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第214行： − 复杂适应系统有时可以用基于代理的模型和基于复杂网络的模型来建模。基于主体的模型主要是通过识别模型中的不同主体，利用各种方法和工具开发的。开发复杂适应系统模型的另一种方法是利用复杂适应系统各组成部分的交互数据开发复杂的网络模型。+ 第222行：
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→Modeling and simulation
* '''自组织（Self-organizing）''' ：系统由相互依赖、相互作用的组件以及系统的多样性组成。
* '''自组织（Self-organizing）''' ：系统由相互依赖、相互作用的组件以及系统的多样性组成。
== Modeling and simulation ==
== 系统的建模与仿真 Modeling and simulation ==
CAS are occasionally modeled by means of [[agent-based model]]s and [[complex network]]-based models.<ref>Muaz A. K. Niazi, Towards A Novel Unified Framework for Developing Formal, Network and Validated Agent-Based Simulation Models of Complex Adaptive Systems [https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/handle/1893/3365 PhD Thesis]</ref> Agent-based models are developed by means of various methods and tools primarily by means of first identifying the different agents inside the model.<ref>John H. Miller & Scott E. Page, Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life, Princeton University Press [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8429.html Book page]</ref> Another method of developing models for CAS involves developing complex network models by means of using interaction data of various CAS components.<ref>Melanie Mitchell, Complexity A Guided Tour, Oxford University Press, [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/LifeSciences/~~/dmlldz11c2EmY2k9OTc4MDE5NTEyNDQxNQ== Book page]</ref>
CAS are occasionally modeled by means of [[agent-based model]]s and [[complex network]]-based models.<ref>Muaz A. K. Niazi, Towards A Novel Unified Framework for Developing Formal, Network and Validated Agent-Based Simulation Models of Complex Adaptive Systems [https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/handle/1893/3365 PhD Thesis]</ref> Agent-based models are developed by means of various methods and tools primarily by means of first identifying the different agents inside the model.<ref>John H. Miller & Scott E. Page, Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life, Princeton University Press [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8429.html Book page]</ref> Another method of developing models for CAS involves developing complex network models by means of using interaction data of various CAS components.<ref>Melanie Mitchell, Complexity A Guided Tour, Oxford University Press, [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/LifeSciences/~~/dmlldz11c2EmY2k9OTc4MDE5NTEyNDQxNQ== Book page]</ref>
CAS are occasionally modeled by means of agent-based models and complex network-based models. Agent-based models are developed by means of various methods and tools primarily by means of first identifying the different agents inside the model. Another method of developing models for CAS involves developing complex network models by means of using interaction data of various CAS components.
CAS are occasionally modeled by means of agent-based models and complex network-based models. Agent-based models are developed by means of various methods and tools primarily by means of first identifying the different agents inside the model. Another method of developing models for CAS involves developing complex network models by means of using interaction data of various CAS components.
'''复杂适应系统（CAS）'''有时可以用'''基于主体的模型（Agent-based model）'''和'''基于复杂网络的模型（Complex network-based models）'''来建模。基于主体的模型主要是通过识别模型中的不同主体，利用各种方法和工具开发的。而开发复杂适应系统模型的另一种方法，则是利用复杂适应系统各组成部分的交互数据来构建复杂的网络模型。
In 2013 SpringerOpen/BioMed Central has launched an online open-access journal on the topic of complex adaptive systems modeling (CASM).
In 2013 SpringerOpen/BioMed Central has launched an online open-access journal on the topic of complex adaptive systems modeling (CASM).
2013年，SpringerOpen/BioMed Central 推出了一个在线开放获取期刊，主题是复杂适应性系统建模。
2013年，SpringerOpen/BioMed Central 推出了一个开放的在线获取期刊平台，其主题就是关于'''复杂适应性系统建模（CASM）'''。
== Evolution of complexity ==
== Evolution of complexity ==