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Maxwell's demon is a thought experiment created by the physicist James Clerk Maxwell in 1867 in which he suggested how the second law of thermodynamics might hypothetically be violated. In the thought experiment, a demon controls a small door between two compartments of gas. As individual gas molecules approach the door, the demon quickly opens and shuts the door so that only fast molecules are passed into one of the chambers, while only slow molecules are passed into the other. Because faster molecules are hotter, the demon's behaviour causes one chamber to warm up and the other to cool down, thereby decreasing entropy and violating the second law of thermodynamics.  This thought experiment has provoked debate and theoretical work on the relation between thermodynamics and information theory extending to the present day, with a number of scientists arguing that theoretical considerations rule out any practical device violating the second law in this way.

Maxwell's demon is a thought experiment created by the physicist James Clerk Maxwell in 1867 in which he suggested how the second law of thermodynamics might hypothetically be violated. In the thought experiment, a demon controls a small door between two compartments of gas. As individual gas molecules approach the door, the demon quickly opens and shuts the door so that only fast molecules are passed into one of the chambers, while only slow molecules are passed into the other. Because faster molecules are hotter, the demon's behaviour causes one chamber to warm up and the other to cool down, thereby decreasing entropy and violating the second law of thermodynamics.  This thought experiment has provoked debate and theoretical work on the relation between thermodynamics and information theory extending to the present day, with a number of scientists arguing that theoretical considerations rule out any practical device violating the second law in this way.

'''<font color="#ff8000"> 麦克斯韦妖 Maxwell's demon</font>'''，是在物理学中假想的妖，能探测并控制单个分子的运动，于1867年由英国物理学家詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦 James Clerk Maxwell为了说明违反'''<font color="#ff8000"> 热力学第二定律 second law of thermodynamics</font>'''的可能性而设想的假想实验。在这个实验当中，一个妖怪控制着两个气体舱之间的一扇小门。当独立的气体分子接近门时，妖怪迅速的打开和关闭门，快速的分子进入其中的一个腔，慢速的分子进入另外一个腔。因为速度更快的分子温度更高，妖怪的动作导致一个腔室升温，另一个腔室降温，从而减少熵，违反了热力学第二定律。<ref>{{cite book |author=Cargill Gilston Knott |title=Life and Scientific Work of Peter Guthrie Tait |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1911 |pages=213–215 |chapter=Quote from undated letter from Maxwell to Tait | chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/lifescientificwo00knotuoft#page/212/mode/2up}}</ref>这个假想实验引起了关于热力学和信息论之间关系的争论和理论工作，直至今天一些科学家认为理论上的考虑排除了任何以这种方式违反第二定律的实际装置。

'''<font color="#ff8000"> 麦克斯韦妖 Maxwell's demon</font>'''是英国物理学家詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦 James Clerk Maxwell于1867年为了说明违反'''<font color="#ff8000"> 热力学第二定律 second law of thermodynamics</font>'''的可能性而设想的假想实验。在这个实验当中，一个妖怪控制着两个气体舱之间的一扇小门。当独立的气体分子接近门时，妖怪迅速的打开和关闭门，快速的分子进入其中的一个腔，慢速的分子进入另外一个腔。因为速度更快的分子温度更高，妖怪的动作导致一个腔室升温，另一个腔室降温，从而减少熵，违反了热力学第二定律。<ref>{{cite book |author=Cargill Gilston Knott |title=Life and Scientific Work of Peter Guthrie Tait |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1911 |pages=213–215 |chapter=Quote from undated letter from Maxwell to Tait | chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/lifescientificwo00knotuoft#page/212/mode/2up}}</ref>这个假想实验引起了关于热力学和信息论之间关系的争论和理论工作，直至今天一些科学家认为理论上的考虑排除了任何以这种方式违反第二定律的实际装置。