Shortdesc helper]])</nowiki>
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  • …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …ption|short description]]: "A holistic approach to the study of ecological systems" ([[User:Galobtter/Shortdesc helper|Shortdesc helper]])</nowiki>
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  • …3Z || Funandtrvl || <nowiki>removed [[Category:Systems]]; added [[Category:Systems science]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]]</nowiki> …defined. To do this properly, distinction between hard and soft complexity theory has also been introduced.</nowiki>
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  • …on|Fundamental physics principle stating that physical solutions of linear systems are linear}} {{About|the superposition principle in linear systems|other uses|Superposition (disambiguation)}}
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  • …itle = The Representation of Biological Systems from the Standpoint of the Theory of Categories | url = | journal = Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics | vol ….G., Menezes, P.B.:(2004). Composition of Transformations: A Framework for Systems with Dynamic Topology. ''International Journal of Computing Anticipatory Sy
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  • {{economic systems sidebar|by coordination}} …book|last=Gregory and Stuart|first=Paul & Robert|title=Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century|edition=7th|publisher=George Hoffman|year=2004|
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  • '''Social impact theory''' was created by [[Bibb Latané]] in 1981 and consists of four basic rules Social impact theory was created by Bibb Latané in 1981 and consists of four basic rules which
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  • …al Information Processing Systems |publisher=Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) Foundation |volume=21 |pages=545–552 |url=https://papers.nips.cc/p …s.pdf |journal=Electronic Proceedings of the Neural Information Processing Systems Conference |volume=27 |pages=5346 |arxiv=1409.3215 |bibcode=2014arXiv1409.3
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  • …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …and Humans → IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans</nowiki>
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  • …is closely related to similar processes, as program management cycle or [[systems development life cycle]], and has similar properties to those found in the …ss is closely related to similar processes, as program management cycle or systems development life cycle, and has similar properties to those found in the pr
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  • …in, using a large digital computer|journal=IRE Transactions on Information Theory|year=1956|volume=2|pages=80–93|issue=3}}</ref>.
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  • …elay and in-group favor |journal=Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=57–83 |doi=10.1007/s10588-008-9024-4}}</ref> A …ystems in general has been grouped under the heading of "[[general systems theory]]", particularly by [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy]], [[Anatol Rapoport]], [[Ralp
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  • …their own strategy.<ref name="Osborne">{{Cite book |title=A Course in Game Theory |last=Osborne |first=Martin J. |last2=Rubinstein |first2=Ariel |date=12 Jul …过改变自己的策略就能得到额外任何好处。<ref name="Osborne">{{Cite book |title=A Course in Game Theory |last=Osborne |first=Martin J. |last2=Rubinstein |first2=Ariel |date=12 Jul
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  • {{Short description|Concept in contract theory and economics}} In [[contract theory]] and [[economics]], '''information asymmetry''' deals with the study of de
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  • ==Dynamical systems, in general== *[[Dynamical systems and chaos theory]]
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  • …book| last1=Camazine| first1=Scott| title=Self-organization in Biological Systems| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMgyNN6Ufj0C| series=Princeton studi …ulaz, Guy |date=1999 |title=Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems |isbn=978-0-19-513159-8|publisher=OUP USA|pages=9–11|url=https://books.go
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  • …with a [[Rayleigh dissipation function]]). In particular, [[dissipative]] systems with [[Continuous symmetry|continuous symmetries]] need not have a correspo …systems with a Rayleigh dissipation function). In particular, dissipative systems with continuous symmetries need not have a corresponding conservation law.
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  • …d to promote civic competence|Social studies|the social-political-economic theory first pioneered by Karl Marx|Scientific socialism}} …ociology of [[Max Weber]] firmly demanded this distinction. In this route, theory (description) and prescription were non-overlapping formal discussions of…
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  • |keywords=博弈论,囚徒困境,对策论, game theory, théorème de jeu …代数学的一个新分支,也是运筹学的一个重要学科,在'''社会科学 Social science''' 、'''逻辑学 Logic'''、'''系统科学 Systems science'''和'''计算机科学 Computer science''' 中也有应用。 博
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  • In the mathematical theory of probability, the '''drift-plus-penalty method''' is used for optimizatio …rol for Time Varying Wireless Networks]," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 2915–2934, July 2006.
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  • …name=":14">Berry B J & F Horton (1971) ''Geographic Perspectives on Urban Systems'', John Wiley, N-Y.</ref> applying it to most important cities in the world …sed on mathematical programming, flows among economic sectors, or bid-rent theory. An alternative modeling perspective is to represent the system at the hig
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  • | quote = Complex Systems Biology and Life’s Logic in memory of Robert Rosen
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  • {{about|the technique/methodology|Sparx Systems Enterprise Architect|Enterprise Architect (software)}} …development and business change – in relation to the business information systems that the business depends on.
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  • …ple of a physically observable manifestation of the wave nature of quantum systems is the [[Interference (wave propagation)|interference]] peaks from an [[ele …ple of a physically observable manifestation of the wave nature of quantum systems is the interference peaks from an electron beam in a double-slit experiment
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  • {{About|the systems theory concept|the linear algebra concept|System of linear equations|the algebraic In [[systems theory]], a '''linear system''' is a [[mathematical model]] of a [[system]] based
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  • …ik_in_the_19th_century The term ‘Biosemiotik’ in the 19th century.] ''Sign Systems Studies'' 50(1): 173–178.</ref> but [[Thomas Sebeok]] and [[Thure von Uex …, see: Kull, Kalevi 2022. The term ‘Biosemiotik’ in the 19th century. Sign Systems Studies 50(1): 173–178. but Thomas Sebeok and Thure von Uexküll have imp
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  • …ing patterns that are regularly occurring rhythms. See also* What is SCPID theory? Government and Politics</nowiki> …terns theory is a new approach to understanding the behavior of al natural systems.</nowiki>
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  • …input. They have applications in image and video recognition, recommender systems, image classification, image segmentation, medical image analysis, natural …87be6106a3b84-Paper.pdf |journal=Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems |volume=1 |pages=31–40}}</ref>
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  • …arning in Distributed Control|date=2017|publisher=Handbook of Dynamic Game Theory|url=https://www.ece.ucsb.edu/~jrmarden/files/Learning-Chapter.pdf|access-da …organism的概念结合在一起,产生了关于集体智能如何运作的理论。后来,他展示了如何用计算机生成的 复杂自适应系统Complex adaptive systems和 遗传算法Genetic algorithms( 由约翰·霍兰德John Holland所开
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  • …ir |last2=Hussain |year=2011 |title=Agent-based Computing from Multi-agent Systems to Agent-Based Models: A Visual Survey |journal=Scientometrics |volume=89… …l |title=Agent-based modeling: Methods and techniques for simulating human systems |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United Stat
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  • …ref>For a discussion on the evolution and development of autopoietic legal systems, see, {{cite book | first = Neil T. | last = Lyons | chapter = Autopoiesis: …(It's Turtles All The Way Down) |journal=International Journal of General Systems |volume=21 |pages=267–269 |issue=2 |doi=10.1080/03081079208945080}}</ref>
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  • …ia, Los Angeles (UCLA), 2014. Title: Generalizability in Causal Inference: Theory and Algorithms. Advisor: Judea Pearl. Postdoctoral Scholar, Cognitive Systems Lab/UCLA, Judea Pearl, Fall/2014-Summer/2015.
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  • …th. The topics cover artificial intelligence, statistical physics, complex systems, biology, sociology, etc. …ated a new model for interdisciplinary research into economics and complex systems. As one of the first scholars to study complexity at the Santa Fe Institute
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  • …1923 reprint.) It was used to prove equipartition of energy in the kinetic theory of gases</ref> says that, over long periods of time, the time spent by a sy …m does ''not'' imply that the ergodic hypothesis holds for all Hamiltonian systems.
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  • …oldspink |first=C |year=2002 |title=Methodological Implications of Complex Systems Approaches to Sociality: Simulation as a Foundation for Knowledge |url=http
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  • …r|the term "back pressure" in describing fluid flow in piping and air vent systems|back pressure}} …eueing theory]], a discipline within the mathematical [[probability theory|theory of probability]], the '''backpressure routing algorithm''' is a method for
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  • …oldspink |first=C |year=2002 |title=Methodological Implications of Complex Systems Approaches to Sociality: Simulation as a Foundation for Knowledge |url=http …Emergence and communication in computational sociology]." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 43.1 (2013): 87-110.</ref>
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  • …[machine learning]] approaches to pattern recognition. Pattern recognition systems are in many cases trained from labeled "training" data ([[supervised learni …on machine learning approaches to pattern recognition. Pattern recognition systems are in many cases trained from labeled "training" data (supervised learning
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  • …zhikevich 2007">{{cite book | vauthors = Izhikevich EM | title = Dynamical systems in neuroscience | publisher = The MIT Press | location = Cambridge, Massach …ropagated by means of a set of differential equations. Using [[bifurcation theory|bifurcation analysis]], different oscillatory varieties of these neuronal…
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  • |keywords=控制理论,控制科学,Control theory |description=控制理论,控制科学,Control theory
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  • | 研究方向:|| 一般系统理论(general systems theory GST),生物学(Biology) …生长的方程式,该由贝塔朗菲于1969年提出的。 <ref>Bertalanffy, L. von, (1969). ''General System Theory''. New York: George Braziller, pp. 136</ref>
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  • 已由[[用户:Yillia Jing]]进行初步翻译,已由[[用户:Flipped]]进行审校。{{Information theory}} …th>. The circle on the left (red and violet) is the [[Entropy (information theory)|individual entropy]] <math>H(X)</math>, with the red being the [[condition
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  • …科学与工程丛书》副主编,在网络科学方面研究过无标度网络、全齐性网络、自然数网络、家族血缘树等。近年来还在国内外刊物IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine (2013), Scientific Reports (2016), National Science Review (2014, *陈清华 北京师范大学系统科学学院教授,Arizona State University及New England Complexity Systems Institute访问学者。主要从事非平衡系统理论、复杂性研究
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  • …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …ific evidence that I've heard of that cosmological objects act as adaptive systems is the [[Gaia hypothesis]]. [[Cosmology]] is not closely enough related to
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  • …|| 2019-11-07T20:16:13Z || 209.122.7.113 || <nowiki>/* Entropy in evolving systems */ Grammer</nowiki> …logycal aspects. Deleted difference of scales argument, because collective systems composed of many particles can have variational dynamics and then non-equil
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  • …|| 2019-11-07T20:16:13Z || 209.122.7.113 || <nowiki>/* Entropy in evolving systems */ Grammer</nowiki> …logycal aspects. Deleted difference of scales argument, because collective systems composed of many particles can have variational dynamics and then non-equil
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  • …|| 2019-11-07T20:16:13Z || 209.122.7.113 || <nowiki>/* Entropy in evolving systems */ Grammer</nowiki> …logycal aspects. Deleted difference of scales argument, because collective systems composed of many particles can have variational dynamics and then non-equil
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  • …ing, [[prototype-matching]], feature analysis, [[recognition-by-components theory]], bottom-up and top-down processing, and [[Fourier analysis]]. The applica …matching, prototype-matching, feature analysis, recognition-by-components theory, bottom-up and top-down processing, and Fourier analysis. The application…
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  • …has historically allowed the inclusion of previously unincorporated earth-systems such as [[ice sheets]] and [[carbon cycle]] feedbacks. These benefits are… …has historically allowed the inclusion of previously unincorporated earth-systems such as ice sheets and carbon cycle feedbacks. These benefits are conventio
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  • …rentialequationsstabilityanalysis.php Egwald Mathematics - Linear Algebra: Systems of Linear Differential Equations: Linear Stability Analysis] Accessed 10 Oc …t variable. When the variable is time, they are also called time-invariant systems.
