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生命起源 Abiogenesis - 版本历史
2024-03-29T07:07:35Z
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Steve Luo:/* 在Miller-Urey实验中使用还原性较低的气体t */
2021-07-12T03:13:44Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">在Miller-Urey实验中使用还原性较低的气体t</span></span></p>
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Steve Luo
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Qige96:/* 自然发生论在19世纪被认为是不成立的 */
2021-06-05T10:59:02Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">自然发生论在19世纪被认为是不成立的</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">2021年6月5日 (六) 10:59的版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l316" >第316行:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第316行:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''自然发生的学说永远不会从这个简单的实验所带来的致命打击中恢复过来。<ref name="Oparin1953">Oparin, A.I. (1953) [Originally published 1938; New York: The Macmillan Company]. The Origin of Life. Translation and new introduction by Sergius Morgulis (2nd ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-49522-4. LCCN 53010161.,p196</ref><ref name="Tyndall Fragments2">Tyndall, John (1905) [Originally published 1871; London; New York: Longmans, Green & Co.; D. Appleton and Company]. Fragments of Science. 2 (6th ed.). New York: P.F. Collier & Sons. OCLC 726998155. Retrieved 6 June 2015.</ref> ''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''自然发生的学说永远不会从这个简单的实验所带来的致命打击中恢复过来。<ref name="Oparin1953">Oparin, A.I. (1953) [Originally published 1938; New York: The Macmillan Company]. The Origin of Life. Translation and new introduction by Sergius Morgulis (2nd ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-49522-4. LCCN 53010161.,p196</ref><ref name="Tyndall Fragments2">Tyndall, John (1905) [Originally published 1871; London; New York: Longmans, Green & Co.; D. Appleton and Company]. Fragments of Science. 2 (6th ed.). New York: P.F. Collier & Sons. OCLC 726998155. Retrieved 6 June 2015.</ref> ''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><blockquote></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/</ins>blockquote></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>实验给出了一个机制,通过这个机制,生命从几个简单的生物体多样化到各种复杂的形式。今天,科学家们一致认为,目前所有的生命都是早期生命的后裔,而早期生命通过Charles Darwin的自然选择进化机制,逐渐变得更加复杂和多样化。Darwin在1863年给Hooker写信指出:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>实验给出了一个机制,通过这个机制,生命从几个简单的生物体多样化到各种复杂的形式。今天,科学家们一致认为,目前所有的生命都是早期生命的后裔,而早期生命通过Charles Darwin的自然选择进化机制,逐渐变得更加复杂和多样化。Darwin在1863年给Hooker写信指出:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l327" >第327行:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>在《物种起源》中,他曾提到生命是 "被创造的",他说生命是“被创造出来的”,“实际上是指通过某种完全未知的过程‘出现’”,但很快就后悔使用《旧约》中的“创造”一词。</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>在《物种起源》中,他曾提到生命是 "被创造的",他说生命是“被创造出来的”,“实际上是指通过某种完全未知的过程‘出现’”,但很快就后悔使用《旧约》中的“创造”一词。</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====生源论(生物起源)和非生源论(非生物起源)的词源学====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====生源论(生物起源)和非生源论(非生物起源)的词源学====</div></td></tr>
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Qige96
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薄荷:/* 铁-硫世界 */
2021-06-04T15:18:24Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">铁-硫世界</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">2021年6月4日 (五) 15:18的版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l708" >第708行:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第708行:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>与经典的Miller实验依赖外部能量来源(模拟闪电、紫外线照射)不同,“Wächtershäuser系统”自带内置能量来源:铁的硫化物(黄铁矿)和其他矿物。这些金属硫化物的氧化还原反应所释放的能量可用于有机分子的合成,这种系统可能已经演化成自催化组,构成自我复制、代谢活跃的实体,早于今天已知的生命形式。<ref name="Ralser 2014" /><ref name="Metabolism 2014" />在100℃的水环境中用这种硫化物进行实验,产生了产量相对较小的二肽 (0.4%~12.4%<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)和更小产量的三肽 </del>(0.10%),尽管在相同的条件下,二肽很快被分解。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Huber |first1=Claudia |last2=Wächtershäuser |first2=Günter |date=31 July 1998 |title=Peptides by Activation of Amino Acids with CO on (Ni,Fe)S Surfaces: Implications for the Origin of Life |journal=Science |volume=281 |issue=5377 |pages=670–672 |bibcode=1998Sci...281..670H |doi=10.1126/science.281.5377.670 |pmid=9685253}}</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>与经典的Miller实验依赖外部能量来源(模拟闪电、紫外线照射)不同,“Wächtershäuser系统”自带内置能量来源:铁的硫化物(黄铁矿)和其他矿物。这些金属硫化物的氧化还原反应所释放的能量可用于有机分子的合成,这种系统可能已经演化成自催化组,构成自我复制、代谢活跃的实体,早于今天已知的生命形式。<ref name="Ralser 2014" /><ref name="Metabolism 2014" />在100℃的水环境中用这种硫化物进行实验,产生了产量相对较小的二肽 (0.4%~12.4%<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)和更小产量的三肽 </ins>(0.10%),尽管在相同的条件下,二肽很快被分解。