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== 临床应用 Clinical applications ==

== 临床应用 Clinical applications ==

Health care facilities routinely track their infection rates according to the guidelines issued by the Joint Commission.<ref>{{cite web | title= Basic Statistical Data Used in Acute Care Facilities | publisher = JB Learning | url = http://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763750344/45561_CH01.pdf | accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref> The healthcare-associated infection (HAI) rates measure infection of patients in a particular hospital. This allows rates to compared with other hospitals. These infections can often be prevented when healthcare facilities follow guidelines for safe care. To get payment from Medicare, hospitals are required to report data about some infections to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). Hospitals currently submit information on central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), surgical site infections (SSIs), MRSA Bacteremia, and C. difficile laboratory-identified events. The public reporting of these data is an effort by the Department of Health and Human Services.<ref>{{cite web | title = Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) data | publisher = Medicare.gov| url = https://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/Data/Healthcare-Associated-Infections.html | accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}{{PD-notice}}</ref>

Health care facilities routinely track their infection rates according to the guidelines issued by the Joint Commission.<ref>{{cite web | title= Basic Statistical Data Used in Acute Care Facilities | publisher = JB Learning | url = http://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763750344/45561_CH01.pdf | accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref> The healthcare-associated infection (HAI) rates measure infection of patients in a particular hospital. This allows rates to compared with other hospitals. These infections can often be prevented when healthcare facilities follow guidelines for safe care. To get payment from Medicare, hospitals are required to report data about some infections to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). Hospitals currently submit information on central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), surgical site infections (SSIs), MRSA Bacteremia, and C. difficile laboratory-identified events. The public reporting of these data is an effort by the Department of Health and Human Services.<ref>{{cite web | title = Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) data | publisher = Medicare.gov| url = https://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/Data/Healthcare-Associated-Infections.html | accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>

卫生保健机构根据联合委员会发布的准则，定期跟踪其感染率。医疗保健相关感染（HAI）率用于衡量特定医院中患者的感染情况。 这样可以将感染率与其他医院相比。 当医疗机构遵循安全护理指南时，通常可以预防这些感染。 为了从Medicare获得付款，医院必须向疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的国家医疗安全网络（NHSN）报告有关某些感染的数据。 医院目前提交有关中心线相关的血液感染（CLABSI），导管相关的尿路感染（CAUTI），手术部位感染（SSI），MRSA细菌血症和艰难梭菌实验室鉴定事件的信息。 这些数据的公开报告是卫生与公共服务部的一项工作。

卫生保健机构根据联合委员会发布的准则，定期跟踪其感染率。医疗保健相关感染（HAI）率用于衡量特定医院中患者的感染情况。 这样可以将感染率与其他医院相比。 当医疗机构遵循安全护理指南时，通常可以预防这些感染。 为了从Medicare获得付款，医院必须向疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的国家医疗安全网络（NHSN）报告有关某些感染的数据。 医院目前提交有关中心线相关的血液感染（CLABSI），导管相关的尿路感染（CAUTI），手术部位感染（SSI），MRSA细菌血症和艰难梭菌实验室鉴定事件的信息。 这些数据的公开报告是卫生与公共服务部的一项工作。

For meaningful comparisons of infection rates, populations must be very similar between the two or more assessments. However, a problem with mean rates is that they cannot reflect differences in risk between populations.<ref>{{cite web | title= NHSN Standardized Infection Ratio |url = https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-resources/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf | accessdate = 2017-01-09 | date= December 2016 }}{{PD-notice}}</ref>

For meaningful comparisons of infection rates, populations must be very similar between the two or more assessments. However, a problem with mean rates is that they cannot reflect differences in risk between populations.<ref>{{cite web | title= NHSN Standardized Infection Ratio |url = https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-resources/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf | accessdate = 2017-01-09 | date= December 2016 }}</ref>

为了有意义地比较感染率，两次或更多次评估之间的人群必须非常相似。 但是，平均感染率存在的问题是它们无法反映人群之间的风险差异。

为了有意义地比较感染率，两次或更多次评估之间的人群必须非常相似。 但是，平均感染率存在的问题是它们无法反映人群之间的风险差异。