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  • …tract algebra]], [[graph theory]], [[dynamical system]]s and [[probability theory]]. …atorics, abstract algebra, graph theory, dynamical systems and probability theory.
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  • …te (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system]], one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Examples include: the [[s …tate (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Examples include: the spi
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  • {{Information theory}} …tions include characterizing the relative (Shannon) entropy in information systems, randomness in continuous time-series, and information gain when comparing
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  • …[[cryptography]], algorithm research, [[artificial intelligence]], [[game theory]], multimedia processing, [[philosophy]], [[economics]] and many other fiel …thematics, cryptography, algorithm research, artificial intelligence, game theory, multimedia processing, philosophy, economics and many other fields.
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  • …y]], [[medicine]], [[sport]], and [[law]]. In the philosophy of [[decision theory]], Bayesian inference is closely related to subjective probability, often… …ilosophical Theories of Probability"; Routledge; Chapter 4 "The subjective theory"</ref>
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  • …Feedback loops]] represent a key feature of adaptive systems, such as [[ecosystems]] and individual [[organisms]]; or in the human world, [[communities]], [[o Artificial adaptive systems include [[robots]] with [[control system]]s that utilize [[negative feedbac
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  • …n used in physics and the physics-influenced literature. In [[probability theory]], the term [[probability space]] is more prevalent. …e described simply by a set of macroscopically observable variables. These systems can be described by statistical ensembles that depend on a few observable…
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  • …gent-based Computational Economics: Modeling Economies as Complex Adaptive Systems," ''Information Sciences'', 149(4), pp. [http://copper.math.buffalo.edu/urg …interacting agents. As such, it falls in the paradigm of complex adaptive systems. In corresponding agent-based models, the "agents" are "computational objec
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  • …de using agents|journal=Biosystems|volume=140|pages=49–57|doi=10.1016/j.biosystems.2015.12.007|pmid=26723230|year=2016|last1=Witzany|first1=Guenther}}</ref><r …te pathway‐like reactions in a plausible Archean ocean |journal= Molecular Systems Biology |volume= 10 |issue= 725 |page= 725 |doi= 10.1002/msb.20145228 |pmc=
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  • …ral network|network]] effects). To accelerate the convergence to a unified theory, we list several models in each category, and where applicable, also refere …f many cells (network effects). To accelerate the convergence to a unified theory, we list several models in each category, and where applicable, also refere
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  • …78 || 2012-05-23T22:05:03Z || Geistcj || <nowiki>/* Western history of the theory */</nowiki> …2011-12-25T19:32:24Z || 72.228.177.92 || <nowiki>/* Western history of the theory */</nowiki>
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  • | title = An Undulatory Theory of the Mechanics of Atoms and Molecules …be not only molecular, atomic, and subatomic systems, but also macroscopic systems, possibly even the whole universe.
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  • …ion]] (such as [[deforestation]] and general degradation of [[Ecosystem|ecosystems]]).<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17" /> …and land degradation (such as deforestation and general degradation of ecosystems).
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  • In [[computability theory (computer science)|computability theory]], the '''halting problem''' is the problem of determining, from a descript In computability theory, the halting problem is the problem of determining, from a description of…
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  • {{Short description|Information systems user theory}} …nformation systems|information system]] and subsequent usage behavior. The theory holds that there are four key constructs:
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  • {{Complex systems}} …rance of Turner and Killian's "Collective Behavior" (1957) and Smelser's ''Theory of Collective Behavior'' (1962). Both books pushed the topic of collective
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  • | 933560066 || 2020-01-01T19:18:04Z || Pleasantville || <nowiki>{{Complex systems}}</nowiki> …:08:48Z || Robcduk || <nowiki>/* Overview */ should be 'components /or/ subsystems'</nowiki>
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  • …、强耦合固体和细胞结构(参见'''细胞波茨模型 Cellular Potts Model、相互作用粒子系统 Interacting Particle Systems、麦肯-弗拉索夫过程 McKean-Vlasov Processes、气体动力学模型 …stings Algorithm: Insights into Theoretical Aspects|journal = IEEE Control Systems Magazine |volume = 39|pages = 56–67|year = 2019|last1 = Hill|first1 = Sta
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  • …ulence''' or '''turbulent flow''' is fluid motion characterized by [[Chaos theory|chaotic]] changes in [[pressure]] and [[flow velocity]]. It is in contrast …ssia]]n mathematician [[Andrey Kolmogorov]] proposed the first statistical theory of turbulence, based on the aforementioned notion of the energy cascade (an
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  • …|first6=Kristina |last7=Ahlers |first7=Guenter |title=Experiments on three systems with non-variational aspects |journal=Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena |date= …''的性质,这就要求研究者们对关于反应速率的相关知识有一定的掌握,而'''<font color="#ff8000">均相系统homogeneous systems</font>'''的平衡热力学中并未考虑这一点。这里提到的均相
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  • …= | journal = IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans | volume = 42 | issue = 6| pages = 1425–1439 | doi = 10.1109/T …xplores the simulation of societies as [[complex system|complex non-linear systems]], which are difficult to study with classical mathematical equation-based
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  • ''News analysis can also be seen from the lens of complex systems, gathering many types of entities, attributes and interactions over time.… …, finding the global, or nearly global optimum is difficult. In biological systems, it is believed that natural selection slowly guides the network towards an
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  • ''News analysis can also be seen from the lens of complex systems, gathering many types of entities, attributes and interactions over time.… …, finding the global, or nearly global optimum is difficult. In biological systems, it is believed that natural selection slowly guides the network towards an
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  • …first = Kevin |title = Out of control: The new biology of machines, social systems and the economic world |publisher = Addison-Wesley |location = Boston |year
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  • {{short description|Neuroscientific theory}} …lso called '''Hebb's rule''', '''Hebb's postulate''', and '''cell assembly theory'''. Hebb states it as follows:
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  • …:43:07Z || 174.93.5.99 || <nowiki>/* Bifurcations in 1D discrete dynamical systems */</nowiki> …:24:29Z || 174.93.5.99 || <nowiki>/* Bifurcations in 1D discrete dynamical systems */</nowiki>
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  • …en|first9=Xiaosong|title=Eigen microstates and their evolutions in complex systems|journal=Communications in Theoretical Physics|date=6 May 2021|volume=73|iss …5=Liu|first5=Maoxin|last6=Chen|first6=Xiaosong|title=Renormalization Group Theory of Eigen Microstates|journal=Chinese Physics Letters|date=7 June 2022|volum
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  • …uch fields of study as [[biology]], [[transaction cost economics]], [[game theory]], [[ethics]], [[psychology]], [[sociology]] and [[politics]]. …ncept in such fields of study as biology, transaction cost economics, game theory, ethics, psychology, sociology and politics.
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  • …er, Lemont B.; Seybold, Paul G.; Cheng, Chao-Kun (2005). Modeling Chemical Systems using Cellular Automata. Springer. ISBN 9781402036576.</ref>对于每个单
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  • …07-26T23:42:46Z || Ruud Koot || <nowiki>/* See also */ [[Artificial immune systems]]</nowiki> …29 || 2013-11-23T14:28:38Z || 95.81.103.87 || <nowiki>/* Artificial immune systems */</nowiki>
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  • …pecies that ranges from single neurons to populations of neurons to larger systems like cortical areas. Given the methodological uncertainties involved in inf …pecies that ranges from single neurons to populations of neurons to larger systems like cortical areas. Given the methodological uncertainties involved in inf
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  • …on Content of Neural Signaling] | International Conference on Neuromorphic Systems 2020" (in English). doi:[https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3407197.3407204 10. …G 2014 Neuromorphic electronic circuits for building autonomous cognitive systems Proc. IEEE 102 1367–88.</ref>。
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  • …absence of a mathematical model of the environment. In economics and game theory, reinforcement learning may be used to explain how equilibrium may arise un …absence of a mathematical model of the environment. In economics and game theory, reinforcement learning may be used to explain how equilibrium may arise un
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  • …first1=Elizabeth A. |last1=Minton|first2=Lynn R. |last2=Kahle|title=Belief Systems, Religion, and Behavioral Economics: Marketing in Multicultural Environment …g|thumb|140px|亚当·斯密Adam Smith,《国富论 The Wealth of Nations》(1776)和《道德情操论 The Theory of Moral Sentiments》(1759)的作者]]
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  • …he power that sustains the motion must be modulated externally. In linear systems, self-oscillation appears as an instability associated with a negative damp …外部源。因此,自激振荡器不同于受迫和参数共振器,后者维持运动的源必须由外部调制。在<font color="#ff8000">线性系统 linear systems</font>中,自激振荡表现为与负阻尼项相关的失稳,导致小
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  • …th_deep_convolutional.pdf|journal=NIPS 2012: Neural Information Processing Systems, Lake Tahoe, Nevada}} …first3=Richard|date=2016|journal=Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems|pages=}}</ref>
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  • …ref>{{Cite book |last=Meadows |first=Donella |date=2008 |title=Thinking in Systems: A Primer |publisher=[[Chelsea Green Publishing]] |page=145–165 |isbn=978 …ref>{{Cite book |last=Meadows |first=Donella |date=2008 |title=Thinking in Systems: A Primer |publisher=[[Chelsea Green Publishing]] |page=145–165 |isbn=978
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  • …d may be depicted physically or logically. It is an application of [[graph theory]]<ref name="GrantC2">{{cite book|title=Network Topology in Command and Cont …and may be depicted physically or logically. It is an application of graph theory wherein communicating devices are modeled as nodes and the connections betw
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  • …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …sk]], replaced: Int. J. General Systems → International Journal of General Systems (3)</nowiki>
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  • …ude Shannon]]在1948年的一篇题为'''<font color="#ff8000">《一种通信的数学理论 A Mathematical Theory of Communication 》</font>'''的里程碑式论文中提出的,其目的 …学<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jaynes|first1=E. T.|year=1957|title=Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics|url=http://bayes.wustl.edu/|journal=Phys. Rev.|vo
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  • …ther with [[Turing]]'s work on computing machines) central to [[biological theory]] as well, allowing us to "discipline our thoughts about machines, both nat …(together with Turing's work on computing machines) central to biological theory as well, allowing us to "discipline our thoughts about machines, both natur
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  • …|last2=William |first2=Murray |last3=Leonard |first3=Adelman |title=Expert systems|journal=AccessScience |language=en |doi=10.1036/1097-8542.248550}}</ref>。
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  • …g or spoiling the shared resource through their [[collective action]]. The theory originated in an essay written in 1833 by the British economist [[William… …eting or spoiling the shared resource through their collective action. The theory originated in an essay written in 1833 by the British economist William For
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  • …the publication of [[Claude E. Shannon]]'s classic paper "[[A Mathematical Theory of Communication]]" in the ''[[Bell System Technical Journal]]'' in July an …, was the publication of Claude E. Shannon's classic paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" in the Bell System Technical Journal in July and October
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  • In [[mathematics]], specifically [[bifurcation theory]], the '''Feigenbaum constants''' are two [[mathematical constant]]s which In mathematics, specifically bifurcation theory, the Feigenbaum constants are two mathematical constants which both express
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  • …[World War II]], appearing in dictionaries and scholarly works such as the theory of [[Talcott Parsons]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Morawski|first1=Jill G.|la …er World War II, appearing in dictionaries and scholarly works such as the theory of Talcott Parsons.
