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[[File:Schrodingers cat.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Schrödinger's cat: a cat, a flask of poison, and a [[radioactive]] source are placed in a sealed box. If an internal monitor (e.g. [[Geiger counter]]) detects radioactivity (i.e. a single atom decaying), the flask is shattered, releasing the poison, which kills the cat. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics implies that after a while, the cat is ''simultaneously'' alive ''and'' dead. Yet, when one looks in the box, one sees the cat ''either'' alive ''or'' dead, not both alive ''and'' dead.  This poses the question of when exactly quantum superposition ends and reality collapses into one possibility or the other.|链接=Special:FilePath/Schrodingers_cat.svg]]<br>

[[File:Schrodingers cat.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Schrödinger's cat: a cat, a flask of poison, and a [[radioactive]] source are placed in a sealed box. If an internal monitor (e.g. [[Geiger counter]]) detects radioactivity (i.e. a single atom decaying), the flask is shattered, releasing the poison, which kills the cat. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics implies that after a while, the cat is ''simultaneously'' alive ''and'' dead. Yet, when one looks in the box, one sees the cat ''either'' alive ''or'' dead, not both alive ''and'' dead.  This poses the question of when exactly quantum superposition ends and reality collapses into one possibility or the other.|链接=Special:FilePath/Schrodingers_cat.svg]]<br>

Schrödinger's cat: a cat, a flask of poison, and a [[radioactive source are placed in a sealed box. If an internal monitor (e.g. Geiger counter) detects radioactivity (i.e. a single atom decaying), the flask is shattered, releasing the poison, which kills the cat. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics implies that after a while, the cat is simultaneously alive and dead. Yet, when one looks in the box, one sees the cat either alive or dead, not both alive and dead.  This poses the question of when exactly quantum superposition ends and reality collapses into one possibility or the other.]]

Schrödinger's cat: a cat, a flask of poison, and a [[radioactive source are placed in a sealed box. If an internal monitor (e.g. Geiger counter) detects radioactivity (i.e. a single atom decaying), the flask is shattered, releasing the poison, which kills the cat. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics implies that after a while, the cat is simultaneously alive and dead. Yet, when one looks in the box, one sees the cat either alive or dead, not both alive and dead.  This poses the question of when exactly quantum superposition ends and reality collapses into one possibility or the other.]]

薛定谔的猫：将一只猫，一瓶毒药和放射源入密闭容器。如果盒内监测器（如盖革计数器）检测到放射性，即单个原子衰变，烧瓶会破碎，毒药释放，杀死猫。量子力学的'''<font color="ff8000">哥本哈根诠释Copenhagen interpretation</font>'''表为，一段时间之后，猫既活着又死了。但是，人们看向盒内时，猫不是活着就是死了，不可能既活着又死了。这就提出了一个问题，量子叠加具体何时结束，现实何时塌陷成一种或另一种可能性。

薛定谔的猫：将一只猫，一瓶毒药和放射源入密闭容器。如果盒内监测器（如盖革计数器）检测到放射性，即单个原子衰变，烧瓶会破碎，毒药释放，杀死猫。量子力学的'''<font color="ff8000">哥本哈根诠释Copenhagen interpretation</font>'''认为，一段时间之后，猫既活着又死了。但是，人们看向盒内时，猫不是活着就是死了，不是既活着又死了。这就提出了一个问题，量子叠加具体何时结束，现实何时塌陷成一种或另一种可能性。

In the transactional interpretation the apparatus emits an advanced wave backward in time, which combined with the wave that the source emits forward in time, forms a standing wave.  The waves are seen as physically real, and the apparatus is considered an "observer".  In the transactional interpretation, the collapse of the wavefunction is "atemporal" and occurs along the whole transaction between the source and the apparatus.  The cat is never in superposition.  Rather the cat is only in one state at any particular time, regardless of when the human experimenter looks in the box.  The transactional interpretation resolves this quantum paradox.

In the transactional interpretation the apparatus emits an advanced wave backward in time, which combined with the wave that the source emits forward in time, forms a standing wave.  The waves are seen as physically real, and the apparatus is considered an "observer".  In the transactional interpretation, the collapse of the wavefunction is "atemporal" and occurs along the whole transaction between the source and the apparatus.  The cat is never in superposition.  Rather the cat is only in one state at any particular time, regardless of when the human experimenter looks in the box.  The transactional interpretation resolves this quantum paradox.

在'''<font color=”#ff8000”>交易诠释transactional interpretation</font>'''中，实验设备发射一个逆时间方向的超前波，超前波与源发射的顺时间方向的波互相作用，形成驻波。这些波在物理上被视为真实存在，实验设备被视为“观察者”。在交易诠释中，波函数的坍缩是“非时间性的”，并且发生在源和设备发出的波之间的整个过程中。猫从未处于叠加状。相反，不管人类实验者什么时候看盒子，猫在任何特定时间都只处于一种状态。这样交易诠释九解决了这一量子悖论。

在'''<font color=”#ff8000”>交易诠释transactional interpretation</font>'''中，实验装置发射一个逆着时间行进的超前波，超前波与粒子源发射的顺着时间行进的波相互作用，形成驻波。这些波被认为是真实存在的，装置被视为“观察者”。在交易诠释中，波函数的坍缩是“非时间性的”，并且发生在粒子源与实验装置相互作用的整个阶段。猫从未处于叠加态，相反，不管人类实验者什么时候看盒子，猫在任何特定时间都只处于一种状态。这样交易诠释就解决了这一量子悖论。

On the other hand, the anti-Zeno effect accelerates the changes. For example, if you peek a look into the cat box frequently you may either cause delays to the fateful choice or, conversely, accelerate it.  Both the Zeno effect and the anti-Zeno effect are real and known to happen to real atoms. The quantum system being measured must be strongly coupled to the surrounding environment (in this case to the apparatus, the experiment room ... etc.) in order to obtain more accurate information. But while there is no information passed to the outside world, it is considered to be a quasi-measurement, but as soon as the information about the cat's well-being is passed on to the outside world (by peeking into the box) quasi-measurement turns into measurement.  Quasi-measurements, like measurements, cause the Zeno effects.  Zeno effects teach us that even without peeking into the box, the death of the cat would have been delayed or accelerated anyway due to its environment.

