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'''Clark N. Glymour''' (born 1942) is the Alumni University Professor Emeritus in the Department of Philosophy at [[Carnegie Mellon University]]. He is also a senior research scientist at the [[Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/philosophy/people/emeritus/glymour.html|title=Clark Glymour|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|accessdate=December 16, 2019}}</ref>
 
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Clark N. Glymour (born 1942) is the Alumni University Professor Emeritus in the Department of Philosophy at Carnegie Mellon University. He is also a senior research scientist at the Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition.
 
  
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克拉克 n. 格莱莫尔(生于1942年)是名誉教授卡内基梅隆大学哲学系的校友。他也是佛罗里达人类和机器认知研究所的高级研究科学家。
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'''克拉克 · 格莱莫尔'''（Clark N. Glymour）生于1942年，是卡内基梅隆大学哲学系的校友大学名誉教授。他也是佛罗里达人类和机器认知研究所（[[Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition]]）的高级研究科学家。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/philosophy/people/emeritus/glymour.html|title=Clark Glymour|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|accessdate=December 16, 2019}}</ref>
  
 
==Work==
 
==Work==

2022年3月20日 (日) 16:22的版本

模板:Infobox academic

克拉克 · 格莱莫尔（Clark N. Glymour）生于1942年，是卡内基梅隆大学哲学系的校友大学名誉教授。他也是佛罗里达人类和机器认知研究所（Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition）的高级研究科学家。[1]

Work

Glymour is the founder of the Philosophy Department at Carnegie Mellon University, a Guggenheim Fellow, a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences,[2] a Phi Beta Kappa lecturer,[3] and is a Fellow of the statistics section of the AAAS.[4] Glymour and his collaborators created the causal interpretation of Bayes nets.[5] His areas of interest include epistemology[6] (particularly Android epistemology), machine learning, automated reasoning, psychology of judgment, and mathematical psychology.[7] One of Glymour's main contributions to the philosophy of science is in the area of Bayesian probability, particularly in his analysis of the Bayesian "problem of old evidence".[8][9] Glymour, in collaboration with Peter Spirtes and Richard Scheines, also developed an automated causal inference algorithm implemented as software named TETRAD.[10] Using multivariate statistical data as input, TETRAD rapidly searches from among all possible causal relationship models and returns the most plausible causal models based on conditional dependence relationships between those variables. The algorithm is based on principles from statistics, graph theory, philosophy of science, and artificial intelligence.[11]

Glymour is the founder of the Philosophy Department at Carnegie Mellon University, a Guggenheim Fellow, a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences, a Phi Beta Kappa lecturer, and is a Fellow of the statistics section of the AAAS. Glymour and his collaborators created the causal interpretation of Bayes nets.P. Spirtes, C. Glymour, R. Scheines, Causation, Prediction and Search, Springer Lecture Notes in Statistics, 1993. His areas of interest include epistemologyEpistemology: 5 Questions Edited by Vincent F. Hendricks and Duncan Pritchard, September 2008, . (particularly Android epistemology), machine learning, automated reasoning, psychology of judgment, and mathematical psychology. One of Glymour's main contributions to the philosophy of science is in the area of Bayesian probability, particularly in his analysis of the Bayesian "problem of old evidence".Glymour, C.; Theory and evidence (1981), pp. 63-93. Glymour, in collaboration with Peter Spirtes and Richard Scheines, also developed an automated causal inference algorithm implemented as software named TETRAD.Publications TETRAD. Retrieved December 16, 2019. Using multivariate statistical data as input, TETRAD rapidly searches from among all possible causal relationship models and returns the most plausible causal models based on conditional dependence relationships between those variables. The algorithm is based on principles from statistics, graph theory, philosophy of science, and artificial intelligence.Glymour, Clark; Scheines, Richard; Spirtes, Peter; Kelly, Kevin. "TETRAD: Discovering Causal Structure" Multivariate Behavioral Research 23.2 (1988). 10 July 2010. . .

