陆地生态系统
此词条暂由彩云小译翻译，翻译字数共365，未经人工整理和审校，带来阅读不便，请见谅。
Terrestrial ecosystems are ecosystems which are found on land. Examples include tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, tropical rain forest, grassland, deserts.[1]
Terrestrial ecosystems are ecosystems which are found on land. Examples include tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, tropical rain forest, grassland, deserts.
陆地生态系统是在陆地上发现的生态系统。例如苔原，针叶林，温带落叶林，热带雨林，草原，沙漠。
Terrestrial ecosystems differ from aquatic ecosystems by the predominant presence of soil rather than water at the surface and by the extension of plants above this soil/water surface in terrestrial ecosystems. There is a wide range of water availability among terrestrial ecosystems (including water scarcity in some cases), whereas water is seldom a limiting to organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Because water buffers temperature fluctuations, terrestrial ecosystems usually experience greater diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations than do aquatic ecosystems in similar climates.[2]
Terrestrial ecosystems differ from aquatic ecosystems by the predominant presence of soil rather than water at the surface and by the extension of plants above this soil/water surface in terrestrial ecosystems. There is a wide range of water availability among terrestrial ecosystems (including water scarcity in some cases), whereas water is seldom a limiting to organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Because water buffers temperature fluctuations, terrestrial ecosystems usually experience greater diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations than do aquatic ecosystems in similar climates.
陆地生态系统与水生生态系统的不同之处在于，陆地生态系统表面主要存在土壤而不是水，而且植物的生长范围也扩大到土壤/水面以上。陆地生态系统中水的可利用性范围很广(有时包括缺水) ，而水很少局限于水生生态系统中的生物。由于水缓冲温度的波动，陆地生态系统通常比相似气候下的水生生态系统经历更大的日和季节温度波动。
Terrestrial ecosystems are of particular importance especially in meeting Sustainable Development Goal 15 that targets the conservation-restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems.[3]
Terrestrial ecosystems are of particular importance especially in meeting Sustainable Development Goal 15 that targets the conservation-restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems.
陆地生态系统在实现可持续发展目标15方面尤其重要，该目标以文化遗产修复与维护和陆地生态系统的可持续利用为目标。
Organisms and processes
Organisms in terrestrial ecosystems have adaptations that allow them to obtain water when the entire body is no longer bathed in that fluid, means of transporting the water from limited sites of acquisition to the rest of the body, and means of preventing the evaporation of water from body surfaces. They also have traits that provide body support in the atmosphere, a much less buoyant medium than water, and other traits that render them capable of withstanding the extremes of temperature, wind, and humidity that characterize terrestrial ecosystems. Finally, the organisms in terrestrial ecosystems have evolved many methods of transporting gametes in environments where fluid flow is much less effective as a transport medium.[citation needed]
Organisms in terrestrial ecosystems have adaptations that allow them to obtain water when the entire body is no longer bathed in that fluid, means of transporting the water from limited sites of acquisition to the rest of the body, and means of preventing the evaporation of water from body surfaces. They also have traits that provide body support in the atmosphere, a much less buoyant medium than water, and other traits that render them capable of withstanding the extremes of temperature, wind, and humidity that characterize terrestrial ecosystems. Finally, the organisms in terrestrial ecosystems have evolved many methods of transporting gametes in environments where fluid flow is much less effective as a transport medium.
陆地生态系统中的生物体具有适应能力，使它们能够在整个身体不再沐浴在这种液体中时获得水分，能够将获得的水分从有限的获取点输送到身体的其他部位，并能够防止水分从身体表面蒸发。它们还具有在大气中为身体提供支持的特性，大气中的浮力比水要小得多，以及其他特性，使它们能够承受陆地生态系统特有的极端温度、风力和湿度。最后，陆地生态系统中的生物进化出了许多在流体作为传输介质效率低下的环境中运输配子的方法。
Size and plants
Terrestrial ecosystems occupy 55,660,000 mi2 (144,150,000 km2), or 28.26% of Earth's surface.[citation needed] Major plant taxa in terrestrial ecosystems are members of the division Magnoliophyta (flowering plants), of which there are about 275,000 species, and the division Pinophyta (conifers), of which there are about 500 species. Members of the division Bryophyta (mosses and liverworts), of which there are about 24,000 species, are also important in some terrestrial ecosystems. Major animal taxa in terrestrial ecosystems include the classes Insecta (insects) with about 900,000 species, Aves (birds) with 8,500 species, and Mammalia (mammals) with approximately 4,100 species.[citation needed]
Terrestrial ecosystems occupy 55,660,000 mi2 (144,150,000 km2), or 28.26% of Earth's surface. Major plant taxa in terrestrial ecosystems are members of the division Magnoliophyta (flowering plants), of which there are about 275,000 species, and the division Pinophyta (conifers), of which there are about 500 species. Members of the division Bryophyta (mosses and liverworts), of which there are about 24,000 species, are also important in some terrestrial ecosystems. Major animal taxa in terrestrial ecosystems include the classes Insecta (insects) with about 900,000 species, Aves (birds) with 8,500 species, and Mammalia (mammals) with approximately 4,100 species.
= = 大小和植物 = = 陆地生态系统占地面积55,660,000平方米(144,150,000平方公里) ，占地球表面的28.26% 。陆地生态系统的主要植物分类群是木兰科植物和针叶科植物，其中木兰科植物约有27.5万种，针叶科植物约有500种。苔藓植物科的成员(苔藓和地钱)约有24,000个物种，在一些陆地生态系统中也很重要。陆地生态系统中的主要动物类群包括昆虫纲(昆虫纲)约90万种，鸟纲(鸟纲)约8500种，哺乳动物纲(哺乳动物纲)约4100种。
See also
See also
= 参见 =
- Aquatic-terrestrial subsidies
- Colonization of land - history of terrestrial life
- Soil ecology
- Aquatic-terrestrial subsidies
- Colonization of land - history of terrestrial life
- Soil ecology
- 水陆补贴
- 陆地生命历史的殖民化
- 土壤生态
References
References
Category:Ecosystems
类别: 生态系统
This page was moved from wikipedia:en:Terrestrial ecosystem. Its edit history can be viewed at 陆地生态系统/edithistory