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第384行：
第384行： − + 第390行：
第390行： − 在 ESS 的经典定义中，任何突变策略都不能入侵。在有限的群体中，任何突变体原则上都可以入侵，尽管概率很低，这意味着没有 ESS 可以存在。在一个无限种群中，ESS 可以被定义为一种策略，当它被一个新的概率为 p 的突变策略入侵时，它能够以概率大于 p 的方式从一个单独的起始个体中反击入侵，这可以用下注对冲的进化来说明。+ − −
→Stochastic ESS
种群是否在进化过程中处于稳定状态与它的基因多样性无关：它可以是遗传上的单态或多态的。
种群是否在进化过程中处于稳定状态与它的基因多样性无关：它可以是遗传上的单态或多态的。
== Stochastic ESS ==
== Stochastic ESS 随机的进化均衡策略 ==
In the classic definition of an ESS, no mutant strategy can invade. In finite populations, any mutant could in principle invade, albeit at low probability, implying that no ESS can exist. In an infinite population, an ESS can instead be defined as a strategy which, should it become invaded by a new mutant strategy with probability p, would be able to counterinvade from a single starting individual with probability >p, as illustrated by the evolution of [[Bet-hedging (biology)|bet-hedging]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=King |first=Oliver D. |author2=Masel, Joanna |author2link=Joanna Masel |title=The evolution of bet-hedging adaptations to rare scenarios |journal=Theoretical Population Biology|date=1 December 2007 |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=560–575 |doi=10.1016/j.tpb.2007.08.006 |pmid=17915273 |pmc=2118055}}</ref>
In the classic definition of an ESS, no mutant strategy can invade. In finite populations, any mutant could in principle invade, albeit at low probability, implying that no ESS can exist. In an infinite population, an ESS can instead be defined as a strategy which, should it become invaded by a new mutant strategy with probability p, would be able to counterinvade from a single starting individual with probability >p, as illustrated by the evolution of [[Bet-hedging (biology)|bet-hedging]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=King |first=Oliver D. |author2=Masel, Joanna |author2link=Joanna Masel |title=The evolution of bet-hedging adaptations to rare scenarios |journal=Theoretical Population Biology|date=1 December 2007 |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=560–575 |doi=10.1016/j.tpb.2007.08.006 |pmid=17915273 |pmc=2118055}}</ref>
In the classic definition of an ESS, no mutant strategy can invade. In finite populations, any mutant could in principle invade, albeit at low probability, implying that no ESS can exist. In an infinite population, an ESS can instead be defined as a strategy which, should it become invaded by a new mutant strategy with probability p, would be able to counterinvade from a single starting individual with probability >p, as illustrated by the evolution of bet-hedging.
In the classic definition of an ESS, no mutant strategy can invade. In finite populations, any mutant could in principle invade, albeit at low probability, implying that no ESS can exist. In an infinite population, an ESS can instead be defined as a strategy which, should it become invaded by a new mutant strategy with probability p, would be able to counterinvade from a single starting individual with probability >p, as illustrated by the evolution of bet-hedging.
在进化均衡策略的经典定义中，没有任何突变策略可以入侵。然而在有限种群中，任何突变体原则上是可以入侵的，尽管可能性很小，这就意味着在这个种群中绝对没有进化均衡策略的存在。如果在无限种群中，存在一个概率为P的新突变策略入侵，此时，进化均衡策略就被认为是具有概率大于p的策略方案且开始反击最初入侵的新突变策略个体，就像对冲交易的进化过程描述那样。
== Prisoner's dilemma ==
== Prisoner's dilemma ==