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Huber |first1=Claudia |last2=Wächtershäuser |first2=Günter |date=31 July 1998 |title=Peptides by Activation of Amino Acids with CO on (Ni,Fe)S Surfaces: Implications for the Origin of Life |journal=Science |volume=281 |issue=5377 |pages=670–672 |bibcode=1998Sci...281..670H |doi=10.1126/science.281.5377.670 |pmid=9685253}}</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>有几个模型否定了“裸基因”的自我复制,而是假设出现了一种原始的新陈代谢,为后来出现的RNA复制提供了安全的环境。克雷布斯循环 Krebs <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cycle(柠檬酸循环)在需氧生物体内产生能量,以及在复杂有机化学物的生物合成中吸取二氧化碳和氢离子的中心地位,表明它是新陈代谢中最早进化的部分之一。</del><ref name="Lane 2009">Lane, Nick (2009). Life Ascending: The 10 Great Inventions of Evolution (1st American ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06596-1. LCCN 2009005046. OCLC 286488326.</ref>与此相一致的是,地球化学家Russell提出“生命的目的是使二氧化碳氢化”(这是“新陈代谢优先”而不是“基因优先”情形的一部分)。<ref name="Musser">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/how-life-arose-on-earth-and-how-a-singularity-might-bring-it-down/ |title=How Life Arose on Earth, and How a Singularity Might Bring It Down |last=Musser |first=George |date=23 September 2011 |work=Observations |type=Blog |accessdate=2015-06-17 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617211804/http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/how-life-arose-on-earth-and-how-a-singularity-might-bring-it-down/ |archivedate=17 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="Carroll">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2010/03/10/free-energy-and-the-meaning-of-life/ |title=Free Energy and the Meaning of Life |last=Carroll |first=Sean |date=10 March 2010 |work=Cosmic Variance |type=Blog |publisher=Discover|accessdate=2015-06-17 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714074327/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2010/03/10/free-energy-and-the-meaning-of-life/ |archivedate=14 July 2015}}</ref>物理学家杰里米·英格兰Jeremy England提出,从一般的热力学考虑,生命是不可避免的:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>有几个模型否定了“裸基因”的自我复制,而是假设出现了一种原始的新陈代谢,为后来出现的RNA复制提供了安全的环境。克雷布斯循环 Krebs <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cycle(柠檬酸循环)在需氧生物体内产生能量,以及在复杂有机化学物的生物合成中吸取二氧化碳和氢离子的中心地位,表明它是新陈代谢中最早进化的部分之一。</ins><ref name="Lane 2009">Lane, Nick (2009). Life Ascending: The 10 Great Inventions of Evolution (1st American ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06596-1. LCCN 2009005046. OCLC 286488326.</ref>与此相一致的是,地球化学家Russell提出“生命的目的是使二氧化碳氢化”(这是“新陈代谢优先”而不是“基因优先”情形的一部分)。<ref name="Musser">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/how-life-arose-on-earth-and-how-a-singularity-might-bring-it-down/ |title=How Life Arose on Earth, and How a Singularity Might Bring It Down |last=Musser |first=George |date=23 September 2011 |work=Observations |type=Blog |accessdate=2015-06-17 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617211804/http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/how-life-arose-on-earth-and-how-a-singularity-might-bring-it-down/ |archivedate=17 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="Carroll">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2010/03/10/free-energy-and-the-meaning-of-life/ |title=Free Energy and the Meaning of Life |last=Carroll |first=Sean |date=10 March 2010 |work=Cosmic Variance |type=Blog |publisher=Discover|accessdate=2015-06-17 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714074327/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2010/03/10/free-energy-and-the-meaning-of-life/ |archivedate=14 July 2015}}</ref>物理学家杰里米·英格兰Jeremy England提出,从一般的热力学考虑,生命是不可避免的:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><blockquote></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><blockquote></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''... when a group of atoms is driven by an external source of energy (like the sun or chemical fuel) and surrounded by a heat bath (like the ocean or atmosphere), it will often gradually restructure itself in order to dissipate increasingly more energy. This could mean that under certain conditions, matter inexorably acquires the key physical attribute associated with life.