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  • …PA46&dq=most+systems+are+inherently+nonlinear+in+nature#v=onepage&q=most%20systems%20are%20inherently%20nonlinear%20in%20nature&f=false|accessdate=20 January *'''[[分岔理论]] Bifurcation Theory'''
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  • {{short description|Analysis of social structures using network and graph theory}} …ial structures through the use of [[Network theory|networks]] and [[graph theory]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Social network analysis: a powerful strategy,
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  • …Z || Marcocapelle || <nowiki>removed [[Category:Economic theories]], not a theory but a subfield</nowiki> …sive economics]] , as covered in M.A. macro/micro, not "recursive function theory" (math logic)</nowiki>
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  • [[File:Complex systems organizational map.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.20]] …念在'''整合层次理论 theories of integrative levels''' 和'''复杂系统 theories of complex systems''' 理论中扮处于核心地位。例如,生物学所研究的生命现
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  • …-last3=Zhang | editor-first3=Zili | title=Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems. SETSS 2018 | series=[[Lecture Notes in Computer Science]] | volume=11430… | thesis_title = Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals
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  • …net|year=1999–2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Physical Geography: Great Systems and Global Environments …esearch; however, it does have an [[earth science]] side that embraces the systems approach. Similar to most fields of physical geography it has sub-fields th
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  • …etworks: A Review on Major Network Motif Discovery Algorithms |journal=IET Systems Biology |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=164–74 |year=2012|doi=10.1049/iet-syb.2 …|G&prime;}}.<ref name="die1">{{cite journal |author=Diestel R |title=Graph Theory (Graduate Texts in Mathematics) |volume=173 |year=2005|publisher=New York:
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  • …of Variables | title = NIPS-15: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems | volume = 28 | pages = 1855–1863 | year = 2015 }}</ref> …sands of Variables.] In NIPS-16: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 29, 2016.</ref>
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  • …T04:33:28Z || 2601:281:8000:2CDB:7985:A02A:8C39:1458 || <nowiki>/* Complex systems modelling */</nowiki> …botics, and biochemistry" to "A field of study wherein researchers examine systems related to natural life, its processes, and its evolution, through the use
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  • | 939183551 || 2020-02-04T21:43:31Z || 174.255.0.133 || <nowiki>/* Dynamic systems */</nowiki> | 939182205 || 2020-02-04T21:34:22Z || 174.255.0.133 || <nowiki>/* Dynamic systems */</nowiki>
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  • …el III: A global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems, 2010|work=Basel Committee on Banking Supervision}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|ur …tion=Finland |oclc=228221660 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Essays in the Theory of Risk-Bearing |last=Arrow |first=Kenneth |year=1971 |publisher=Markham |l
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  • …yarmati 1970">Gyarmati, I. (1970). ''Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics: Field Theory and Variational Principles'', Springer, Berlin; translated, by E. Gyarmati …">Grandy, W.T., Jr (2008). ''Entropy and the Time Evolution of Macroscopic Systems'', Oxford University Press, Oxford, {{ISBN|978-0-19-954617-6}}.</ref>的说
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  • …|title=Computer Science Handbook, Second Edition (Section VII: Intelligent Systems) |location=Boca Raton, Florida |publisher=Chapman & Hall/CRC Press LLC |yea
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  • …does not solve the [[measurement problem]], as the founders of decoherence theory admit in their seminal papers.<ref name="Adler2001">Joos and Zeh (1985) sta …it does not solve the measurement problem, as the founders of decoherence theory admit in their seminal papers.
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  • …m]]s. It gives an example application to [[optimal control]] in [[Queueing_theory#Queueing_networks|queueing networks]]. This article describes Lyapunov optimization for dynamical systems. It gives an example application to optimal control in queueing networks.
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  • …85 || 2019-12-27T13:42:50Z || Jochen Burghardt || <nowiki>/* Computability theory */ POV</nowiki> …4-04T11:33:22Z || MinorEnglishMajor || <nowiki>/* Computational complexity theory */Corrected punctuation</nowiki>
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  • …2800:A805:5DEB:5BB4:B881 || <nowiki>/* See also */ Added Topics in Control theory and other related topics</nowiki> …5:32Z || Chjoaygame || <nowiki>/* Relation of exchange equilibrium between systems */ add reference</nowiki>
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  • …2800:A805:5DEB:5BB4:B881 || <nowiki>/* See also */ Added Topics in Control theory and other related topics</nowiki> …5:32Z || Chjoaygame || <nowiki>/* Relation of exchange equilibrium between systems */ add reference</nowiki>
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  • …1975年,他写下了[[遗传算法]]的开创性著作《自然于人工系统的适应性v(Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems)》,还建立了[[霍兰德模式理论]]。 * Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems (1975, MIT Press)
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  • …Talcott ([1937] 1949). ''The Structure of Social Action: A Study in Social Theory with Special Reference to a Group of European Writers''. New York, NY: The
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  • …losed [[physical system]] called a [[computer]]. Examples of such physical systems are [[digital computer]]s, [[mechanical computer]]s, [[quantum computer]]s, …side a closed physical system called a computer. Examples of such physical systems are digital computers, mechanical computers, quantum computers, DNA compute
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  • …01-26T16:20:15Z || 50.21.142.202 || <nowiki>/* See also */ Effective field theory</nowiki> …09:45Z || 50.21.142.202 || <nowiki>/* Related theories */ full name of the theory</nowiki>
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  • …hors = Kermack WO, McKendrick AG |title=A Contribution to the Mathematical Theory of Epidemics |journal= Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series… …ay McKendrick]] as a special case of what we now call [[Kermack–McKendrick theory]], and followed work McKendrick had done with [[Ronald Ross]].
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  • …|first6=Kristina |last7=Ahlers |first7=Guenter |title=Experiments on three systems with non-variational aspects |journal=Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena |date= …<ref name="G&P 1971">Glansdorff, P., Prigogine, I. (1971). ''Thermodynamic Theory of Structure, Stability, and Fluctuations'', Wiley-Interscience, London, 19
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  • …terns are the most carefully examined example of self-organizing nonlinear systems. …sicist, in 1900. <!-- The experiment illustrated the theory of dissipative systems. <=== this statement needs to be explained in context -->
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  • …r|the term "back pressure" in describing fluid flow in piping and air vent systems|back pressure}} …eueing theory]], a discipline within the mathematical [[probability theory|theory of probability]], the '''backpressure routing algorithm''' is a method for
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  • …Universals (metaphysics)|universals]]. He considered these to consist of [[Theory of Forms|ideal forms]] ({{lang|grc|εἶδος}} ''eidos'': "form") of whic …tems''. [[Academic Press]], New York, 1980. {{isbn|0-12-597140-0}}</ref> L-systems have an [[alphabet]] of symbols that can be combined using [[Formal grammar
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  • …神经元网络。Wilson和 Cowan<ref name=":1">H R Wilson and J D Cowan. A mathematical theory of the functional dynamics of cortical and thalamic nervous tissue. Kyberne …09</ref> 和 Bressloff <ref name=":6">P C Bressloff. Stochastic neural field theory and the system-size expansion. SIAM J. Applied Mathematics, 70:1488-1521,…
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  • …predict its future course will always fail. This underscores that physical systems can be completely deterministic and yet still be inherently unpredictable… …year = 2020| title = Attractor Dimension Estimates for Dynamical Systems: Theory and Computation|
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  • …ism of Membrane Potential Generation Observed in Both Living and Nonliving Systems | journal = Membranes | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 11 | date = Januar …51" group="lower-alpha">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rushton WA | title = A theory of the effects of fibre size in medullated nerve | journal = The Journal of
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  • ===自私牧群原理 Selfish Herd Theory===
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  • …n-complex-systems-pioneer-join-uvm-faculty |title=Stuart Kauffman, complex systems pioneer, to join UVM faculty |work=Vermontbiz.com |publisher=Vermont Busine …ite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20120071333 |title=Uses of systems with degrees of freedom poised between fully quantum and fully classical st
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  • …science]], etc. Networked systems are typically characterized as [[complex systems]] consisting of many units coupled by specific, potentially changing, inter …ter science, etc. Networked systems are typically characterized as complex systems consisting of many units coupled by specific, potentially changing, interac
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  • …elating supercooling and glass-like arrest of kinetics for phase separated systems: DopedCeFe2and(La,Pr,Ca)MnO3|journal=Physical Review B|volume=73|issue=18|p …= V. Wolynes | last2 = Wolynes | first2 = Peter G. | year = 2007 | title = Theory of Structural Glasses and Supercooled Liquids | journal = Annual Review of
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  • …'<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|doi=10.1073/pnas.17.5.315|title=Hamiltonian Systems and Transformation in Hilbert Space|journal=Proceedings of the National Aca 在'''物理学physics'''中,特别是在'''动力系统dynamical systems'''领域,组合运算符通常被称为'''库普曼运算符Koopman opera
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  • …h cycle.svg|thumb|A graph with edges colored to illustrate a [[Path (graph theory)#Walk, trail, and path|closed walk]] H–A–B–A–H in green, a circuit …'''directed cycle''' in a [[directed graph]] is a non-empty [[Path (graph theory)#Directed walk, directed trail, and directed path|directed trail]] in which
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  • …pmc=1084562|title=Analytical Note on Certain Rhythmic Relations in Organic Systems|journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.|volume=6|issue=7|pages=410–415|year …ook|last1=Cooke|first1=D.|last2=Hiorns|first2=R. W.|title=The Mathematical Theory of the Dynamics of Biological Populations|volume=II|publisher=Academic Pres
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  • …first1 = David L. | year = 2006 | title = For most large underdetermined systems of linear equations the minimal 1-norm solution is also the sparsest soluti …ear=2006|last1=Donoho|first1=D.L.|journal=IEEE Transactions on Information Theory|volume=52|issue=4|pages=1289–1306}}</ref> This idea is the basis of compr
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  • | 855877485 || 2018-08-21T12:30:03Z || 106.204.96.239 || <nowiki>/* Theory */</nowiki> | 849374117 || 2018-07-08T14:57:13Z || DMacks || <nowiki>/* Theory */ syntax</nowiki>
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  • …d functions are objects of study in computer science, fractals, dynamical systems, mathematics and renormalization group physics. …an [[unstable fixed point]].<ref>Istratescu, Vasile (1981). ''Fixed Point Theory, An Introduction'', D. Reidel, Holland. {{ISBN|90-277-1224-7}}.</ref>
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  • …是核方法和因果关系方面的工作而闻名。他是蒂宾根马克斯普朗克智能系统研究所(Max Planck Institute for intelligence Systems)所长,领导该所的经验推理研究部门。他还是苏黎世联邦 …tatistical Test of Independence. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 20, 2007</ref>。
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  • …seminal contribution to neural network theory, the theory of automata, the theory of computation, and cybernetics".<ref name = "KA04"/> …seminal contribution to neural network theory, the theory of automata, the theory of computation, and cybernetics".
