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| CGI 和计算机动画程序大多使用层次结构建模。例如在一个人体的三维模型中,胸部是左上臂的母体,而左上臂是左下臂的母体。层次结构用于几乎所有三维数字模型的建模和动画。 | | CGI 和计算机动画程序大多使用层次结构建模。例如在一个人体的三维模型中,胸部是左上臂的母体,而左上臂是左下臂的母体。层次结构用于几乎所有三维数字模型的建模和动画。 |
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− | ===Linguistics=== | + | ===Linguistics 语言学=== |
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| Many grammatical theories, such as [[phrase-structure grammar]], involve hierarchy. | | Many grammatical theories, such as [[phrase-structure grammar]], involve hierarchy. |
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| Many grammatical theories, such as phrase-structure grammar, involve hierarchy. | | Many grammatical theories, such as phrase-structure grammar, involve hierarchy. |
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− | 许多语法理论,如短语结构语法,都涉及层次性。
| + | 许多语法理论都涉及层次,例如短语结构语法。 |
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| Direct–inverse languages such as Cree and Mapudungun distinguish subject and object on verbs not by different subject and object markers, but via a hierarchy of persons. | | Direct–inverse languages such as Cree and Mapudungun distinguish subject and object on verbs not by different subject and object markers, but via a hierarchy of persons. |
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− | 克里语(Cree)和马普敦根语(Mapudungun)等正反语言不是通过不同的主语和宾语标记,而是通过人的等级来区分动词的主语和宾语。 | + | 克里语(Cree)和马普敦根语(Mapudungun)等<font color="#32CD32">正动-反动语言 Direct–inverse languages</font>不是通过不同的主语和宾语标记来区分动词的主语和宾语,而是通过人的层级来区分。 |
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| In this system, the three (or four with Algonquian languages) persons are placed in a hierarchy of salience. To distinguish which is subject and which object, inverse markers are used if the object outranks the subject. | | In this system, the three (or four with Algonquian languages) persons are placed in a hierarchy of salience. To distinguish which is subject and which object, inverse markers are used if the object outranks the subject. |
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− | 在这个系统中,3个人(或者4个阿尔冈昆诸语言)被放在显著的等级中。为了区分哪个是主语,哪个是宾语,如果宾语的级别高于主语,则使用反向标记。
| + | 在这个系统中,三个人(或者阿尔冈昆诸语言中四个人)被放在显著的等级中。为了区分哪个是主语,哪个是宾语,如果宾语的级别高于主语,则使用反向标记。 |
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| On the other hand, languages include a variety of phenomena that are not hierarchical. For example, the relationship between a pronoun and a prior noun phrase to which it refers, commonly crosses grammatical boundaries in non-hierarchical ways. | | On the other hand, languages include a variety of phenomena that are not hierarchical. For example, the relationship between a pronoun and a prior noun phrase to which it refers, commonly crosses grammatical boundaries in non-hierarchical ways. |
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− | 另一方面,语言包括各种不分等级的现象。例如,代词和它所指的名词短语之间的关系,通常以非等级的方式跨越语法界限。
| + | 另一方面,语言包括多种不分等级的现象。例如,代词和它所指的名词短语之间的关系,通常以非等级的方式跨越语法界限。 |
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| ===Music=== | | ===Music=== |