格莱默是卡内基梅隆大学哲学系的创始人，古根海姆研究员，行为科学高级研究中心研究员，斐陶斐学会讲师，美国科学促进会统计部门研究员。和他的合作者创造了贝叶斯网络的因果解释。斯皮尔特斯，c. 格莱莫尔，r. 舍因斯，因果关系，预测和搜索，斯普林格统计讲义，1993。他的兴趣领域包括: 由 Vincent f. Hendricks 和 Duncan Pritchard 编辑的《认识论/认识论: 5个问题》 ，2008年9月，。(尤其是 Android 认识论)、机器学习、自动推理、判断心理学和数学心理学。格莱莫尔对科学哲学的主要贡献之一是在贝叶斯概率领域，特别是在他对贝叶斯“旧证据问题”的分析中。理论与证据(1981) ，页。63-93.格莱莫尔与彼得 · 斯皮尔茨和理查德 · 谢恩斯合作，还开发了一种自动因果推理算法，称为 TETRAD.Publications TETRAD。16,2019.利用多元统计数据作为输入，TETRAD 从所有可能的因果关系模型中快速搜索，并根据这些变量之间的条件依赖关系返回最合理的因果模型。该算法基于统计学、图论、科学哲学和人工智能的原理。格莱莫尔，克拉克; 舍因斯，理查德; Spirtes，彼得; 凯利，凯文。“四合一: 发现因果结构”多元行为研究23.2(1988)。二零一零年七月十日。.

Glymour earned undergraduate degrees in chemistry and philosophy. He did graduate work in chemical physics and obtained a Ph.D in History and Philosophy of Science from Indiana University in 1969.

Glymour earned undergraduate degrees in chemistry and philosophy. He did graduate work in chemical physics and obtained a Ph.D in History and Philosophy of Science from Indiana University in 1969.

获得了化学和哲学的本科学位。他毕业于化学物理学，并于1969年获得印第安纳大学历史与科学哲学博士学位。

Publications

Books

  • Theory and Evidence (Princeton, 1980)
  • Examining Holistic Medicine (with D. Stalker), Prometheus, 1985
  • Foundations of Space-Time Theories (with J. Earman), University of Minnesota Press, 1986
  • Discovering Causal Structure (with R. Scheines, P. Spirtes and K.Kelly) Academic Press, 1987
  • Causation, Prediction and Search (with P.Spirtes and R. Scheines), Springer, 1993, 2nd Edition MIT Press, 2001
  • Thinking Things Through, MIT Press, 1994
  • Android Epistemology (with K. Ford and P. Hayes) MIT/AAAI Press, 1996
  • The Mind's Arrows: Bayes Nets and Graphical Causal Models in Psychology, MIT Press, 2001
  • Galileo in Pittsburgh Harvard University Press, 2010.
  • Theory and Evidence (Princeton, 1980)
  • Examining Holistic Medicine (with D. Stalker), Prometheus, 1985
  • Foundations of Space-Time Theories (with J. Earman), University of Minnesota Press, 1986
  • Discovering Causal Structure (with R. Scheines, P. Spirtes and K.Kelly) Academic Press, 1987
  • Causation, Prediction and Search (with P.Spirtes and R. Scheines), Springer, 1993, 2nd Edition MIT Press, 2001
  • Thinking Things Through, MIT Press, 1994
  • Android Epistemology (with K. Ford and P. Hayes) MIT/AAAI Press, 1996
  • The Mind's Arrows: Bayes Nets and Graphical Causal Models in Psychology, MIT Press, 2001
  • Galileo in Pittsburgh Harvard University Press, 2010.

= = = = = = = = = = = 理论与证据(普林斯顿，1980)

  • 检验整体医学(与 d. Stalker 合著) ，普罗米修斯，1985
  • 时空理论基础(与 j. Earman 合著) ,明尼苏达大学出版社，1986
  • 发现因果结构(r. Scheines，p. Spirtes 和 K.Kelly 合著)学术出版社，1987
  • 因果关系，预测和搜索(p. Spirtes 和 r. Scheines 合著) ，Springer，1993，第二版麻省理工学院出版社，2001
  • ,1994
  • 安卓认识论(与 k · 福特和 p · 海耶斯合著)麻省理工学院/AAAI 出版社，1996
  • 心灵的箭头: 贝叶斯网和心理学中的图形因果模型，麻省理工学院出版社，2001
  • 伽利略，匹兹堡哈佛大学出版社，2010。