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  • …ite book|last=McCulloch|first=Richard, S.|title=Treatise on the Mechanical Theory of Heat and its Applications to the Steam-Engine, etc.|publisher=D. Van Nos …Motive Power of Heat, and on the Laws which can be deduced from it for the Theory of Heat] : Poggendorff's ''Annalen der Physik und Chemie''</ref>Clausius把
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  • …ntelligent Systems and Technology (TIST) → ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology</nowiki> …wiki>/* Systems theory and structural functionalism */ no need to mention "systems dynamicists" by name at the end. Especially since they are an unrelated gro
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  • …ctions shift the value and the corrections can be calculated by mean-field theory. …ctions shift the value and the corrections can be calculated by mean-field theory.
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  • …jfel & Turner (1979).">Tajfel, H., and J. C. Turner (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W.G. Austin & S. Worchel (eds.), ''The social ps …social identity theory.Tajfel, H., and J. C. Turner (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W.G. Austin & S. Worchel (eds.), The social psyc
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  • …k|title = The Unity of Science and Economics: A New Foundation of Economic Theory|last = Chen|first = Jing|publisher = Springer|year = 2015|isbn = |location …|first2=Chris |last3=Packard |first3=Andrew |title=Networks of Dissipative Systems |date=2016 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-319-299
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  • 关于这个机器的一些想法,可以参考[[自复制自动机理论 Theory of Self-reproducing Automata]]。
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  • …ar=2005|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-642-14278-9|url=http://diestel-graph-theory.com/}}</ref><ref>{{citation In the mathematical field of graph theory, a bipartite graph (or bigraph) is a graph whose vertices can be divided in
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  • …overy |last1=Dedić |first1=N. |title=Innovations in Enterprise Information Systems Management and Engineering |last2=Stanier |first2=C. |issn=1865-1356 |oclc=
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  • Complex dynamics is the study of dynamical systems defined by iteration of functions on complex number spaces. Complex analyti …amical-systems Surveys in Dynamical systems available on-line at Dynamical Systems Homepage of Institute for Mathematical Sciences SUNY at Stony Brook]</ref>
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  • …re omitted. Bifurcation diagrams enable the visualization of [[bifurcation theory]]. …are omitted. Bifurcation diagrams enable the visualization of bifurcation theory.
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  • …rom the commencement of significant human impact on Earth's geology and ecosystems, including, but not limited to, anthropogenic climate change. …erpopulation#Dangers and effects|growing human influence]] on land use, ecosystems, [[biodiversity]], and [[Holocene extinction|species extinction]] – is su
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  • …sed biologically-inspired learning methods are available such as [[Hebbian theory|Hebbian learning]] and [[Spike-timing-dependent plasticity|STDP]], no effec * BindsNET – developed by the Biologically Inspired Neural and Dynamical Systems (BINDS) lab at the [[University of Massachusetts Amherst]].<ref>{{Cite web
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  • In the context of models of computation or of physical systems, ''quantum cellular automaton'' refers to the merger of elements of both (1 …'. The cells are usually taken to be identical, finite·dimensional quantum systems (e.g. each cell is a [[qubit]]).
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  • {{Short description|Parameter in differential equations and dynamical systems}} In [[mathematics]] and particularly in [[dynamic systems]], an '''initial condition''', in some contexts called a '''seed value'''<r
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  • …d in various ways among the general public, many specialists in [[decision theory]], [[statistics]] and other quantitative fields have defined uncertainty,… …sed in various ways among the general public, many specialists in decision theory, statistics and other quantitative fields have defined uncertainty, risk,…
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  • …ki>Moving from [[Category:Control theory]] to [[Category:Classical control theory]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]]</nowiki> …wiki>removed [[Category:Theories of history]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] not a Theory of History</nowiki>
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  • …k | journal = IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans | volume = 42 | issue = 6| pages = 1425–1439 | doi = 10.1109/T …系统协会 North American Association of Computational Social and Organizational Systems的创始主席,该协会后来演变成了现在的CSSSA。
    25 KB(1,259个字) - 2021年9月11日 (六) 14:45
  • …n which the system is allowed to exchange [[heat]] with the [[Environment (systems)|environment]] at fixed temperature, volume, and [[number of particles]].… …he number of constituent particles are fixed. A collection of this kind of systems comprises an ensemble called a [[canonical ensemble]]. The appropriate [[ma
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  • …hieh Su. ''Cell-to-cell mapping: a method of global analysis for nonlinear systems''. Vol. 64. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013 …of the most studied examples of [[dynamical system]]s that exhibit [[chaos theory|chaotic behavior]]. The Hénon map takes a point (''x<sub>n</sub>'',&nbsp;'
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  • …e article must be rewritten for the general reader. See [[Talk:Catastrophe theory#Completely inaccesible to laypeople]], particularly my comment on 2018-09-3 …52 || <nowiki>/* References */ new article about cusp model in catastrophe theory</nowiki>
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  • …, this finding suggests that complex organic molecules may form in stellar systems prior to the formation of planets, eventually arriving on young planets ear …| pages = 93–102 | date = Oct 2005 | pmid = 16024164 | doi = 10.1016/j.biosystems.2005.06.003 }}</ref>
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  • …modeling] of [https://wiki.swarma.org/index.php/Economic_systems economic systems], whether [https://wiki.swarma.org/index.php/Agent-based_computational_econ &nbsp;&nbsp; • Keisuke Hirano, 2008. "decision theory in econometrics," ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition
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  • …=John A. |title=Regime shifts occur disproportionately faster in larger ecosystems |journal=Nature Communications |date=10 March 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pag …Earth system have led to abrupt changes in climate, ecological and social systems during the past 30,000 years. The authors point out that "the geological re
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  • …etworks: A Review on Major Network Motif Discovery Algorithms |journal=IET Systems Biology |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=164–74 |year=2012|doi=10.1049/iet-syb.2 …isomorphism。<ref name="die1">{{cite journal |author=Diestel R |title=Graph Theory (Graduate Texts in Mathematics) |volume=173 |year=2005|publisher=New York:
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  • …ster 教授创立的。<ref>Forrester, Jay (1971). Counterintuitive behavior of social systems. Technology Review 73(3): 52–68</ref> 1956年,Forrester 接受了新成 …过了解一个系统的结构,就有可能确定一个系统在一定时间段内的行为。<ref>Meadows, Donella. (2008). Thinking in Systems: A Primer. Earthscan</ref>
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  • 1988 年,《智能系统中的概率推理:合理推断网络》 Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems, Morgan-Kaufmann, 1988 …blem definitions; this idea led to dramatic advances in automated planning systems.''
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  • '''分岔理论 Bifurcation theory'''是数学中研究给定族的定性或[[拓扑结构]]的改变,例如 …[异宿环]]。<ref>{{cite book |title=Bifurcation Theory and Methods of Dynamical Systems|last=Luo|first=Dingjun|authorlink= |publisher=World Scientific|year=1997|i
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  • …fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/A%20Free%20Energy%20Principle%20for%20Biological%20Systems.pdf|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Colombo | first1=Mat …>Nicolis, G., & Prigogine, I. (1977). Self-organization in non-equilibrium systems. New York: John Wiley.</ref> 例如自组装,模式形成,自生<ref>Ma
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  • …zure Detection in Intracranial EEG|journal=International Journal of Neural Systems|language=en|volume=25|issue=6|pages=1550020|doi=10.1142/s0129065715500203|p Multifractal systems are common in nature. They include the length of coastlines, mountain topog
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  • …pmc=}}</ref> 不同程度自相似的分形图形进行了研究,并反过来利用分形理论去生成新的图形、结构和音频。此外,分形和[[混沌理论 Chaos Theory]]密切相关,因为混沌过程的图形大多数都是分形。<ref>{{c …Toward a unified theory of development : connectionism and dynamic systems theory re-considered |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford/New York
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  • …is generally not considered to be a part of what's described in [[systems theory]]</nowiki> …8-07-02T21:42:05Z || Paolo.dL || <nowiki>The intro needs a link to systems theory</nowiki>
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  • In mathematics, more specifically in the study of dynamical systems and differential equations, a Liénard equationLiénard, A. (1928) "Etude d …ok |first=Lawrence |last=Perko |title=Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems |location=New York |publisher=Springer |year=1991 |edition=Third |isbn=0-38
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  • …y with additive noise models. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 21, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 2009. …cation to the post-nonlinear causal model. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST), 7(2), 1-22.
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  • …aniel Bernoulli]]最早提出基于'''效用 Utility'''的偏好。新古典主义经济理论 Neoclassical Economic Theory的创始人之一,前耶鲁大学经济学教授[[欧文·费歇尔 Irvin …分。事实上,正如Bruna Ingrao和Giorgio Israe所阐述的那样,经济学中的[[一般均衡理论 general equilibrium theory]]是基于力学平衡的物理概念。
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  • …ution=2.1 Acyclic Digraphs|pages=32–34}}.</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Graph theory: an algorithmic approach|first=Nicos|last=Christofides||publisher=Academic …非平凡路径到达自身的图。<ref>{{citation|title=Simulation Techniques for Discrete Event Systems|volume=14|series=Cambridge Computer Science Texts|first=I.|last=Mitrani|yea
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  • …'。但是,即使在量子场论的'''圈图 loop diagrams'''中没有出现无穷大,对原'''拉格朗日场理论 Lagrangian (Field Theory)'''中出现的质量和场进行重整化也是必要的。<ref>See e.g.,
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  • …e, Magnus; Shipp, Karen (29 September 2009). ''Magnus Ramage, Karen Shipp. Systems Thinkers (p. 227)''. ISBN <bdi>9781848825253</bdi>. Retrieved 12 March 2012
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  • …ph L. Levine, Hiram E. Fitzgerald. ''Analysis of the dynamic psychological systems: methods and applications''(1992) page 123</ref>
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  • …Thomas M.|date=1975|title=Ergodic Theorems for Weakly Interacting Infinite Systems and the Voter Model|url=https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aop/1176996306|jou In the mathematical theory of probability, the voter model is an interacting particle system introduce
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  • …)|graph]] in which the [[Vertex (graph theory)|vertices]] or [[Edge (graph theory)|edges]] are ''spatial elements'' associated with [[Geometry|geometric]] ob …treets as links, which is referred to as a [[Transportation network (graph theory)|transportation network]].
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  • …为'''简单博弈 simple games'''(投票博弈 voting games);这个概念被应用于解决社会选择理论 social choice theory 中的问题。在一些文献中,超边被称为''超连接''或''连接
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  • In the language of Category theory, the mixed-product property of the Kronecker product (and more general tens …appear naturally in physics when considering ensembles of non-interacting systems. Let H<sup>i</sup> be the Hamiltonian of the ith such system. Then the tota
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  • …P process partially explains the activity-dependent development of nervous systems, especially with regard to [[long-term potentiation]] and [[long-term depre …P process partially explains the activity-dependent development of nervous systems, especially with regard to long-term potentiation and long-term depression.