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wolchover |first=Natalie |date=22 January 2014 |title=A New Physics Theory of Life |url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/20140122-a-new-physics-theory-of-life/ |journal=Quanta Magazine |accessdate=2015-06-17 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613052830/https://www.quantamagazine.org/20140122-a-new-physics-theory-of-life/ |archivedate=13 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=England |first=Jeremy L. |date=28 September 2013 |title=Statistical physics of self-replication |url=http://www.englandlab.com/uploads/7/8/0/3/7803054/2013jcpsrep.pdf |journal=Journal of Chemical Physics|volume=139 |issue=12 |page=121923 |arxiv=1209.1179 |bibcode=2013JChPh.139l1923E |doi=10.1063/1.4818538 |pmid=24089735 |accessdate=2015-06-18 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604131515/http://www.englandlab.com/uploads/7/8/0/3/7803054/2013jcpsrep.pdf |archivedate=4 June 2015|hdl=1721.1/90392}}</ref>''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''... when a group of atoms is driven by an external source of energy (like the sun or chemical fuel) and surrounded by a heat bath (like the ocean or atmosphere), it will often gradually restructure itself in order to dissipate increasingly more energy. This could mean that under certain conditions, matter inexorably acquires the key physical attribute associated with life.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wolchover |first=Natalie |date=22 January 2014 |title=A New Physics Theory of Life |url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/20140122-a-new-physics-theory-of-life/ |journal=Quanta Magazine |accessdate=2015-06-17 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613052830/https://www.quantamagazine.org/20140122-a-new-physics-theory-of-life/ |archivedate=13 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=England |first=Jeremy L. |date=28 September 2013 |title=Statistical physics of self-replication |url=http://www.englandlab.com/uploads/7/8/0/3/7803054/2013jcpsrep.pdf |journal=Journal of Chemical Physics|volume=139 |issue=12 |page=121923 |arxiv=1209.1179 |bibcode=2013JChPh.139l1923E |doi=10.1063/1.4818538 |pmid=24089735 |accessdate=2015-06-18 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604131515/http://www.englandlab.com/uploads/7/8/0/3/7803054/2013jcpsrep.pdf |archivedate=4 June 2015|hdl=1721.1/90392}}</ref>''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''...<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">当一组原子受到外部能量源(如太阳或化学燃料)的驱动,并被热浴(如海洋或大气层)所包围时,它往往会逐渐重组自己,以耗散越来越多的能量。这可能意味着,在某些条件下,物质不可避免地获得了与生命相关的关键物理属性。</del>''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''...<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">当一组原子受到外部能量源(如太阳或化学燃料)的驱动,并被热浴(如海洋或大气层)所包围时,它往往会逐渐重组自己,以耗散越来越多的能量。这可能意味着,在某些条件下,物质不可避免地获得了与生命相关的关键物理属性。</ins>''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></blockquote></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></blockquote></div></td></tr>
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</table>
薄荷
https://wiki.swarma.org/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90_Abiogenesis&diff=23095&oldid=prev
薄荷:/* 粘土假说 */
2021-06-04T15:17:21Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">粘土假说</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">←上一版本</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">2021年6月4日 (五) 15:17的版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l699" >第699行:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第699行:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2007年,来自华盛顿大学的巴特·卡尔Bart </del>Kahr 及其同事报告了他们的实验,利用邻苯二甲酸氢钾的晶体,检验了晶体可以作为可转移信息的来源的想法。有缺陷的"母"晶体被切割用作种子以从溶液中生长出"子"晶体。然后,他们检查了新晶体中缺陷的分布,发现母晶体中的缺陷在子晶体中重现,但子晶体也有许多额外的缺陷。要想观察到类似基因的行为,这些缺陷的遗传的量应该超过连续几代中的突变的量,但事实并非如此。因此Kahr 得出结论,这些晶体 "不够忠实,无法存储信息并将信息从一代传给下一代”。<ref>{{cite journal |last=Moore |first=Caroline |date=16 July 2007 |title=Crystals as genes? |url=http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2007/08/Crystals_as_genes.asp |journal=Highlights in Chemical Science |accessdate=2015-06-21 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714094855/http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2007/08/Crystals_as_genes.asp |archivedate=14 July 2015}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2007年,来自华盛顿大学的巴特·卡尔 Bart </ins>Kahr 及其同事报告了他们的实验,利用邻苯二甲酸氢钾的晶体,检验了晶体可以作为可转移信息的来源的想法。有缺陷的"母"晶体被切割用作种子以从溶液中生长出"子"晶体。然后,他们检查了新晶体中缺陷的分布,发现母晶体中的缺陷在子晶体中重现,但子晶体也有许多额外的缺陷。要想观察到类似基因的行为,这些缺陷的遗传的量应该超过连续几代中的突变的量,但事实并非如此。因此Kahr 得出结论,这些晶体 "不够忠实,无法存储信息并将信息从一代传给下一代”。