Journal articles

  • "The Evaluation of Discovery: Models, Simulation and Search through “Big Data”", Open Philosophy, 2019. Available on-line (Open Access): https://doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2019-0005
  • "When is a Brain Like the Planet?", Philosophy of Science, 2008.
  • (with David Danks) "Reasons as Causes in Bayesian Epistemology", Journal of Philosophy, 2008.
  • "Markov Properties and Quantum Experiments", in W. Demopoulos and I. Pitowsky, eds. Physical Theory and Its Interpretation: Essays in Honor of Jeffrey Bub, Springer 2006.
  • (with Chu, T. and David Danks) "Data Driven Methods for Granger Causality and Contemporaneous Causality with Non-Linear Corrections: Climate Teleconnection Mechanisms", 2004.
  • "Review of Phil Dowe and Paul Nordhoff: Cause and Chance: Causation in an Indeterministic World", Mind, 2005.
  • (with Eberhardt, Frederick, and Richard Scheines). "N-1 Experiments Suffice to Determine the Causal Relations Among N Variables", 2004.
  • (with F. Eberhardt and R. Scheines), "Log2(N) Experiments are Sufficient, and in the Worst Case Necessary, for Identifying Causal Structure", UAI Proceedings, 2005
  • (with Handley, Daniel, Nicoleta Serban, David Peters, Robert O'Doherty, Melvin Field, Larry Wasserman, Peter Spirtes, and Richard Scheines), "Evidence of systematic expressed sequence tag IMAGE clone cross-hybridization on cDNA microarrays", Genomics, Vol. 83, Issue 6 (June, 2004), 1169-1175.
  • (with Handley, Daniel, Nicoleta Serban, and David G. Peters). "Concerns About Unreliable Data from Spotted cDNA Microarrays Due to Cross-Hybridization and Sequence Errors", Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 (October 6, 2004), Article 25.
  • "Comment on D. Lerner", "The Illusion of Conscious Will", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, in press.
  • "Review of Joseph E. Early, Sr. (Ed.): Chemical Explanation: Characteristics, Development, Autonomy", Philosophy of Science, Vol. 71, No. 3 (July, 2004), 415-418.
  • (with Spirtes, and Peter Glymour). "Causal Inference", Encyclopedia of Social Science, in press
  • "We believe in freedom of the will so that we can learn", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Vol. 27, No. 5 (2004), 661-662.
  • "The Automation of Discovery", Daedelus, Vol. Winter (2004), 69-77.
  • (with Serban, Nicoleta, Larry Wasserman, David Peters, Peter Spirtes, Robert O'Doherty, Dan Handley, and Richard Scheines). "Analysis of microarray data for treated fat cells", (2003).
  • (with Danks, David, and Peter Spirtes). "The Computational and Experimental Complexity of Gene Perturbations for Regulatory Network Search", (2003).
  • (with Silva, Ricardo, Richard Scheines, and Peter Spirtes). "Learning Measurement Models for Unobserved Variables", UAI '03, Proceedings of the 19th Conference in Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, August 7–10, 2003, Acapulco, Mexico (2003), 543-550.
  • (with Danks, David and Peter Spirtes). "The Computational and Experimental Complexity of Gene Perturbations for Regulatory Network Search", Proceedings of IJCAI-2003 Workshop on Learning Graphical Models for Computational Genomics, (2003), 22-31.
  • (with Frank Wimberly, Thomas Heiman, and Joseph Ramsey). "Experiments on the Accuracy of Algorithms for Inferring the Structure of Genetic Regulatory Networks from Microarray Expression Levels", International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Workshop, 2003
  • "A Semantics and Methodology for Ceteris Paribus Hypotheses", Erkenntnis, Vol. 57 (2002), 395-405.
  • "Review of James Woodward, Making Things Happen: A Theory of Causal Explanation", British Journal for Philosophy of Science, Vol. 55 (2004), 779-790.
  • (with Fienberg, Stephen, and Richard Scheines). "Expert statistical testimony and epidemiological evidence: the toxic effects of lead exposure on children", Journal of Econometrics, Vol 113 (2003), 33-48.
  • "Learning, prediction and causal Bayes Nets", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 1 (2003), 43-47.
  • (with Alison Gopnik, David M. Sobel, Laura E. Schulz, Tamar Kushnir, and David Danks). "A theory of causal learning in children: Causal maps and Bayes nets", Psychological Review, Vol. 111, No. 1 (2004).
  • "Freud, Kepler, and the clinical evidence", in R. Wollheim and J. Hopkins, eds. Philosophical Essays on Freud, Cambridge University Press 1982.
  • and many others dating back to 1970.
