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Systems ecology seeks a holistic view of the interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems. Systems ecologists realise that the function of any ecosystem can be influenced by human economics in fundamental ways.  They have therefore taken an additional transdisciplinary step by including economics in the consideration of ecological-economic systems. In the words of R.L. Kitching:

Systems ecology seeks a holistic view of the interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems. Systems ecologists realise that the function of any ecosystem can be influenced by human economics in fundamental ways.  They have therefore taken an additional transdisciplinary step by including economics in the consideration of ecological-economic systems. In the words of R.L. Kitching:

系统生态学寻求生物系统和生态系统内部和之间的相互作用和交易的整体观点。系统生态学家意识到，任何生态系统的功能都可以从根本上受到人类经济学的影响。因此，他们采取了额外的跨学科步骤，将经济学纳入生态经济系统的考虑。用 r.l. 的话来说就是。返回文章页面风筝:

系统生态学寻求生物的系统和生态的系统内部，以及它们之间的相互作用和交换的'''<font color="#ff8000">整体的 Holistic</font>'''观点。系统生态学家意识到，任何生态系统的功能都可以从根本上受到人类经济学的影响。用R.L.Kitching的话来说就是，他们因此采取了额外的跨学科步骤，将经济学纳入生态经济系统的考虑。返回文章页面风筝: