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The expression '''collective behavior''' was first used by [[Franklin Henry Giddings|Franklin Henry]] {{harvtxt|Giddings|1908}} and employed later by [[Robert E. Park|Robert E.]] {{harvtxt|Park and Burgess|1921}}, [[Herbert Blumer|Herbert]] {{harvtxt|Blumer|1939}}, Ralph Turner and Lewis Killian (1957), and Neil {{harvtxt|Smelser|1962}} to refer to social processes and events which do not reflect existing [[social structure]] ([[laws]], conventions, and [[institutions]]), but which emerge in a "spontaneous" way. Use of the term has been expanded to include reference to cells, [[social animals]] like birds and fish, and insects including [[ants]] {{harv|Gordon|2014}}. Collective behavior takes many forms but generally violates societal norms ({{harvnb|Miller|2000}}; {{harvnb|Locher|2002}}). Collective behavior can be tremendously destructive, as with riots or mob violence, silly, as with fads, or anywhere in between. Collective behavior is always driven by group dynamics, encouraging people to engage in acts they might consider unthinkable under typical social circumstances {{harv|Locher|2002}}.

The expression '''collective behavior''' was first used by [[Franklin Henry Giddings|Franklin Henry]] {{harvtxt|Giddings|1908}} and employed later by [[Robert E. Park|Robert E.]] {{harvtxt|Park and Burgess|1921}}, [[Herbert Blumer|Herbert]] {{harvtxt|Blumer|1939}}, Ralph Turner and Lewis Killian (1957), and Neil {{harvtxt|Smelser|1962}} to refer to social processes and events which do not reflect existing [[social structure]] ([[laws]], conventions, and [[institutions]]), but which emerge in a "spontaneous" way. Use of the term has been expanded to include reference to cells, [[social animals]] like birds and fish, and insects including [[ants]] {{harv|Gordon|2014}}. Collective behavior takes many forms but generally violates societal norms ({{harvnb|Miller|2000}}; {{harvnb|Locher|2002}}). Collective behavior can be tremendously destructive, as with riots or mob violence, silly, as with fads, or anywhere in between. Collective behavior is always driven by group dynamics, encouraging people to engage in acts they might consider unthinkable under typical social circumstances {{harv|Locher|2002}}.

The expression collective behavior was first used by Franklin Henry  and employed later by Robert E. , Herbert , Ralph Turner and Lewis Killian (1957), and Neil  to refer to social processes and events which do not reflect existing social structure (laws, conventions, and institutions), but which emerge in a "spontaneous" way. Use of the term has been expanded to include reference to cells, social animals like birds and fish, and insects including ants . Collective behavior takes many forms but generally violates societal norms (; ). Collective behavior can be tremendously destructive, as with riots or mob violence, silly, as with fads, or anywhere in between. Collective behavior is always driven by group dynamics, encouraging people to engage in acts they might consider unthinkable under typical social circumstances .

The expression collective behavior was first used by Franklin Henry  and employed later by Robert E. Park, Herbert , Ralph Turner and Lewis Killian (1957), and Neil  to refer to social processes and events which do not reflect existing social structure (laws, conventions, and institutions), but which emerge in a "spontaneous" way. Use of the term has been expanded to include reference to cells, social animals like birds and fish, and insects including ants . Collective behavior takes many forms but generally violates societal norms (; ). Collective behavior can be tremendously destructive, as with riots or mob violence, silly, as with fads, or anywhere in between. Collective behavior is always driven by group dynamics, encouraging people to engage in acts they might consider unthinkable under typical social circumstances .

集体行为这个词最早由富兰克林 · 亨利使用，后来被罗伯特 · e、赫伯特、拉尔夫 · 特纳和刘易斯 · 基利安(1957)和尼尔用来指代不反映现有社会结构(法律、惯例和制度)但以“自发”方式出现的社会过程和事件。这个术语的使用已经扩大到包括细胞，群居动物如鸟类和鱼类，以及昆虫包括蚂蚁。集体行为有多种形式，但通常违反社会规范(;)。集体行为具有巨大的破坏性，比如暴动或暴民暴力，愚蠢的，比如时尚，或者介于两者之间的任何地方。集体行为总是受到群体动力的驱动，鼓励人们从事他们认为在典型社会环境下不可想象的行为。

集体行为最早由富兰克林 · 亨利（Franklin Henry）提出，后来罗伯特 · 帕克（Robert E. Park、赫伯特、拉尔夫 · 特纳和刘易斯 · 基利安(1957)和尼尔用来指代不反映现有社会结构（法律、惯例和制度）但以“自发”方式出现的社会过程和事件。这个术语的使用已经扩大到包括细胞，群居动物如鸟类和鱼类，以及昆虫包括蚂蚁。集体行为有多种形式，但通常违反社会规范(;)。集体行为有时破坏力极强（如暴动或暴民暴力），有时极其愚蠢（如时尚），或者介于破坏性和愚蠢之间。集体行为总是受到群体动力的驱动，使得人们做出他们认为在典型社会环境下不可想象的行为。

== Examples ==

== Examples 例子 ==