On the other hand, the anti-Zeno effect accelerates the changes. For example, if you peek a look into the cat box frequently you may either cause delays to the fateful choice or, conversely, accelerate it.  Both the Zeno effect and the anti-Zeno effect are real and known to happen to real atoms. The quantum system being measured must be strongly coupled to the surrounding environment (in this case to the apparatus, the experiment room ... etc.) in order to obtain more accurate information. But while there is no information passed to the outside world, it is considered to be a quasi-measurement, but as soon as the information about the cat's well-being is passed on to the outside world (by peeking into the box) quasi-measurement turns into measurement.  Quasi-measurements, like measurements, cause the Zeno effects.  Zeno effects teach us that even without peeking into the box, the death of the cat would have been delayed or accelerated anyway due to its environment.

According to objective collapse theories, superpositions are destroyed spontaneously (irrespective of external observation), when some objective physical threshold (of time, mass, temperature, irreversibility, etc.) is reached. Thus, the cat would be expected to have settled into a definite state long before the box is opened. This could loosely be phrased as "the cat observes itself", or "the environment observes the cat".

According to objective collapse theories, superpositions are destroyed spontaneously (irrespective of external observation), when some objective physical threshold (of time, mass, temperature, irreversibility, etc.) is reached. Thus, the cat would be expected to have settled into a definite state long before the box is opened. This could loosely be phrased as "the cat observes itself", or "the environment observes the cat".

根据''<font color=”#ff8000”>客观塌缩理论objective collapse theories</font>''，当达到客观物理阈值（时间、质量、温度、不可逆性等）时，叠加态会自发地被破坏（与外部观察无关）。因此，猫应该在盒子被打开之前很久就已经稳定在一个确定状态。这可以粗略地称为“猫观察自己” ，或者“环境观察猫”。

根据''<font color=”#ff8000”>客观塌缩理论objective collapse theories</font>''，当达到某些客观物理阈值（时间、质量、温度、不可逆性等），叠加态会自动地被破坏（与外部观察无关）。因此，猫应该早在盒子被打开之前很久就已经稳定在一个确定状态。这可以粗略地称为“猫观察自己”，或者“环境观察猫”。

Objective collapse theories require a modification of standard quantum mechanics to allow superpositions to be destroyed by the process of time evolution.

Objective collapse theories require a modification of standard quantum mechanics to allow superpositions to be destroyed by the process of time evolution.

The experiment as described is a purely theoretical one, and the machine proposed is not known to have been constructed. However, successful experiments involving similar principles, e.g. superpositions of relatively large (by the standards of quantum physics) objects have been performed. These experiments do not show that a cat-sized object can be superposed, but the known upper limit on "cat states" has been pushed upwards by them. In many cases the state is short-lived, even when cooled to near absolute zero.

The experiment as described is a purely theoretical one, and the machine proposed is not known to have been constructed. However, successful experiments involving similar principles, e.g. superpositions of relatively large (by the standards of quantum physics) objects have been performed. These experiments do not show that a cat-sized object can be superposed, but the known upper limit on "cat states" has been pushed upwards by them. In many cases the state is short-lived, even when cooled to near absolute zero.

* A "cat state" has been achieved with photons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.science20.com/news_articles/schr%C3%B6dingers_cat_now_made_light|title=Schrödinger's Cat Now Made Of Light|date=27 August 2014|website=www.science20.com|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318091956/http://www.science20.com/news_articles/schr%C3%B6dingers_cat_now_made_light|archivedate=18 March 2012}}</ref><br>

* A "cat state" has been achieved with photons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.science20.com/news_articles/schr%C3%B6dingers_cat_now_made_light|title=Schrödinger's Cat Now Made Of Light|date=27 August 2014|website=www.science20.com|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318091956/http://www.science20.com/news_articles/schr%C3%B6dingers_cat_now_made_light|archivedate=18 March 2012}}</ref><br>

In quantum computing the phrase "cat state" sometimes refers to the GHZ state, wherein several qubits are in an equal superposition of all being 0 and all being 1; e.g.,

In quantum computing the phrase "cat state" sometimes refers to the GHZ state, wherein several qubits are in an equal superposition of all being 0 and all being 1; e.g.,

在量子计算中，“猫态”有时是指 GHZ态（Greenberg-Horne-Zeilinger态），其中若干量子比特处于全为0和全为1两种态的相等叠加态，例如：

在量子计算中，“猫态”有时指GHZ态（Greenberg-Horne-Zeilinger态），其中若干量子比特处于全为0和全为1两种态的相等叠加态。

According to at least one proposal, it may be possible to determine the state of the cat before observing it.

According to at least one proposal, it may be possible to determine the state of the cat before observing it.

Wigner's friend is a variant on the experiment with two human observers: the first makes an observation on whether a flash of light is seen and then communicates his observation to a second observer. The issue here is, does the wave function "collapse" when the first observer looks at the experiment, or only when the second observer is informed of the first observer's observations?

Wigner's friend is a variant on the experiment with two human observers: the first makes an observation on whether a flash of light is seen and then communicates his observation to a second observer. The issue here is, does the wave function "collapse" when the first observer looks at the experiment, or only when the second observer is informed of the first observer's observations?

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