<ref>{{cite journal |last=Moore |first=Caroline |date=16 July 2007 |title=Crystals as genes? |url=http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2007/08/Crystals_as_genes.asp |journal=Highlights in Chemical Science |accessdate=2015-06-21 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714094855/http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2007/08/Crystals_as_genes.asp |archivedate=14 July 2015}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* {{cite journal |last1=Bullard |first1=Theresa |last2=Freudenthal |first2=John |last3=Avagyan |first3=Serine |last4=Kahr |first4=Bart |display-authors=3 |year=2007 |title=Test of Cairns-Smith's 'crystals-as-genes' hypothesis |journal=Faraday Discussions |volume=136 |pages=231–245 |bibcode=2007FaDi..136..231B |doi=10.1039/b616612c |pmid=17955812 }}</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* {{cite journal |last1=Bullard |first1=Theresa |last2=Freudenthal |first2=John |last3=Avagyan |first3=Serine |last4=Kahr |first4=Bart |display-authors=3 |year=2007 |title=Test of Cairns-Smith's 'crystals-as-genes' hypothesis |journal=Faraday Discussions |volume=136 |pages=231–245 |bibcode=2007FaDi..136..231B |doi=10.1039/b616612c |pmid=17955812 }}</ref></div></td></tr>
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</table>
薄荷
https://wiki.swarma.org/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90_Abiogenesis&diff=23094&oldid=prev
薄荷:/* 粘土假说 */
2021-06-04T15:16:58Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">粘土假说</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">2021年6月4日 (五) 15:16的版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l693" >第693行:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第693行:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== 粘土假说 ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== 粘土假说 ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>蒙脱石是一种丰富的粘土,是RNA聚合和脂质形成膜的催化剂。<ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{cite press release |last=Perry |first=Caroline |date=7 February 2011 |title=Clay-armored bubbles may have formed first protocells |url=http://www</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">eurekalert</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">org/pub_releases/2011-02/hu-cbm020411</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">php |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University|agency=EurekAlert! |accessdate=2015-06-20 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">//web</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">archive</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">org/web/20150714101638/http://www</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">02/hu</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cbm020411</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">php |archivedate=14 July 2015}}</del></ref>1985年,亚历山大·凯恩斯-史密斯 Alexander Cairns-Smith提出了一个利用粘土进行生命起源的模型,并被一些科学家作为一种似可信的机制进行了探索。<ref>Dawkins, Richard (1996). The Blind Watchmaker (Reissue with a new introduction ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company. </ref> 粘土假说假定复杂的有机分子是在溶液中的硅酸盐晶体预先存在的非有机重复表面上逐渐产生的。</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>蒙脱石是一种丰富的粘土,是RNA聚合和脂质形成膜的催化剂。<ref><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Dawkins, Richard (1996)</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Blind Watchmaker (Reissue with a new introduction ed</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">New York</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">W</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">W</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Norton & Company</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ISBN 978-0-393</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">31570</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">7. LCCN 96229669</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">OCLC 35648431</ins></ref>1985年,亚历山大·凯恩斯-史密斯 Alexander Cairns-Smith提出了一个利用粘土进行生命起源的模型,并被一些科学家作为一种似可信的机制进行了探索。<ref>Dawkins, Richard (1996). The Blind Watchmaker (Reissue with a new introduction ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company. </ref> 粘土假说假定复杂的有机分子是在溶液中的硅酸盐晶体预先存在的非有机重复表面上逐渐产生的。</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l702" >第702行:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* {{cite journal |last1=Bullard |first1=Theresa |last2=Freudenthal |first2=John |last3=Avagyan |first3=Serine |last4=Kahr |first4=Bart |display-authors=3 |year=2007 |title=Test of Cairns-Smith's 'crystals-as-genes' hypothesis |journal=Faraday Discussions |volume=136 |pages=231–245 |bibcode=2007FaDi..136..231B |doi=10.1039/b616612c |pmid=17955812 }}</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* {{cite journal |last1=Bullard |first1=Theresa |last2=Freudenthal |first2=John |last3=Avagyan |first3=Serine |last4=Kahr |first4=Bart |display-authors=3 |year=2007 |title=Test of Cairns-Smith's 'crystals-as-genes' hypothesis |journal=Faraday Discussions |volume=136 |pages=231–245 |bibcode=2007FaDi..136..231B |doi=10.1039/b616612c |pmid=17955812 }}</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== 铁-硫世界===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== 铁-硫世界===</div></td></tr>