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  • 在[[混沌理论]] chaos theory 中,蝴蝶效应指的是动力系统 dynamical system 的一种属性, …系统的初始条件敏感依赖性被<ref>Devaney, R. (2003). An introduction to chaotic dynamical systems. Westview press.</ref>定义为,存在正数<math>\delta >0</math> 满足
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  • …ents the convergence and coupling of different people's [[neurocognitive]] systems, and it is thought to be the neural substrate for many forms of interperson …presents the convergence and coupling of different people's neurocognitive systems, and it is thought to be the neural substrate for many forms of interperson
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  • 在数学上,'''稳定性理论 Stability theory'''被用于研究'''微分方程Differential equation'''解的稳定性和'
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  • …2020-03-19T11:04:38Z || Lady-Phoenix || <nowiki>/* Network and distributed systems */</nowiki> …2019-12-16T11:01:15Z || Patriciaendo || <nowiki>/* Network and distributed systems */</nowiki>
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  • …Theoretical reconstruction of the stoichiometry of ATP and NADH producing systems | journal = Bulletin of Mathematical Biology | volume = 63 | issue = 1 | pa …kataraman G, Paulson JC, Sasisekharan R | title = Glycomics: an integrated systems approach to structure-function relationships of glycans | journal = Nature
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  • …图与无限图的理论 ''Theory of finite and infinite graphs''》。 <ref>{{cite book|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs |author=Dénes Kőnig|publisher=Birkhäuser B …90年代,在Paul Erdős和Alfréd Rényi发表了8篇关于[[随机图]]的著名论文之后,网络科学中的概率论 Probabilistic theory作为图论的一个分支发展起来了。对于[[社交网络 social net
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  • …-7695-2883-0 |pages=3 |chapter=A Generic Mean Field Convergence Result for Systems of Interacting Objects |doi=10.1109/QEST.2007.8 |pmc= |pmid= |citeseerx=10. Mean-field theory can be applied to a number of physical systems so as to study phenomena such as phase transitions.
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  • …They overcome the low data availability of some biological and engineering systems that makes most state-of-the-art machine learning techniques lack robustnes …They overcome the low data availability of some biological and engineering systems that makes most state-of-the-art machine learning techniques lack robustnes
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  • …Julia set consists of values such that an arbitrarily small [[Perturbation theory|perturbation]] can cause drastic changes in the sequence of iterated functi …he Fatou set is "regular", while on the Julia set its behavior is "[[chaos theory|chaotic]]".
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  • …377 || 2017-05-23T23:41:25Z || 66.201.56.195 || <nowiki>Serial vs Parallel systems</nowiki> …994 || 2016-12-11T21:27:55Z || Hlandis333 || <nowiki>Moved the recommender systems series down to the bottom of the page with the rest of the related series</
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  • …gent-based Computational Economics: Modeling Economies as Complex Adaptive Systems," ''Information Sciences'', 149(4), pp. [http://copper.math.buffalo.edu/urg …ord. [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Economics/MacroeconomicTheory/?view=usa&ci=9780198288695 Description] and chapter-preview 1st-page [https
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  • 为了取代高度简化的经典经济模型方法,西蒙在他的著作《管理行为 Administrative Behavior》中以提出了他著名的'''公司决策理论 Theory of Corporate Decision'''。在这本书中,他提炼出了一系列概念 ''If there were no limits to human rationality administrative theory would be barren. It would consist of the single precept: Always select that
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  • …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …15:33:13Z || Marcocapelle || <nowiki>removed parent category of [[Category:Theory of constraints]]</nowiki>
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  • # Shannon, C.E. 1948. A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Bell System Technical Journal 27:379-423 623-656. (香农 # Neumann, J. V. 1966. Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata. In Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata, edited by A. W. Burks. Urbana: University of
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  • …e book|last=McCulloch|first=Richard Sears|title=Treatise on the mechanical theory of heat and its applications to the steam-engine, etc.|url=https://books.go …emical Equilibrium'', is that "living organisms are [[open system (systems theory)|open]] to their environment and can build up at the expense of foodstuffs
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  • …pendent PAC-Bayes margin bound]. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402185336/http://papers.nips.cc/paper/45
    61 KB(6,004个字) - 2020年4月28日 (二) 16:47
  • …'') is a [[strange attractor]] observed from a physical electronic [[Chaos theory|chaotic]] circuit (generally, [[Chua's circuit]]) with a single [[Nonlinear In the mathematics of dynamical systems, the double-scroll attractor (sometimes known as Chua's attractor) is a str
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  • …者说,A会产生更多的B,而B又会产生更多的A,与之相反的是,[[负反馈]]指的是一个系统中,变化的结果会减少或抵消它自己的影响。<ref name="theorymodelling" />这两个概念在科学和工程等领域中发挥着重要作
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  • …4 || 2017-12-02T09:13:13Z || Omermar || <nowiki>/* Fields */ chemistry --> systems chemistry</nowiki> | 764148556 || 2017-02-07T10:08:26Z || 173.20.166.206 || <nowiki>/* Theory */</nowiki>
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  • …ook |author=Maynard Smith, J. |authorlink=John Maynard Smith |chapter=Game Theory and The Evolution of Fighting |title=On Evolution |publisher=Edinburgh Univ
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  • …dtrvl || <nowiki>removed [[Category:Systems]]; added [[Category:Biological systems]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]]</nowiki> …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki>
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  • …form, quantum walks, amplitude amplification and topological quantum field theory. Quantum algorithms may also be grouped by the type of problem solved, for …antum walk]]s, [[amplitude amplification]] and [[topological quantum field theory]]. Quantum algorithms may also be grouped by the type of problem solved, fo
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  • …m]]s. It gives an example application to [[optimal control]] in [[Queueing_theory#Queueing_networks|queueing networks]]. …rol a dynamical system. Lyapunov functions are used extensively in control theory to ensure different forms of system stability. The state of a system at a…
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  • …CCM is based on the theory of [[dynamical system]]s and can be applied to systems where causal variables have synergistic effects. The fundamental idea of th ==Theory 理论==
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  • …帕萨迪纳市举办了希克森研讨会,John von Neumann在会上发表了题为“自动机的一般逻辑理论 The General and Logical Theory of Automata”的演讲。他将“[[自动机]]”定义为:通过结合
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  • …perform hill climbing? | journal=Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems| year=1994 | volume=6 | pages=51–58 | url=http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mit …haos: Evolving cellular automata to perform computations | journal=Complex Systems | year=1993 | volume=7 | pages=89–130 | url=http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~mm/r
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  • "An overview of reservoir computing: theory, applications, and implementations." …ings of the 21st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems|url=http://papers.nips.cc/paper/3495-weighted-sums-of-random-kitchen-sinks-
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  • …dding technique using Wikipedia|journal=Journal of Intelligent Information Systems|volume=53|pages=137–165|language=en|doi=10.1007/s10844-018-0511-x|issn=09 …year=1968}}</ref> but has also roots in the contemporaneous work on search systems <ref name=":14"><nowiki>{cite journal|last=Luhn|first=H.P.|year=1953|title=
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  • …arxiv.org/abs/q-bio/0701039 "Universally Sloppy Parameter Sensitivities in Systems Biology"], Ryan N. Gutenkunst, Joshua J. Waterfall, Fergal P. Casey, Kevin …705 Bridging Mechanistic and Phenomenological Models of Complex Biological Systems], Mark K. Transtrum and Peng Qiu, PLoS Comput Biol 12(5): e1004915. https:/
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  • …st1=Karol|title=The foundations of socionics - a review.|journal=Cognitive Systems Research|volume=47|year=2018|pages=1–11|doi=10.1016/J.COGSYS.2017.07.001} …to these characteristics, organisms may be considered analogous to digital systems.<ref name="kepinski1972"/><ref name="kepinski1974"/>
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  • | 1986 || Paul Smolensky publishes Harmony Theory, which is an RBM with practically the same Boltzmann energy function. Smole | 1986 || Paul Smolensky publishes Harmony Theory, which is an RBM with practically the same Boltzmann energy function. Smole
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  • [[Bill Joy]], one of the founders of Sun Microsystems, discussed some of the problems with pursuing this technology in his now-fa Bill Joy, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems, discussed some of the problems with pursuing this technology in his now-fa
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  • …doi = 10.1093/philmat/4.3.256| title = Intelligent Machinery, A Heretical Theory| journal = Philosophia Mathematica| volume = 4| issue = 3| pages = 256–26 …variety of topics, Chapter IX ''Turing Machines'' includes some recursion theory.
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  • …th>和集合<math>V</math>构造的点集所形成的循环圈边数不为奇数。<ref>Diestel, Reinard (2005), Graph Theory, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 978-3-642-14278-9</ref><ref> …ries = Discrete Mathematics And Its Applications | title = Chromatic Graph Theory | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_l4CJq46MXwC&pg=PA223 | volume =
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  • ….|last2=Whinston|first3=Jerry R.|last3=Green|year=1995|title=Microeconomic Theory|chapter=Chapter 16: Equilibrium and its Basic Welfare Properties|publisher= …ohn Foster. "[http://www.uq.edu.au/economics/abstract/476.pdf Why economic theory has little to say about the causes and effects of inequality]", School of…
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  • …oritz Schlick 举办的一个研<ref>Gleick, J. (2011) ''The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood,'' London, Fourth Estate, p. 181.</ref>讨会,研究了Bertrand …,'''[[皮亚诺公理 Peano axioms]]'''或'''[[包含选择公理的策梅洛-弗兰克尔集合论 Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice(ZFC)]]''' ):
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  • …上 quantum supremacy'''”。关于量子计算机问题的计算复杂性的研究被称为'''量子复杂性理论 Quantum complexity theory'''。
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  • …t=Timothy F. H. |date=2001 |title=A summary of the principles of hierarchy theory |url=http://isss.org/hierarchy.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/ …st1=Valerie |last2=Allen |first2=Timothy F. H. |date=1996 |title=Hierarchy theory: a vision, vocabulary, and epistemology |location=New York |publisher=[[Col
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  • …topherKingChemist || <nowiki>Disambiguated: [[kinetic theory]] → [[kinetic theory of gases]]</nowiki> | 336502593 || 2010-01-08T00:00:31Z || Acalamari || <nowiki>/* Dynamical systems */ Unspacing</nowiki>
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  • == 自治系统的基本李雅普诺夫定理 Basic Lyapunov theorems for autonomous systems ==
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  • …yourself. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems ecology]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki> …710877371 || 2016-03-19T15:55:13Z || Biogeographist || <nowiki>[[Category:Systems ecology]]</nowiki>
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  • …进化中的作用的理论专著,书名为:《协同作用假设:进步演化理论(McGraw-Hill,1983)》。他最近的几著作包括“[http://complexsystems.org/publications/the-fair-society/ The fair society: the science of human… * [http://complexsystems.org/publications/synergistic-selection-a-darwinian-frame-for-the-evolution-
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  • In [[quantum mechanics|quantum mechanical]] systems, however, the [[weak nuclear force]] is not invariant under T-symmetry alon In quantum mechanical systems, however, the weak nuclear force is not invariant under T-symmetry alone;…
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  • …d Logic Circuits|journal=IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems|volume=PP|issue=99|pages=1734–1746|doi=10.1109/TNNLS.2016.2547842|pmid=27 …yclic networks, with [[feedback]]s through neurons, could define dynamical systems with memory, but most of the research concentrated (and still does) on stri
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  • …|| 2016-03-01T03:07:26Z || Rgdboer || <nowiki>/* Micro level */ re Balance theory</nowiki> …29T17:06:56Z || Anomalocaris || <nowiki>-[[Graph spanner]]+Distance (graph theory); logical quotes; straight quotes and apostrophes; period and comma outside
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  • …doi/abs/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1949.tb00928.x Communication theory of secrecy systems]》(《保密系统的通信理论》)为题正式发表,为现代公
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  • [[Kinetic theory of gases#Pressure|Kinetic theory]] gives the average pressure {{mvar|p}} for an ideal gas as Kinetic theory gives the average pressure for an ideal gas as
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  • …twenty-second ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems (PODS '03). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 202–210. {{doi|10.1145/773153.773173} …ntial Privacy: A Historical Survey}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|title=Theory and Applications of Models of Computation|volume=4978|last=Dwork|first=Cynt
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  • …ometry [J]. The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2002, 25(4):403-406. …system [J]. The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2005, 45(4):569-575.