  • "The Evaluation of Discovery: Models, Simulation and Search through “Big Data”", Open Philosophy, 2019. Available on-line (Open Access): https://doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2019-0005
  • "When is a Brain Like the Planet?", Philosophy of Science, 2008.
  • (with David Danks) "Reasons as Causes in Bayesian Epistemology", Journal of Philosophy, 2008.
  • "Markov Properties and Quantum Experiments", in W. Demopoulos and I. Pitowsky, eds. Physical Theory and Its Interpretation: Essays in Honor of Jeffrey Bub, Springer 2006.
  • (with Chu, T. and David Danks) "Data Driven Methods for Granger Causality and Contemporaneous Causality with Non-Linear Corrections: Climate Teleconnection Mechanisms", 2004.
  • "Review of Phil Dowe and Paul Nordhoff: Cause and Chance: Causation in an Indeterministic World", Mind, 2005.
  • (with Eberhardt, Frederick, and Richard Scheines). "N-1 Experiments Suffice to Determine the Causal Relations Among N Variables", 2004.
  • (with F. Eberhardt and R. Scheines), "Log2(N) Experiments are Sufficient, and in the Worst Case Necessary, for Identifying Causal Structure", UAI Proceedings, 2005
  • (with Handley, Daniel, Nicoleta Serban, David Peters, Robert O'Doherty, Melvin Field, Larry Wasserman, Peter Spirtes, and Richard Scheines), "Evidence of systematic expressed sequence tag IMAGE clone cross-hybridization on cDNA microarrays", Genomics, Vol. 83, Issue 6 (June, 2004), 1169-1175.
  • (with Handley, Daniel, Nicoleta Serban, and David G. Peters). "Concerns About Unreliable Data from Spotted cDNA Microarrays Due to Cross-Hybridization and Sequence Errors", Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 (October 6, 2004), Article 25.
  • "Comment on D. Lerner", "The Illusion of Conscious Will", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, in press.
  • "Review of Joseph E. Early, Sr. (Ed.): Chemical Explanation: Characteristics, Development, Autonomy", Philosophy of Science, Vol. 71, No. 3 (July, 2004), 415-418.
  • (with Spirtes, and Peter Glymour). "Causal Inference", Encyclopedia of Social Science, in press
  • "We believe in freedom of the will so that we can learn", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Vol. 27, No. 5 (2004), 661-662.
  • "The Automation of Discovery", Daedelus, Vol. Winter (2004), 69-77.
  • (with Serban, Nicoleta, Larry Wasserman, David Peters, Peter Spirtes, Robert O'Doherty, Dan Handley, and Richard Scheines). "Analysis of microarray data for treated fat cells", (2003).
  • (with Danks, David, and Peter Spirtes). "The Computational and Experimental Complexity of Gene Perturbations for Regulatory Network Search", (2003).
  • (with Silva, Ricardo, Richard Scheines, and Peter Spirtes). "Learning Measurement Models for Unobserved Variables", UAI '03, Proceedings of the 19th Conference in Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, August 7–10, 2003, Acapulco, Mexico (2003), 543-550.
  • (with Danks, David and Peter Spirtes). "The Computational and Experimental Complexity of Gene Perturbations for Regulatory Network Search", Proceedings of IJCAI-2003 Workshop on Learning Graphical Models for Computational Genomics, (2003), 22-31.
  • (with Frank Wimberly, Thomas Heiman, and Joseph Ramsey). "Experiments on the Accuracy of Algorithms for Inferring the Structure of Genetic Regulatory Networks from Microarray Expression Levels", International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Workshop, 2003
  • "A Semantics and Methodology for Ceteris Paribus Hypotheses", Erkenntnis, Vol. 57 (2002), 395-405.
  • "Review of James Woodward, Making Things Happen: A Theory of Causal Explanation", British Journal for Philosophy of Science, Vol. 55 (2004), 779-790.
  • (with Fienberg, Stephen, and Richard Scheines). "Expert statistical testimony and epidemiological evidence: the toxic effects of lead exposure on children", Journal of Econometrics, Vol 113 (2003), 33-48.
  • "Learning, prediction and causal Bayes Nets", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 1 (2003), 43-47.
  • (with Alison Gopnik, David M. Sobel, Laura E. Schulz, Tamar Kushnir, and David Danks). "A theory of causal learning in children: Causal maps and Bayes nets", Psychological Review, Vol. 111, No. 1 (2004).
  • "Freud, Kepler, and the clinical evidence", in R. Wollheim and J. Hopkins, eds. Philosophical Essays on Freud, Cambridge University Press 1982.
  • and many others dating back to 1970.