</table>
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薄荷:/* 晚期重型轰炸 */
2021-06-04T15:15:52Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">晚期重型轰炸</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">2021年6月4日 (五) 15:15的版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l235" >第235行:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第235行:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>传统上认为,在42.8亿<ref name="NAT-20170301" /><ref name="NYT-20170301" /> 年前到38亿年前之间的时期,巨行星轨道的变化可能造成了小行星和彗星<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gomes |first1=Rodney |last2=Levison |first2=Hal F. |last3=Tsiganis |first3=Kleomenis |last4=Morbidelli |first4=Alessandro date=26 May 2005 |title=Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets |journal=Nature |volume=435 |issue=7041 |bibcode=2005Natur.435..466G |doi=10.1038/nature03676 |pmid=15917802|doi-access=free }}</ref>对月球和其他内行星(水星、火星,大概还有地球和金星)的猛烈轰击。如果生命在那之前出现的话,这很可能会使这个星球反复成为不毛之地。<ref name="Follmann2009" />从地质学上来说,冥古代地球会比历史上任何其他时间都要活跃得多。对陨石的研究表明,放射性同位素,如半衰期为7.17 千年的铝-26和半衰期为12.5亿年的钾-40,这些主要产生于超新星的同位素更为常见<ref>Davies, Paul (December 2007). "Are Aliens Among Us?" . Scientific American. 297 (6): 62–69. Bibcode:2007SciAm.297f..62D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1207-62.,pp=61–73</ref> 。由于地核和地幔之间的重力分选而产生的内部加热会引起大量的地幔对流,其结果可能是产生了比现在更小、更活跃的构造板块。</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>传统上认为,在42.8亿<ref name="NAT-20170301" /><ref name="NYT-20170301" /> 年前到38亿年前之间的时期,巨行星轨道的变化可能造成了小行星和彗星<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gomes |first1=Rodney |last2=Levison |first2=Hal F. |last3=Tsiganis |first3=Kleomenis |last4=Morbidelli |first4=Alessandro<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|</ins>date=26 May 2005 |title=Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets |journal=Nature |volume=435 |issue=7041 |bibcode=2005Natur.435..466G |doi=10.1038/nature03676 |pmid=15917802|doi-access=free }}</ref>对月球和其他内行星(水星、火星,大概还有地球和金星)的猛烈轰击。如果生命在那之前出现的话,这很可能会使这个星球反复成为不毛之地。<ref name="Follmann2009" />从地质学上来说,冥古代地球会比历史上任何其他时间都要活跃得多。对陨石的研究表明,放射性同位素,如半衰期为7.17 千年的铝-26和半衰期为12.5亿年的钾-40,这些主要产生于超新星的同位素更为常见<ref>Davies, Paul (December 2007). "Are Aliens Among Us?" . Scientific American. 297 (6): 62–69. Bibcode:2007SciAm.297f..62D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1207-62.,pp=61–73</ref> 。由于地核和地幔之间的重力分选而产生的内部加热会引起大量的地幔对流,其结果可能是产生了比现在更小、更活跃的构造板块。</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>
薄荷
https://wiki.swarma.org/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90_Abiogenesis&diff=23092&oldid=prev
薄荷:/* 晚期重型轰炸 */
2021-06-04T15:15:01Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">晚期重型轰炸</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">←上一版本</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">2021年6月4日 (五) 15:15的版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l235" >第235行:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第235行:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>传统上认为,在42.8亿<ref name="NAT-20170301" /><ref name="NYT-20170301" /> 年前到38亿年前之间的时期,巨行星轨道的变化可能造成了小行星和彗星<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gomes |first1=Rodney |last2=Levison |first2=Hal F. |last3=Tsiganis |first3=Kleomenis |last4=Morbidelli |first4=Alessandro date=26 May 2005 |title=Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets |journal=Nature |volume=435 |issue=7041 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|pages=466–469 </del>|bibcode=2005Natur.435..466G |doi=10.1038/nature03676 |pmid=15917802|doi-access=free }}</ref>对月球和其他内行星(水星、火星,大概还有地球和金星)的猛烈轰击。如果生命在那之前出现的话,这很可能会使这个星球反复成为不毛之地。<ref name="Follmann2009" />从地质学上来说,冥古代地球会比历史上任何其他时间都要活跃得多。对陨石的研究表明,放射性同位素,如半衰期为7.17 千年的铝-26和半衰期为12.5亿年的钾-40,这些主要产生于超新星的同位素更为常见<ref>Davies, Paul (December 2007). "Are Aliens Among Us?" . Scientific American. 297 (6): 62–69. Bibcode:2007SciAm.297f..62D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1207-62.,pp=61–73</ref> 。由于地核和地幔之间的重力分选而产生的内部加热会引起大量的地幔对流,其结果可能是产生了比现在更小、更活跃的构造板块。</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>传统上认为,在42.8亿<ref name="NAT-20170301" /><ref name="NYT-20170301" /> 年前到38亿年前之间的时期,巨行星轨道的变化可能造成了小行星和彗星<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gomes |first1=Rodney |last2=Levison |first2=Hal F. |last3=Tsiganis |first3=Kleomenis |last4=Morbidelli |first4=Alessandro date=26 May 2005 |title=Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets |journal=Nature |volume=435 |issue=7041 |bibcode=2005Natur.435..466G |doi=10.1038/nature03676 |pmid=15917802|doi-access=free }}</ref>对月球和其他内行星(水星、火星,大概还有地球和金星)的猛烈轰击。如果生命在那之前出现的话,这很可能会使这个星球反复成为不毛之地。<ref name="Follmann2009" />从地质学上来说,冥古代地球会比历史上任何其他时间都要活跃得多。对陨石的研究表明,放射性同位素,如半衰期为7.17 千年的铝-26和半衰期为12.5亿年的钾-40,这些主要产生于超新星的同位素更为常见<ref>Davies, Paul (December 2007). "Are Aliens Among Us?" . Scientific American. 297 (6): 62–69. Bibcode:2007SciAm.297f..62D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1207-62.,pp=61–73</ref> 。由于地核和地幔之间的重力分选而产生的内部加热会引起大量的地幔对流,其结果可能是产生了比现在更小、更活跃的构造板块。</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>