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  • …ustrial and engineering applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems: 5th international conference, IEA/AIE-92, Paderborn, Germany, June 9–12, …es=366–75|last=Funke|first=Birger|last2=Sebastian|first2=Hans-Jürgen|title=Systems modelling and optimization: proceedings of the 18th IFIP TC7 conference|vol
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  • …eagues are self serving, they described one of many phenomena that the SOC theory EXPLAINED as universal. Anyone reading those papers wont have a clue of wha …ored Category:Physics and corrected the broken link to Category: Dynamical Systems.</nowiki>
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  • …itle=Modeling and Identification of Worst-Case Cascading Failures in Power Systems |eprint=1703.05232 |class=cs.SY |year=2017}}</ref> …e Actual Grid Topology|arxiv=1508.01775|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Systems|pages=1|doi=10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2578259|issn=0885-8950}}</ref>
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  • …lular communication and signaling errors in signaling networks|journal=BMC Systems Biology|volume=8|pages=89|doi=10.1186/s12918-014-0089-z|issn=1752-0509|pmc= …ex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems |journal= Nature Reviews Neuroscience |year= 2009 |volume= 10 |issue= 3 |p
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  • …//climatechange.environment.nsw.gov.au/About-climate-change-in-NSW/Climate-systems|archive-date=2019-05-06|access-date=2019-05-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=h …sphere: Freshwater Systems and Pollution (Our Fragile Planet): Fresh Water Systems and Pollution
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  • 文章发表在包括:Nature Communications、Nature Machine Intelligence、Nonlinear Systems、Chaos、Physical Review E等国际知名刊物上。 * 2019.10:新加坡南洋理工大学”International Conference of Complex Systems“口头报告;
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  • |description=在物理学中,有效场论 Effective field theory是一种有效的近似理论,用于基础的物理理论 …/1/PhysRevLett.110.174301.pdf|title=Classical Mechanics of Nonconservative Systems|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=110|issue=17|pages=174301|year=2013|
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  • * Ludwig Boltzmann|Boltzmann, L. (1896/1964). ''Lectures on Gas Theory'', translated by S.G. Brush, University of California Press, Berkeley. …''The Mathematical Theory of Non-uniform gases. An Account of the Kinetic Theory of Viscosity, Thermal Conduction and Diffusion in Gases'', third edition 19
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  • …弈中,没有固定的最优策略,因而,举办囚徒困境竞赛来竞争和检验这种情况下的算法。<ref>{{cite journal|url = https://egtheory.wordpress.com/2015/03/02/ipd/|title = Short history of iterated prisoner's
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  • …Y and Y → X. The primary approaches are based on [[Algorithmic information theory]] models and noise models.{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}} …effect by local and global regression|journal = Knowledge and Information Systems|year = 2018|last1 = Marx|first1 = Alexander|last2 = Vreeken|first2 = Jilles
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  • …| last4 = Tollis | first4 = Ioannis G. | journal =Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications | pages = 235–282 | title = Algorithms for Drawing Graph
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  • …bot - Speedily moving category Non-linear systems to [[:Category:Nonlinear systems]] per [[WP:CFDS|CFDS]].</nowiki> …28T00:05:09Z || Anders Sandberg || <nowiki>Added link to Crisis_(dynamical_systems)</nowiki>
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  • …first=Elisabeth Anne |title=The structure and confirmation of evolutionary theory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hO8vHTSiBkAC |year=1994 |publisher=P …e |first=Vanessa |title=Richard Dawkins in furious row with EO Wilson over theory of evolution. Book review sparks war of words between grand old man of biol
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  • …journal |author=Theobald, D. L. |s2cid=4422345 |title=A formal test of the theory of universal common ancestry |journal=Nature |volume=465 |issue=7295 |pages …5380 |issn=0079-6107}}</ref> [[Charles Darwin]] more famously proposed the theory of universal common descent through an [[evolution]]ary process in his book
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  • …ous Risk Minimization. in 35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2021). 2021.</ref>=== ===稳定学习的理论解释<ref>Xu, R., et al., Why Stable Learning Works? A Theory of Covariate Shift Generalization. 2021.</ref>===
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  • …al. 2004, Gathercole et al. 2004). They are linked to different neural subsystems. WM relies more on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, whereas maintaining info …Cite journal|author=Just, M. A.|author2=Carpenter, P. A. |title=A capacity theory of comprehension: individual differences in working memory |journal=Psychol
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  • …'''进行研究。射影几何是数学中一个内容特别丰富的领域;在其最抽象的形式——'''概型Schemes'''的几何学中,它与'''弦理论 String Theory'''中的各种主题都有联系。 …Jørgensen1997">{{cite book |last=Jørgensen |first=B. |year=1997 |title=The Theory of Dispersion Models |publisher=Chapman & Hall |location=London |isbn=978-0
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  • …trongly connected. It is possible to test the strong [[Connectivity (graph theory)|connectivity]] of a graph, or to find its strongly connected components,… In the mathematical theory of directed graphs, a graph is said to be strongly connected if every verte
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  • * Sahimi, Muhammad; ''Applications of Percolation Theory'', Taylor & Francis, 1994.
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  • …uantum mechanics to [[linear logic]] as the logic of [[quantum information theory]] (in the same sense that [[intuitionistic logic]] arises from [[Cartesian …from quantum mechanics to linear logic as the logic of quantum information theory (in the same sense that intuitionistic logic arises from Cartesian closed…
    40 KB(4,813个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:02
  • …f Name=Van2014>Van Mieghem P. Performance analysis of complex networks and systems[M]. Cambridge University Press, 2014.</ref>. …f Name=Van2014>Van Mieghem P. Performance analysis of complex networks and systems[M]. Cambridge University Press, 2014.</ref>。
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  • …n|degree 2]], often cited as an archetypal example of how complex, [[chaos theory|chaotic]] behaviour can arise from very simple [[non-linear]] dynamical equ …ink2=Jean-Pierre Eckmann |title=Iterated Maps on the Interval as Dynamical Systems |url=https://archive.org/details/iteratedmapsonin0000coll |url-access=regis
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  • …和分析了网络的演变。<ref>Harrison C. White, 1992, Identity and control: A structural theory of social action. Princeton University Press.</ref>对超大规模复杂网 …Security: Advances in Information Sharing, Data Mining, and Collaboration Systems.
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  • …John|date=2003|title=Recognition of Emotions in Interactive Voice Response Systems|journal=Proceedings of Eurospeech|pages=729–732|citeseerx=10.1.1.420.8158 …| last6 = Kollias | chapter = Emotion Analysis in Man-Machine Interaction Systems | editor1-first = Samy | editor1-last = Bengio | editor2-first = Herve | ed
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  • …/mitarbeiter/lienig/cohoon.pdf|journal=Advances in Evolutionary Computing: Theory and Applications|publisher= Springer, pp. 683-712, 2003|isbn=978-3-540-4333 …on Programming: A New Adaptive Algorithm for Solving Problems"]. ''Complex Systems'', Vol. 13, issue 2: 87–129.</ref>。
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  • …access-date=2010-03-25|publisher = [[International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis]]}}</ref> …al components – it is likely there will be severe impacts on people and ecosystems. Perhaps the largest concern is that a component of the Earth system, for…
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  • …Robot arms]], [[Stewart platform]]s, and [[humanoid robot|humanoid robotic systems]] are also examples of spatial mechanisms. …eral spatial movement. Robot arms, Stewart platforms, and humanoid robotic systems are also examples of spatial mechanisms.
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  • …{IPA-all|'ai̯k͡siː|}} is a theoretical [[Mathematical logic#Formal logical systems|mathematical formalism]] for [[artificial general intelligence]]. …mbines [[Solomonoff induction]] with [[Decision theory|sequential decision theory]].
