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集体智能在20世纪后期被引入机器学习社区，后被广泛认作为一种方法，旨在如何设计自利自适应主体的“群落”来满足系统范围内的目标要求。这与有关“奖励设计”的单主体工作有关，并已被博弈论和工程界的许多研究人员所推广。

集体智能在20世纪后期被引入机器学习社区，后被广泛认作为一种方法，旨在如何设计自利自适应主体的“群落”来满足系统范围内的目标要求。这与有关“奖励设计”的单主体工作有关，并已被博弈论和工程界的许多研究人员所推广。

== Dimensions ==

== Dimensions 维度==

[[文件:Complex adaptive system.gif|thumb|复杂自适应系统模型l]]

[[文件:Complex adaptive system.gif|thumb|复杂自适应系统模型l]]

[[File:Mass_collaboration.jpg|thumb|Stigmergic Collaboration: a theoretical framework for mass collaboration]]

[[文件:多智能系统协作Stigmergic Collaboration：大规模协作的理论框架.jpg|thumb|多智能系统协作Stigmergic Collaboration：大规模协作的理论框架]]

 

According to [[Don Tapscott]] and [[Anthony D. Williams (author)|Anthony D. Williams]], collective intelligence is [[mass collaboration]]. In order for this concept to happen, four principles need to exist;

 

 

 

According to [[Don Tapscott]] and [[Anthony D. Williams (author)|Anthony D. Williams]], collective intelligence is [[mass collaboration]]. In order for this concept to happen, four principles need to exist;<ref name="Tapscott, D. 2008" />

According to Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams, collective intelligence is mass collaboration. In order for this concept to happen, four principles need to exist;

According to Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams, collective intelligence is mass collaboration. In order for this concept to happen, four principles need to exist;

按照 Don Tapscott 和 Anthony d. Williams 的说法，集体智慧就是大规模的合作。要实现这个概念，需要有四个原则;

根据唐·塔普斯科特Don Tapscott和安东尼·威廉姆斯Anthony D. Williams的说法，集体智能就是大规模协作。为了使这个概念成立，需要存在四个原则。

; Openness: [[idea sharing|Sharing ideas]] and [[intellectual property]]: though these resources provide the edge over competitors more benefits accrue from allowing others to share ideas and gain significant improvement and scrutiny through collaboration.<ref name="Tapscott, D. 2008" />

; Openness: [[idea sharing|Sharing ideas]] and [[intellectual property]]: though these resources provide the edge over competitors more benefits accrue from allowing others to share ideas and gain significant improvement and scrutiny through collaboration.

  Openness: Sharing ideas and intellectual property: though these resources provide the edge over competitors more benefits accrue from allowing others to share ideas and gain significant improvement and scrutiny through collaboration.

  Openness: Sharing ideas and intellectual property: though these resources provide the edge over competitors more benefits accrue from allowing others to share ideas and gain significant improvement and scrutiny through collaboration.

开放性: 分享想法和知识产权: 尽管这些资源提供了相对于竞争对手的优势，但允许其他人分享想法并通过合作获得重大改进和审查会带来更多好处。

开放性

; Peering: Horizontal organization as with the 'opening up' of the Linux program where users are free to modify and develop it provided that they make it available for others. Peering succeeds because it encourages [[self-organization]]&nbsp;– a style of production that works more effectively than hierarchical management for certain tasks.<ref name="Tapscott, D. 2008" />

; Peering: Horizontal organization as with the 'opening up' of the Linux program where users are free to modify and develop it provided that they make it available for others. Peering succeeds because it encourages [[self-organization]]&nbsp;– a style of production that works more effectively than hierarchical management for certain tasks.

  Peering: Horizontal organization as with the 'opening up' of the Linux program where users are free to modify and develop it provided that they make it available for others. Peering succeeds because it encourages self-organization&nbsp;– a style of production that works more effectively than hierarchical management for certain tasks.

  Peering: Horizontal organization as with the 'opening up' of the Linux program where users are free to modify and develop it provided that they make it available for others. Peering succeeds because it encourages self-organization&nbsp;– a style of production that works more effectively than hierarchical management for certain tasks.

; [[Sharing]]: Companies have started to share some ideas while maintaining some degree of control over others, like potential and critical [[patent rights]]. Limiting all intellectual property shuts out opportunities, while sharing some expands markets and brings out products faster.<ref name="Tapscott, D. 2008" />

; [[Sharing]]: Companies have started to share some ideas while maintaining some degree of control over others, like potential and critical [[patent rights]]. Limiting all intellectual property shuts out opportunities, while sharing some expands markets and brings out products faster.

  Sharing: Companies have started to share some ideas while maintaining some degree of control over others, like potential and critical patent rights. Limiting all intellectual property shuts out opportunities, while sharing some expands markets and brings out products faster.

  Sharing: Companies have started to share some ideas while maintaining some degree of control over others, like potential and critical patent rights. Limiting all intellectual property shuts out opportunities, while sharing some expands markets and brings out products faster.

; Acting Globally: The advancement in communication technology has prompted the rise of global companies at low overhead costs. The [[internet]] is widespread, therefore a globally integrated company has no geographical boundaries and may access new markets, ideas and technology.<ref name="Tapscott, D. 2008">Tapscott, D., & Williams, A. D. (2008). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=DVomiOeBg_YC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=%22collective%20intelligence%22&f=false Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything]'', USA: Penguin Group</ref>

; Acting Globally: The advancement in communication technology has prompted the rise of global companies at low overhead costs. The [[internet]] is widespread, therefore a globally integrated company has no geographical boundaries and may access new markets, ideas and technology.

  Acting Globally: The advancement in communication technology has prompted the rise of global companies at low overhead costs. The internet is widespread, therefore a globally integrated company has no geographical boundaries and may access new markets, ideas and technology.

  Acting Globally: The advancement in communication technology has prompted the rise of global companies at low overhead costs. The internet is widespread, therefore a globally integrated company has no geographical boundaries and may access new markets, ideas and technology.

全球行动: 通信技术的进步促使全球公司以低廉的管理费用崛起。互联网是普遍的，因此一个全球性的综合性公司没有地理边界，可以进入新的市场，思想和技术。

全球行动

== Collective intelligence factor ''c'' ==

== Collective intelligence factor ''c'' ==