薄荷
https://wiki.swarma.org/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90_Abiogenesis&diff=23091&oldid=prev
薄荷:/* 关于生命起源的实验 */
2021-06-04T15:13:22Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">关于生命起源的实验</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">←上一版本</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">2021年6月4日 (五) 15:13的版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l882" >第882行:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第882行:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:J. Craig Venter crop 2011 CHAO2011-49.jpg|thumb|upright|克雷格·文特 J. Craig Venter]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:J. Craig Venter crop 2011 CHAO2011-49.jpg|thumb|upright|克雷格·文特 J. Craig Venter]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Eigen和索尔·斯皮格尔曼 Sol Spiegelman都证明了进化,包括复制、变异和自然选择,可以发生在分子群体中,也可以发生在生物群体中。<ref name="Follmann2009">{{cite journal |last1= Follmann |first1= Hartmut |last2= Brownson |first2= Carol |date= November 2009 |title= Darwin's warm little pond revisited: from molecules to the origin of life |journal= Naturwissenschaften |volume= 96 |issue= 11 |pages= 1265–1292 |bibcode= 2009NW.....96.1265F |pmid= 19760276 |doi= 10.1007/s00114-009-0602-1}}</ref>继化学进化之后,是生物进化的开始,导致了第一个细胞的出现。<ref name="Follmann2009" />目前还没有人用简单的成分合成一个具有必要生命特征的"原细胞"(所谓"自下而上的方法")。在没有这样的原理证明的情况下,解释往往集中在化学合成上。<ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{cite press release |last1= </del>McCollom <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|first1= </del>Thomas <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|last2= </del>Mayhew <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|first2= </del>Lisa <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|last3= </del>Scott <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|first3= </del>Jim <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|date= </del>7 October 2014 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|title= </del>NASA awards CU-Boulder-led team $7 million to study origins, evolution of life in universe <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|url= http://www.colorado</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">edu/news/releases/2014/10/07/nasa-awards-cu-boulder-led-team-7-million-study-origins-evolution-life |location= </del>Boulder, CO <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|publisher= </del>University of Colorado Boulder <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|accessdate= 2015-06-08 |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150731015530/http://www.colorado</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">edu/news/releases/2014/10/07/nasa-awards-cu-boulder-led-team-7-million-study-origins-evolution-life |archivedate= </del>31 July 2015<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}}</del></ref> 然而,一些研究者从事这一领域的研究,著名的有斯蒂恩·拉斯穆森 Steen Rasmussen和Szostak。</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Eigen和索尔·斯皮格尔曼 Sol Spiegelman都证明了进化,包括复制、变异和自然选择,可以发生在分子群体中,也可以发生在生物群体中。<ref name="Follmann2009">{{cite journal |last1= Follmann |first1= Hartmut |last2= Brownson |first2= Carol |date= November 2009 |title= Darwin's warm little pond revisited: from molecules to the origin of life |journal= Naturwissenschaften |volume= 96 |issue= 11 |pages= 1265–1292 |bibcode= 2009NW.....96.1265F |pmid= 19760276 |doi= 10.1007/s00114-009-0602-1}}</ref>继化学进化之后,是生物进化的开始,导致了第一个细胞的出现。<ref name="Follmann2009" />目前还没有人用简单的成分合成一个具有必要生命特征的"原细胞"(所谓"自下而上的方法")。在没有这样的原理证明的情况下,解释往往集中在化学合成上。<ref>McCollom<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>Thomas<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">; </ins>Mayhew<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>Lisa<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">; </ins>Scott<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>Jim <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(</ins>7 October 2014<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">). "</ins>NASA awards CU-Boulder-led team $7 million to study origins, evolution of life in universe<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" (Press release)</ins>. Boulder, CO<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: </ins>University of Colorado Boulder. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Archived from the original on </ins>31 July 2015<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Retrieved 8 June 2015.</ins></ref> 然而,一些研究者从事这一领域的研究,著名的有斯蒂恩·拉斯穆森 Steen Rasmussen和Szostak。</div></td></tr>