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  • '''1.1 概率论简介  Introduction to Probability Theory 1''' 1.1.2 概率论的基本概念 Basic Concepts in Probability Theory 2
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  • …b86-6a75-11ea-8988-0242ac1a0005 "Concepts: Power Law"].New England Complex Systems Institute. Retrieved 18 August.</ref> …cal Review, 64, 153-181</ref><ref name = "ts" >Staddon, J. E. R. (1978). Theory of behavioral power functions. Psychological Review, 85, 305-320.</ref> ,
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  • …too much complication to explain that it is only suitable for certain coin systems (e.g. not the US system when you have run out of nickels and have to use on | 847701655 || 2018-06-27T05:45:06Z || 172.97.181.14 || <nowiki>/* Theory */</nowiki>
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  • …ournal | author = Chao Tang and Per Bak | year = 1988 | title = Mean field theory of self-organized critical phenomena | journal = Journal of Statistical Phy …03>{{cite journal | author = Dewar, R. | year = 2003 | title = Information theory explanation of the fluctuation theorem, maximum entropy production and self
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  • …ord Truesdell, Muncaster, R.G. (1980). ''Fundamentals of Maxwell's Kinetic Theory of a Simple Monatomic Gas, Treated as a Branch of Rational Mechanics'', Aca
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  • …ok|last=Feller |first= W.| year=1971| title=An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications| volume=II| edition=2nd | location= New York|publisher …thrm{m}</math> and <math>\hat\alpha</math> are [[Independence (probability theory)|independent]] and <math>\hat{x}_\mathrm{m}</math> is Pareto with scale par
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  • …on are also called "passive forces". There are two basic possibilities for systems of objects held by strings:<ref name="Physics">''[https://books.google.com/ …on are also called "passive forces". There are two basic possibilities for systems of objects held by strings:Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern
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  • # "All Systems will be Gamed: Exploitive Behavior in Policy Systems," in The Economy and Complexity, Oxford U Press, 2014. * 地址:Systems Sciences Lab, PARC 3333 Coyote Hill Rd, Palo Alto,CA 94304 USA
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  • *'''<font color="#ff8000">自生产系统 Self-reproductive systems</font>'''存在于假想当中,可以利用工业原料,例如金属棒 *'''<font color="#ff8000">自组装系统 Self-assembling systems</font>'''自动将它们各种已完成的部分组装起来。这种系统
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  • …itle=Stochastic nonlinear dynamics of confined cell migration in two-state systems|journal=Nature Physics|language=en|volume=15|issue=6|pages=595–601|doi=10 * {{cite book |author=M. Vidyasagar |title=Nonlinear Systems Analysis |edition=Second |publisher=SIAM |date=2002 |isbn=9780898715262}}
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  • …,同时<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pierre|first1=D.|last2=et.|first2=al.|title=A theory for adaptation and competition applied to logistic map dynamics|journal=Phy …le=Adaptation toward the edge of chaos|journal=Dynamic Patterns in Complex Systems|date=1988|pages=293–301}}</ref>的种群中,这些规则自动优化了
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  • …/www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/hahonen/features.txt Features of Knowledge Discovery Systems].</ref>
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  • | title = Dual Phase Evolution: from Theory to Practice | title = Dual Phase Evolution in Complex Adaptive Systems
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  • …Highlights Patterns of Functional Brain Connectivity|journal= Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience|date=2011-06-03|volume=5|pages=37|doi=10.3389/fnsys.2011.00037
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  • * The [[sediment]]s, including [[fossil fuel]]s, freshwater systems, and non-living organic material. The natural flows of carbon between the atmosphere, ocean, terrestrial ecosystems, and sediments are fairly balanced; so carbon levels would be roughly stabl
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  • Von Neumann和他的著作《Theory of Self-reproducing Automata》 === 替代系统(Substitution systems) ===
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  • 主要贡献:在因果涌现读书会上做出以用信息度量因果(Causal Emergence Theory)为主题的分享。 …a-3839-11ea-b23d-0242ac1a0005 Emergence of scaling in complex substitutive systems]'''
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  • …Jr. ([1965] 1971). ''The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups'', 2nd ed. Harvard University Press, [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/ …{{cite book |chapter=Some Thoughts on Artificial Intelligence and Economic Theory |editor-last=Moss |editor2-last=Rae |title=Artificial Intelligence and Econ
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  • …el Fernández|title=Models of Computation: An Introduction to Computability Theory|publisher=Springer|year=2009|series=Undergraduate Topics in Computer Scienc
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  • 统计力学和非平衡场论 Statistical Mechanics and Non-equilibrium Field Theory
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  • * CH 8. Typographical Number Theory (TNT) TNT: 命题代数的扩展, 数字理论推理转化为符号操作
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  • …/math>和<math>Y→X</math>方向上的证据之间的不对称性。主要的方法基于算法信息理论 Algorithmic information theory(AIT)模型和噪声模型 noise models。 …effect by local and global regression|journal = Knowledge and Information Systems|year = 2018|last1 = Marx|first1 = Alexander|last2 = Vreeken|first2 = Jilles
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  • …es | first = E.| author-link = Edwin Thompson Jaynes | title = Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics | doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.106.620 | journal = Physi …journal=Statistical Thermodynamics and Stochastic Theory of Nonequilibrium Systems. Edited by Ebeling Werner & Sokolov Igor M. Published by World Scientific…
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  • …h Saloner 推进了网络效应的经济理论,<ref>{{cite book |title=The economics of standards: theory, evidence, policy |author=Knut Blind |year=2004 |publisher=Edward Elgar Pub …nd Trust in a Hedonic Context |journal=The Journal of Computer Information Systems |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=74–83 |doi=10.1080/08874417.2009.11645342 |doi
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  • …1117/12.261175 |title=From crowd simulation to airbag deployment: Particle systems, a new paradigm of simulation |journal=Journal of Electronic Imaging |volum …|chapter=Simulating heterogeneous crowd behaviors using personality trait theory |title=Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Compu
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  • *Chaitin, G.J. (1977) Algorithmic information theory. IBM Journal of Research and Development 21, 350-359. [http://www.cs.auck *Grassberger, P. (1986) Toward a quantitative theory of self-generated complexity. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 25, 907-928.
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  • …a strong lithosphere resting on a weak asthenosphere are essential to the theory of [[plate tectonics]]. …a strong lithosphere resting on a weak asthenosphere are essential to the theory of plate tectonics.
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  • …ystems| title=Selected self-organization and the semiotics of evolutionary systems| year=1998| first=Luis M.| last=Rocha|pages=341–358|publisher=Springer, D
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  • …uterhistory.org/revolution/digital-logic/12/269/1331 |title=A Mathematical Theory of Communication – CHM Revolution |website=Computer History |access-date= …ok|author=Patrick Gaydecki|title=Foundations of Digital Signal Processing: Theory, Algorithms and Hardware Design|url=https://books.google.com/?id=6Qo7NvX3vz
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  • …t |title=Local information transfer as a spatiotemporal filter for complex systems|journal=Physical Review E|year=2008|volume=77|issue=2|pages=026110|doi=10.1
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  • |title=Maximum likelihood theory for incomplete data from an exponential family Rolf Sundberg. 1971. ''Maximum likelihood theory and applications for distributions generated when observing a function of…
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  • …G. |last2=May |first2=R. M. |year=2011 |title=Systemic risk in banking ecosystems |journal=Nature |volume=469 |issue=7330|pages=351–355 |doi=10.1038/nature …ame="Stauffer1994">D. Stauffer and A. Aharony. Introduction to Percolation Theory. Tay-lor and Francis. London, 1994.</ref> 。在渗流理论中,该簇群
    13 KB(884个字) - 2021年2月4日 (四) 21:58
  • …bpour |author3=S. Rouhani |title=Abelian Sandpile Model: a Conformal Field Theory Point of View |arxiv=cond-mat/0410434 |year=2004 |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2 …| title=Tropical and non-Archimedean geometry. Bellairs workshop in number theory, tropical and non-Archimedean geometry, Bellairs Research Institute, Holeto
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  • …s a branch of [[descriptive statistics]] by some, but also as a [[grounded theory]] development tool by others. Increased amounts of data created by Internet …roceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems |pages=3227–3236 |access-date=2018-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive
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  • In engineering control theory, such as for electromechanical energy converters, the 80/20 principle appli In engineering control theory, such as for electromechanical energy converters, the 80/20 principle appli
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  • …last=Igamberdiev|first=A.U.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1016/j.biosystems.2019.104063 …torical context, current theories. In search of an ideal theory|journal=BioSystems|volume =188|pages=104063|date=2020}}</ref>几乎没有人试图比较不同
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  • …er/vibration.pdf |title = Review of ''The evolution of dynamics, vibration theory from 1687 to 1742'', by John T. Cannon and Sigalia Dostrovsky|last= Frasier …Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations |url=https://archive.org/details/theoryofordinary00codd |url-access=registration |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=1955
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  • ….<ref name="wood1909">{{cite journal |author=Wood, R.W. |title=Note on the Theory of the Greenhouse |journal=Philosophical Magazine |volume=17 |issue=98 |pag …society Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (Cat. No.00CH37069)|chapter=Variable emissivity through MEMS technology|yea
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  • …ps://www.macmillanlearning.com/Catalog/product/introductiontocoevolutionarytheory-firstedition-nuismer/valueoptions|archive-date=2019-05-02|url-status=dead}} …n Valen, L. |date=1973 |title=A New Evolutionary Law |journal=Evolutionary Theory |volume=1 |pages=1–30}} cited in: [http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/REDQUEEN.html
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  • …nsation with Dynamical Synapses. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, 2012. * <span id="Igarashi12"/> Y. Igarashi, M. Oizumi and M. Okada. Theory of correlation in a network with synaptic depression. Physical Review E, 85
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  • …ntence" makes no sense, but the original para about self-creating physical systems is off-topic; this article is about self-reference in "natural or formal la …12-16T02:26:19Z || Maximuspryme || <nowiki>Again, self reference is only a theory of statements. Please read my citation. There is no evidence that self-refe
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  • …ared_to_Darwin_Baldwin_Waddington.svg|thumb|500px|鲍德温效应与[[拉马克进化论 Lamarck's theory of evolution]]、[[达尔文进化 Darwinian evolution]]论和华丁顿 Wad …e = Updating the Baldwin Effect: The biological levels behind Piaget's new theory | url = | journal = New Ideas in Psychology | volume = 31 | issue = 3| page
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  • * 3、Fractal Space-Time and Microphysics: Towards a Theory of Scale Relativity …Scale Relativity.jpg|居中|缩略图|Fractal Space-Time and Microphysics: Towards a Theory of Scale Relativity]]
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  • …n Gases. I. Small Amplitude Processes in Charged and Neutral One-Component Systems|journal=Physical Review|date=1954-05-01|pages=511–525|volume=94|issue=3|d …S. Mendizabal (8 January 2013). "The Boltzmann equation from quantum field theory". ''Phys. Lett. B''. 718 (3): 1119–1124. arXiv:1202.1301. Bibcode:2013PhL
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  • '''盖亚假说 Gaia hypothesis'''(又称'''盖亚理论 Gaia theory'''或'''盖亚原理 Gaia principle''')认为,生物体与地球上的无 …">{{Citation |last= Volk |first = Tyler |title =The Gaia hypothesis: fact, theory, and wishful thinking |journal = Climatic Change |volume = 52 |issue = 4 |p
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  • In A. R. Meyers (ed.), Computational Complexity: Theory, Techniques, and Applications, pp. 185-203, Springer, 2012.</ref><ref name= …07) 69: 1199:1231.</ref>。<ref>P. Speroni di Fenizio. Chemical Organization Theory. PhD thesis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 2007.</ref>
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  • …tp://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/mackay/itila/book.html |title=Information Theory, Inference and Learning Algorithms |last=MacKay |first=David |publisher=Cam
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  • …29Z || 84.249.219.207 || <nowiki>added -> data compression and information theory</nowiki> …gineering instead, could be considered Software Engineering specialized in systems for heavy data manipulation</nowiki>
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  • …70 || 2007-04-18T03:01:23Z || Cydebot || <nowiki>Robot - Removing category Systems per [[WP:CFD|CFD]] at [[Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Log/2007 April …281 || 2003-10-21T08:13:06Z || Lexor || <nowiki>[[systemics]] -> [[systems theory]]. Fix section hdrs to std fmt. ==External links==</nowiki>
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  • …4cfea18446fa8b32ee5548639e8a8 Recurrence plots for the analysis of complex systems](用于分析复杂系统的递归图), Cambridge university press,Page
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  • …e Levelt Sengers|Levelt Sengers]] (2004):Near-critical behavior of aqueous systems.
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  • Faced with many skeptics, Bak pursued the implications of his theory at a number of institutions, including the Brookhaven National Laboratory, [[Category:Complex systems scientists]]
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  • <li style="width: 10em;">[[博弈论 Game Theory]]</li> <li style="width: 10em;">[[复杂系统 Complex Systems]]</li>
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  • The [[Value theory|value]] of a physical object to an [[wiktionary:agent|agent]] is sometimes In biological systems [[phenotype]] can be said to supervene on [[genotype]].<ref>{{cite journal
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  • * Harris TE (1989). The theory of branching processes. New York: Dover. …). Earthquake cycles and neural reverberations: collective oscillations in systems with pulse-coupled threshold elements. Phys Rev Lett 75:1222–1225.
