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第1行： − 此词条暂由彩云小译翻译，未经人工整理和审校，带来阅读不便，请见谅。{{see also|Biological reproduction}}+ 第25行：
第25行： − + − 概览 第35行：
第34行： − + + − 理论 第95行：
第94行： − + + − 自我复制的类别 第103行：
第102行： − 最近的研究已经开始对复制因子进行分类，通常基于它们所需要的支持量。+ 第111行：
第110行： + + + − + 第133行：
第135行： − 机器复制因子的设计空间非常广阔。迄今为止，Robert Freitas 和 Ralph Merkle 的综合研究已经确定了137个设计维度分为十几个独立的类别，包括: (1)复制控制，(2)复制信息，(3)复制基板，(4)复制结构，(5)被动部件，(6)主动子单元，(7)复制能量学，(8)复制机运动学，(9)复制过程，(10)复制机性能，(11)产品结构，和(12)进化性。+ + 第141行：
第144行： − + + − 一种自我复制的电脑程序
无编辑摘要
此词条暂由袁一博翻译，未经人工整理和审校，带来阅读不便，请见谅。{{see also|Biological reproduction}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
==Overview==
==Overview 综述==
===Theory===
===Theory===
===Theory===
===Theory 理论===
{{See also|Von Neumann universal constructor}}
{{See also|Von Neumann universal constructor}}
===Classes of self-replication===
===Classes of self-replication===
===Classes of self-replication===
===Classes of self-replication 自复制的类别===
Recent research<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.MolecularAssembler.com/KSRM/5.1.htm | date = 2004 | accessdate = 29 June 2013 | last = Freitas | first = Robert | last2 = Merkle | first2 = Ralph | title = Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines - General Taxonomy of Replicators}}</ref> has begun to categorize replicators, often based on the amount of support they require.
Recent research<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.MolecularAssembler.com/KSRM/5.1.htm | date = 2004 | accessdate = 29 June 2013 | last = Freitas | first = Robert | last2 = Merkle | first2 = Ralph | title = Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines - General Taxonomy of Replicators}}</ref> has begun to categorize replicators, often based on the amount of support they require.
Recent research has begun to categorize replicators, often based on the amount of support they require.
Recent research has begun to categorize replicators, often based on the amount of support they require.
最近的研究已经开始对复制因子进行分类，通常基于它们所需要的支持程度。
*Natural replicators have all or most of their design from nonhuman sources. Such systems include natural life forms.
*Natural replicators have all or most of their design from nonhuman sources. Such systems include natural life forms.
*自然复制因子的设计全部或绝大部分来自非人类来源。这样的系统包含自然生命形式。
*[[Autotroph]]ic replicators can reproduce themselves "in the wild". They mine their own materials. It is conjectured that non-biological autotrophic replicators could be designed by humans, and could easily accept specifications for human products.
*[[Autotroph]]ic replicators can reproduce themselves "in the wild". They mine their own materials. It is conjectured that non-biological autotrophic replicators could be designed by humans, and could easily accept specifications for human products.
*无机复制因子可以在自然环境下进行自我复制。它们采掘自身的矿物质。据推测，非生物的无极复制因子可能由人类设计而成，并且可以轻易地接受人类产物的规格。
*Self-reproductive systems are conjectured systems which would produce copies of themselves from industrial feedstocks such as metal bar and wire.
*Self-reproductive systems are conjectured systems which would produce copies of themselves from industrial feedstocks such as metal bar and wire.
*可以利用工业原料，例如金属棒和金属丝，以产生自身的拷贝的自复制的系统存在于假想当中
*Self-assembling systems assemble copies of themselves from finished, delivered parts. Simple examples of such systems have been demonstrated at the macro scale.
*Self-assembling systems assemble copies of themselves from finished, delivered parts. Simple examples of such systems have been demonstrated at the macro scale.
*自组装系统将它们已经完成并运送过来的自复制部分组装起来。这种系统的简单例子已经在宏观尺度得到展示。
The design space for machine replicators is very broad. A comprehensive study to date by Robert Freitas and Ralph Merkle has identified 137 design dimensions grouped into a dozen separate categories, including: (1) Replication Control, (2) Replication Information, (3) Replication Substrate, (4) Replicator Structure, (5) Passive Parts, (6) Active Subunits, (7) Replicator Energetics, (8) Replicator Kinematics, (9) Replication Process, (10) Replicator Performance, (11) Product Structure, and (12) Evolvability.
The design space for machine replicators is very broad. A comprehensive study to date by Robert Freitas and Ralph Merkle has identified 137 design dimensions grouped into a dozen separate categories, including: (1) Replication Control, (2) Replication Information, (3) Replication Substrate, (4) Replicator Structure, (5) Passive Parts, (6) Active Subunits, (7) Replicator Energetics, (8) Replicator Kinematics, (9) Replication Process, (10) Replicator Performance, (11) Product Structure, and (12) Evolvability.
机器复制因子的设计空间非常广阔。迄今为止，罗伯特·弗雷塔斯(Robert Freitas)和拉尔夫·默克尔(Ralph Merkle)的综合研究已经确定了137个设计维度并将其分为十几个独立的类别，包括: (1)复制控制，(2)复制信息，(3)复制基质，(4)复制因子
结构，(5)被动部件，(6)主动子单元，(7)复制因子能量学，(8)复制因子运动学，(9)复制过程，(10)复制因子性能，(11)产物结构，和(12)进化性。
===A self-replicating computer program===
===A self-replicating computer program===
===A self-replicating computer program===
===A self-replicating computer program 一种自复制的电脑程序===
{{Main|Quine (computing)}}
{{Main|Quine (computing)}}