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</table>
薄荷
https://wiki.swarma.org/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90_Abiogenesis&diff=23090&oldid=prev
薄荷:/* 第一个在热循环过程中凝结底物的蛋白质:热合成作用 */
2021-06-04T14:56:57Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">第一个在热循环过程中凝结底物的蛋白质:热合成作用</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">2021年6月4日 (五) 14:56的版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l807" >第807行:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第807行:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>然而铁-硫世界确定的循环通路是最简单的,热合成假说甚至没有调用通路。ATP合成酶的结合变化机制类似于产生自由能的物理吸附过程,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Muller |first1=Anthonie W. J. |last2=Schulze-Makuch |first2=Dirk |date=1 April 2006 |title=Sorption heat engines: Simple inanimate negative entropy generators |journal=Physica (journal)<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications</del>|volume=362 |issue=2 |pages=369–381 |arxiv=physics/0507173 |bibcode=2006PhyA..362..369M |doi=10.1016/j.physa.2005.12.003}}</ref> 而不是减少自由能的普通的酶的机制。</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>然而铁-硫世界确定的循环通路是最简单的,热合成假说甚至没有调用通路。ATP合成酶的结合变化机制类似于产生自由能的物理吸附过程,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Muller |first1=Anthonie W. J. |last2=Schulze-Makuch |first2=Dirk |date=1 April 2006 |title=Sorption heat engines: Simple inanimate negative entropy generators |journal=Physica (journal)|volume=362 |issue=2 |pages=369–381 |arxiv=physics/0507173 |bibcode=2006PhyA..362..369M |doi=10.1016/j.physa.2005.12.003}}</ref> 而不是减少自由能的普通的酶的机制。</div></td></tr>
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</table>
薄荷
https://wiki.swarma.org/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90_Abiogenesis&diff=23089&oldid=prev
薄荷:/* 病毒的起源 */
2021-06-04T14:41:18Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">病毒的起源</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">←上一版本</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">2021年6月4日 (五) 14:41的版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l848" >第848行:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第848行:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===病毒的起源===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===病毒的起源===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">最近有人提出了“病毒优先”假说的证据,这可能支持RNA世界的理论。</ins><ref name="Urbana–Champaign_pr">Yates<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>Diana <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(</ins>25 September 2015<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">). "</ins>Study adds to evidence that viruses are alive<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" (Press release)</ins>. Champaign, IL<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: </ins>University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Archived from the original on </ins>19 November 2015<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Retrieved 20 October 2015.</ins></ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal |doi=10.1089/ast.2018.1851 |title=The Need for Including Virus Detection Methods in Future Mars Missions |journal=Astrobiology |volume=18 |issue=12 |pages=1611–1614 |year=2018 |last1=Janjic |first1=Aleksandar |bibcode=2018AsBio..18.1611J }}</ref><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">研究病毒起源的困难之一是它们的高突变率;尤其是像HIV这样的RNA逆转录病毒。</ins><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1098/rstb.2012.0493 |pmid=23938747 |pmc=3758182 |title=Paleovirology: Inferring viral evolution from host genome sequence data |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=368 |issue=1626 |page=20120493 |year=2013 |last1=Katzourakis |first1=A }}</ref>2015年的一项研究比较了生命树不同分支的蛋白质折叠结构,研究人员可以重建折叠和基因组编码这些折叠的生物体的进化史。他们认为,蛋白质折叠是古代事件的更好标志,因为即使编码那些折叠的序列开始变化,它们的三维结构也能保持不变。<ref name="Urbana–Champaign_pr" /><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">因此,病毒蛋白库保留了古代进化史的痕迹,可以使用先进的生物信息学方法来恢复。那些研究人员认为,“基因组和颗粒大小减少的长期压力最终将病毒细胞缩减成现代病毒(通过细胞组成的完全丧失来识别),同时其他共存的细胞系也多样化成了现代细胞。”