= = = 期刊文章 = = = =”发现的评估: 模型，模拟和通过”大数据”的搜索”，开放哲学，2019年。可用的在线(开放存取) : https://doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2019-0005

  • “什么时候大脑像地球？科学哲学》 ，2008年。
  • (与大卫 · 丹克斯合著)《贝叶斯认识论中的原因》 ，《哲学杂志》 ，2008年。
  • 《马尔可夫性质与量子实验》 ，w. Demopoulos and i. Pitowsky，eds。物理学理论及其解释: 纪念杰弗里 · 巴布的文章，斯普林格2006年。
  • (与 Chu，t. 和 David Danks 合著)“数据驱动的格兰杰因果关系和同时期的因果关系与非线性校正: 气候遥相关机制”，2004年。
  • 《回顾 Phil Dowe 和 Paul Nordhoff: 原因和机会: 不确定世界中的因果关系》 ，Mind，2005年。
  • (与埃伯哈特、弗雷德里克和理查德 · 谢因斯)。“ n-1实验足以确定 n 个变量之间的因果关系”，2004年。
  • (与 f. Eberhardt 和 r. Scheines 合作) ，“ Log2(n)实验是充分的，在最坏的情况下是必要的，以确定因果结构”，UAI Proceedings，2005
  • ，(与 Handley，Daniel，Nicoleta Serban，David Peters，Robert o’doherty，Melvin Field，Larry Wasserman，Peter Spirtes，和 Richard Scheines 合作) ，“ cDNA 微阵列上系统性的表达序列标签图像克隆交叉杂交的证据”，Vol。83，Issue 6(June，2004) ，1169-1175.
  • (与 Handley、 Daniel、 Nicoleta Serban 和 David g. Peters 合作)。“关于由于交叉杂交和序列错误引起的斑点 cDNA 微阵列的不可靠数据的关注”，遗传学和分子生物学统计应用，卷。第三期第一期(二○○四年十月六日)第二十五条。
  • 《对 d. Lerner 的评论》 ，《有意识的错觉》 ，《行为与脑科学》 ，出版社。
  • ”约瑟夫 · e · 厄利先生评论”。(教育署。《化学解释: 特征、发展、自主》 ，载《科学哲学》第卷。71，No.3(2004年7月) ，415-418。
  • (与 Spirtes 和 Peter Glymour 合作)。“因果推理”，社会科学百科全书，出版
  • “我们相信意志的自由，所以我们可以学习”，行为和脑科学，卷。27，No.5 (2004), 661-662.
  • 《发现的自动化》 ，代达罗斯，第一卷。冬季(2004) ，69-77。
  • (与 Serban、 Nicoleta、 Larry Wasserman、 David Peters、 Peter Spirtes、 Robert o’doherty、 Dan Handley 和 Richard Scheines 合作)。“处理过的脂肪细胞的微阵列数据分析”，(2003)。
  • (与丹克斯、大卫和彼得 · 斯皮尔特斯合作)。“调控网络搜索的基因扰动的计算和实验复杂性”，(2003)。
  • (与席尔瓦、里卡多、理查德•谢因斯和彼得•斯皮尔特斯)。“未观测变量的学习测量模型”，UAI’03，第19届人工智能不确定性会议论文集，2003年8月7-10，Acapulco (2003) ，543-550。
  • (与丹克斯、大卫和彼得 · 斯皮尔特斯合作)。“调控网络搜索的基因扰动的计算和实验复杂性”，ijcai-2003计算基因组学习图形模型研讨会论文集，(2003) ，22-31。
  • (与弗兰克 · 温伯利、托马斯 · 海曼和约瑟夫 · 拉姆齐)。“从微阵列表达水平推断基因调控网络结构的算法准确性实验”，人工智能研讨会国际联席会议，2003年
  • “ Ceteris Paribus 的语义学和方法学”，Erkenntnis，Vol。57 (2002), 395-405.
  • 《詹姆斯 · 伍德沃德评论，使事情发生: 因果解释理论》 ，《英国科学哲学杂志》 ，第一卷。55 (2004), 779-790.
  • (与芬伯格、斯蒂芬和理查德 · 谢恩斯)。“专家统计证据和流行病学证据: 铅暴露对儿童的毒性影响”，《计量经济学杂志》 ，2003年第113卷，33-48页。
  • ”学习、预测和因果贝叶斯网络”，《认知科学趋势》 ，第一卷。7，No.1 (2003), 43-47.
  • (与艾莉森•高普尼克、大卫•索贝尔、劳拉• e •舒尔茨、塔玛•库什尼尔和大卫•丹克斯)。“儿童因果学习理论: 因果地图和贝叶斯网”，《心理学评论》 ，第卷。111，No.1 (2004).
  • 《弗洛伊德、开普勒与临床证据》 ，载于 r. Wollheim 和 j. Hopkins 出版社编辑。弗洛伊德哲学论文集，剑桥大学出版社，1982。
  • 还有许多可以追溯到1970年的作品。