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  • …S.; Theis, D.O.; Vicente, R. Analyzing Information Distribution in Complex Systems. ''Entropy'' 2017, ''19'', 636. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.3390/e19120636</
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  • …is as follows<ref name=Brockmann> Brockmann, D. 2011 Complex Networks and Systems, Lecture Notes, Northwestern University</ref> : …nd <math>k_i= \textstyle \sum_{j=1}^N A_{ij}</math> is the [[Degree (graph theory)|degree]] for node <math>i</math>;
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  • …the Relationship between the Second Fundamental Theorem of the Mechanical Theory of Heat and Probability Calculations Regarding the Conditions for Thermal… …single-particle canonical ensemble (resulting in the Brillouin function). Systems of ''interacting'' spins can show much more complex behaviour such as ferro
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  • …5:30:23Z || TonyMath || <nowiki>/* adding link to Wheeler-Feynman absorber theory */</nowiki> …|| <nowiki>/* External links */ New references on time and the relativity theory.</nowiki>
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  • A dominant theory of explaining the self-organized division of labor in social insect societi A dominant theory of explaining the self-organized division of labor in social insect societi
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  • …|last2=McKendrick |first2=A. G. |title=A Contribution to the Mathematical Theory of Epidemics |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society A |volume=115 |issue …ailey1975>{{cite book |author=Bailey, Norman T. J. |title=The mathematical theory of infectious diseases and its applications |publisher=Griffin |location=Lo
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  • …pielman在Yale开的课程[http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/spielman/561/ Spectral Graph Theory] *Chung, F. R. Spectral graph theory American Mathematical Soc., 92,1997.
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  • …ytype2=tf_ipsecsha Bejan, A., & Marden, J. H. (2006). Unifying constructal theory for scale effects in running, swimming and flying. Journal of Experimental …ayes.wustl.edu/etj/articles/theory.1.pdf Jaynes, E. T. (1957). Information theory and statistical mechanics. Physical review, 106(4), 620.]
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  • …Artificial Intelligence'''、'''[[机器学习]] Machine Learning'''、'''拍卖理论 Auction Theory'''、'''软件工程 Software Engineering'''、'''应用数学 Applied Math | title=Linear and Integer Optimization: Theory and Practice
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  • …increasingly probabilistic, allowing more domain knowledge and probability theory to be applied. In practice different approaches are used, depending on the …increasingly probabilistic, allowing more domain knowledge and probability theory to be applied. In practice different approaches are used, depending on the
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  • * Complex Networks: Theory and Applications(复杂网络: 理论与应用)(G. Chen, X. M. Xu et al * Chaotification of Dynamical Systems: Theory, Methods and Applications(动力系统的混沌化: 理论、方法与应
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  • * [[博弈论 Game Theory]] * [[复杂系统 Complex Systems]]
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  • …88 || 2020-01-01T19:14:25Z || Pleasantville || <nowiki>/* top */ {{Complex systems}}</nowiki> …k Chap || <nowiki>/* See also */ rm (spamming?) wikilinks, one on traffic theory is enough</nowiki>
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  • …and Polity: A Theory of Democratic Self-Organization (Advances in Systems Theory, Complexity, and the Human Sciences) (9781572732575): Gus Dizerega, Alfonso
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  • …88 || 2020-01-01T19:14:25Z || Pleasantville || <nowiki>/* top */ {{Complex systems}}</nowiki> …k Chap || <nowiki>/* See also */ rm (spamming?) wikilinks, one on traffic theory is enough</nowiki>
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  • …13-04-27T03:32:09Z || Solomonfromfinland || <nowiki>added [[Category:Chaos theory]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]]</nowiki> …27T03:30:22Z || Solomonfromfinland || <nowiki>added [[Category:Bifurcation theory]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]]</nowiki>
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  • …t1=Christian|last2=Schögl|first2=Friedrich|title=Thermodynamics of Chaotic Systems: An Introduction|date=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978052 …ing dimension one; this includes [[tree (graph theory)|trees]] and [[graph theory|graphs]] with an arbitrary [[countable]] number of edges, vertices and clos
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  • …5:52:46Z || 84.210.17.201 || <nowiki>Life is already present in biological systems</nowiki> …1-11-23T13:39:18Z || PhnomPencil || <nowiki>fixed dab link -- [[Complexity theory]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]]</nowiki>
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  • * (1995). Microeconomic Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill(微观经济理论 麦格劳-希尔)
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  • …必要特征……<ref name=Wallace>{{cite book|last=Wallace|first=Alfred Russel|title=Theory of Life|year=1911|publisher=Moffat, Yard and Co.|url=https://archive.org/de
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  • …制系统的动力学进程,在这方面,Liu等人尝试了'''将结构控制理论 Structural Control Theory'''、'''图论 Graph Theory '''和'''统计物理 Statistical Physics'''的工具的结合。<ref name= …pages=2349–2354|title=Zero forcing, linear and quantum controllability for systems evolving on networks|volume=58|year=2013}}</ref><ref name="OT-15">S. O'Rour
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  • …c Concepts in Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos'' (workshop), Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology and the Life Sciences annual meeting, June 28, 1996, Berkeley …d |last2=Wallman |first2=Henry |authorlink2=Henry Wallman |title=Dimension Theory |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.84609 |publisher=Princet
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  • …k%3A_Fundamentals_of_Biology_I_(Lumen)/16%3A_Module_13%3A_Overview_of_Body_Systems/16.7%3A_Nervous_System |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Biology LibreTexts …nts/thorpe_sj_90_91.pdf |pages= 91–94 |title=Parallel processing in neural systems and computers| veditors = Eckmiller R, Hartmann G, Hauske G |date=1990|publ
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  • …the operation of [[brain]]s. LSMs are argued to be an improvement over the theory of artificial neural networks because: …ain the operation of brains. LSMs are argued to be an improvement over the theory of artificial neural networks because:
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  • …nk, Françoise (April 2003). "Unpacking the cognitive map: the parallel map theory of hippocampal function". Psychological Review. 110 (2): 285–315. doi:10. …aum H, Cohen NJ (2004) From Conditioning to Conscious Recollection: Memory Systems of the Brain. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK.</ref> 即海马的认知
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  • …Varley T F, Hoel E. Emergence as the conversion of information: A unifying theory[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 2022, 380(2227): 202 …<ref>Hoel E, Levin M. Emergence of informative higher scales in biological systems: a computational toolkit for optimal prediction and control[J]. Communicati
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  • * [[复杂系统 complex systems]] | [[自复制自动机理论 Theory of Self-reproducing Automata]] || 书籍 || [[用户:麟凤兰草|麟凤兰
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  • * [[网络科学:原理与应用 Network Science: Theory and Applications]] *[[网络医学:人类疾病与治疗中的复杂系统 Network Medicine: Complex Systems in Human Disease and Therapeutics ]]
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  • …46/annurev-soc-081715-074206 “Machine Translation: Mining Text for Social Theory”] Evans, James and Pedro Aceves. 2016.Annual Review of Sociology42:1-30, …acde48001122 Simple Surveys: Response Retrieval Inspired by Recommendation Systems]
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  • …[decision support system|decision support]] tool that uses a [[Tree (graph theory)|tree-like]] [[Causal model|model]] of decisions and their possible consequ …f Temporal Decision Rules]", International Journal of Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications, Volume 3</ref>
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  • …|title=Computer Science Handbook, Second Edition (Section VII: Intelligent Systems) |location=Boca Raton, Florida |publisher=Chapman & Hall/CRC Press LLC |yea …twork]] models, the [[self-organizing map]] (SOM) and [[adaptive resonance theory]] (ART) are commonly used in unsupervised learning algorithms. The SOM is…
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  • …Xiao-Yong Yan, Tao Zhou*. Destination choice game: A spatial interaction theory on human mobility. Scientific Reports. 2019, 9: 9466. (IF:4.011) …l network topology with best possible synchronizability. IEEE Circuits And Systems Magazine. 2013, (1): 66-75. (IF: 1.7)
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  • …duction to the field. It speaks of the vision of the author. The two tiers theory (theories of different scales) hinted at the end looks very promising as we
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  • #重定向 [[动力系统理论 Dynamical Systems Theory]]
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  • …ff|GerryWolff]] ([[User talk:GerryWolff|talk]]): Rv COI self-cite / fringe theory. ([[WP:TW|TW]])</nowiki> …67.180.169.222 || <nowiki>/* Control */ expanded the discussion on control systems</nowiki>
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  • …Agent-based computational economics]] (my add there) on relation of [[Game theory]] & ACE</nowiki> …CE)''' is the computational study of economic processes modeled as dynamic systems of interacting agents. As detailed at t...'</nowiki>
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  • …. [[WP:DBUG|Report bugs here]]. | Activated by Amigao | [[Category:Systems theory]] | via #UCB_Category</nowiki>
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  • …orithm |year=1985 |last1=Černý |first1=V. |journal=Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications |volume=45 |pages=41–51}}</ref> 这种方法是对[[Metr …: "The Use of Simulated Annealing in the Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems", International Journal INFORMATION THEORIES & APPLICATIONS, [http://www.fo
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  • …independent chapter of science in sociology based upon the general systems theory and cybernetics.
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  • …7:58Z || Chiswick Chap || <nowiki>/* Arrays, crystals, tilings */ lattice systems</nowiki> …2:59:35Z || Chiswick Chap || <nowiki>/* Mathematics */ wiki link to Chaos theory</nowiki>
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  • #重定向 [[动力系统理论 Dynamical Systems Theory]]
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  • …ahendra. |title=Emergence of scale-free characteristics in socioecological systems with bounded rationality |journal=[[Scientific Reports (journal)|Scientific
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  • # P. C. W. Davies, J. R. Brown, “Superstrings: a theory of everything?”, Cambridge University Press, 1988., Contributors: Oscar K # B. Chopard, M. Droz, “Cellular Automaton Modeling of Physical Systems, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998
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  • [4] W. Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, Vol. 2, John Wiley & Sons, 2008. B. Zhou et al. / Phy [27] A. Grabowski, Human behavior in online social systems, Eur. Phys. J. B 69 (4) (2009) 605–611.
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  • …-of-complex-systems/ S. Thurner, R. 《INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS(复杂系统理论导论)》],Oxford University Press (2018)
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  • #REDIRECT [[动力系统理论 Dynamical Systems Theory]]
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  • …ang, W. X., & Wu, L. (2015). Scaling behaviours in the growth of networked systems and their geometric origins. Scientific reports, 5.
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  • …the Latent Semantic Analysis Approach|journal=Association for Information Systems Electronic Library}}</ref>
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  • #重定向 [[动力系统理论 Dynamical Systems Theory]]
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  • #重定向 [[动力系统理论 Dynamical Systems Theory]]
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  • …n Empirical Approximation". ''Systems''. '''2''' (2): 186–202. doi:10.3390/systems2020186.</ref>。 …ge VM, Deeds EJ, Fontana W (September 2008). "Sizing up allometric scaling theory". ''PLOS Computational Biology''. '''4''' (9): e1000171. Bibcode:2008PLSCB.
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  • …i.net/kelvin/papers/on_the_dynamical_theory_of_heat.html "On the Dynamical Theory of Heat, with numerical results deduced from Mr Joule’s equivalent of a T …dy, Walter T., Jr. (2008). ''Entropy and the Time Evolution of Macroscopic Systems''. Oxford University Press. p. 151. ISBN <bdi>978-0-19-954617-6</bdi>.</ref
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  • …last = Crane| first = Louis| title = Possible Implications of the Quantum Theory of Gravity: An Introduction to the Meduso-Anthropic Principle| journal = Fo
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  • …e Learning -- A Taxonomy and Survey of Integrating Knowledge into Learning Systems. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 1–1. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1109/TKDE.2 2.<nowiki>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computation-physicalsystems/</nowiki>
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