</ins><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arshan |first1=Nasir |last2=Caetano-Anollés |first2=Gustavo |date=25 September 2015 |title=A phylogenomic data-driven exploration of viral origins and evolution |journal=Science Advances|volume=1 |number=8 |page=e1500527 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1500527 |pmid=26601271 |pmc=4643759 |bibcode=2015SciA....1E0527N }}</ref> 数据表明,病毒起源于与现代细胞的祖先共存的古细胞。这些古细胞很可能包含分段的RNA基因组。<ref name="Urbana–Champaign_pr" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nasir |first1=Arshan |last2=Naeem |first2=Aisha |last3=Jawad Khan |first3=Muhammad |last4=Lopez-Nicora |first4=Horacio D. |last5=Caetano-Anollés |first5=Gustavo |display-authors=3 |date=December 2011 |title=Annotation of Protein Domains Reveals Remarkable Conservation in the Functional Make up of Proteomes Across Superkingdoms |journal=Genes |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=869–911 |doi=10.3390/genes2040869 |pmc=3927607 |pmid=24710297}}</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">最近有人提出了"病毒优先”假说的证据,这可能支持RNA世界的理论。</del><ref name="Urbana–Champaign_pr"><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{cite press release |last=</del>Yates <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|first=</del>Diana <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|date=</del>25 September 2015 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|title=</del>Study adds to evidence that viruses are alive <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|url=https://news.illinois</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">edu/blog/view/6367/250879 |location=</del>Champaign, IL <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|publisher=</del>University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|access-date=2015-10-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">archive.org/web/20151119153226/https://news.illinois.edu/blog/view/6367/250879 |archive-date=</del>19 November 2015<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}}</del></ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal |doi=10.1089/ast.2018.1851 |title=The Need for Including Virus Detection Methods in Future Mars Missions |journal=Astrobiology |volume=18 |issue=12 |pages=1611–1614 |year=2018 |last1=Janjic |first1=Aleksandar |bibcode=2018AsBio..18.1611J }}</ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">研究病毒起源的困难之一是它们的高突变率;尤其是像HIV这样的RNA逆转录病毒。</del><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1098/rstb.2012.0493 |pmid=23938747 |pmc=3758182 |title=Paleovirology: Inferring viral evolution from host genome sequence data |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=368 |issue=1626 |page=20120493 |year=2013 |last1=Katzourakis |first1=A }}</ref>2015年的一项研究比较了生命树不同分支的蛋白质折叠结构,研究人员可以重建折叠和基因组编码这些折叠的生物体的进化史。他们认为,蛋白质折叠是古代事件的更好标志,因为即使编码那些折叠的序列开始变化,它们的三维结构也能保持不变。<ref name="Urbana–Champaign_pr" /><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">因此,病毒蛋白库保留了古代进化史的痕迹,可以使用先进的生物信息学方法来恢复。那些研究人员认为,"基因组和颗粒大小减少的长期压力最终将病毒细胞缩减成现代病毒(通过细胞组成的完全丧失来识别),同时其他共存的细胞系也多样化成了现代细胞。"</del><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arshan |first1=Nasir |last2=Caetano-Anollés |first2=Gustavo |date=25 September 2015 |title=A phylogenomic data-driven exploration of viral origins and evolution |journal=Science Advances|volume=1 |number=8 |page=e1500527 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1500527 |pmid=26601271 |pmc=4643759 |bibcode=2015SciA....1E0527N }}</ref> 数据表明,病毒起源于与现代细胞的祖先共存的古细胞。这些古细胞很可能包含分段的RNA基因组。<ref name="Urbana–Champaign_pr" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nasir |first1=Arshan |last2=Naeem |first2=Aisha |last3=Jawad Khan |first3=Muhammad |last4=Lopez-Nicora |first4=Horacio D. |last5=Caetano-Anollés |first5=Gustavo |display-authors=3 |date=December 2011 |title=Annotation of Protein Domains Reveals Remarkable Conservation in the Functional Make up of Proteomes Across Superkingdoms |journal=Genes |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=869–911 |doi=10.3390/genes2040869 |pmc=3927607 |pmid=24710297}}</ref></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>***讨论:那么和病毒最近源的细胞谱系是哪一支呢***</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>***讨论:那么和病毒最近源的细胞谱系是哪一支呢***</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l856" >第856行:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第855行:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>***讨论:阮病毒的出现和某种“位移”或“逃逸”有关吗?这里所谓“从前生物阶段继承的复制模块”是什么呢?***</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>***讨论:阮病毒的出现和某种“位移”或“逃逸”有关吗?这里所谓“从前生物阶段继承的复制模块”是什么呢?***</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== RNA世界===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== RNA世界===</div></td></tr>
</table>
薄荷