References

  1. ↑ "Clark Glymour". Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  2. ↑ "Awards and Elections, Fall 2019". Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  3. ↑ "Romanell-Phi Beta Kappa Professorship Past Winners". Phi Beta Kappa. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  4. ↑ "Clark Glymour". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  5. ↑ P. Spirtes, C. Glymour, R. Scheines, Causation, Prediction and Search, Springer Lecture Notes in Statistics, 1993.
  6. ↑ Epistemology: 5 Questions Edited by Vincent F. Hendricks and Duncan Pritchard, September 2008,
    .
  7. ↑ "Clark Glymour". Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  8. ↑ "Bayesian Epistemology". July 12, 2001.
  9. ↑ Glymour, C.; Theory and evidence (1981), pp. 63-93.
  10. ↑ Publications TETRAD. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  11. ↑ Glymour, Clark; Scheines, Richard; Spirtes, Peter; Kelly, Kevin. "TETRAD: Discovering Causal Structure" Multivariate Behavioral Research 23.2 (1988). 10 July 2010. 脚本错误：没有“Vorlage:Handle”这个模块。. 模板:PMID.

External links

  • IHMC website
  • Carnegie Mellon Department of Philosophy faculty page
  • TETRAD Project

= = 外部链接 =

  • IHMC 网站
  • 卡内基梅隆大学哲学系主页
  • 四维项目


Category:1942 births Category:Living people Category:American logicians Category:Philosophers of science Category:Indiana University alumni Category:Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition people Category:20th-century American philosophers Category:Carnegie Mellon University faculty Category:Place of birth missing (living people) Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

类别: 1942年出生类别: 活人类别: 美国逻辑学家类别: 科学哲学家类别: 印第安纳大学校友类别: 佛罗里达人类与机器认知类别: 20世纪美国哲学家类别: 卡内基梅隆大学教员类别: 出生地缺失(活人)类别: 美国艺术与科学院院士


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