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'''<font color="#ff8000">生态系统 Ecosystem</font>'''中CO₂的生态学分析

'''<font color="#ff8000">生态系统 Ecosystem</font>'''中CO₂的生态学分析

'''Systems ecology''' is an [[interdisciplinary]] field of [[ecology]], a subset of [[Earth system science]], that takes a [[holism|holistic]] approach to the study of ecological systems, especially [[ecosystem]]s.<ref>{{cite book |title=Systems ecology|last=Shugart, Herman H. (Herman Henry), 1944-|last2=O'Neill, R. V. (Robert V.), 1940-|isbn=0-87933-347-2|oclc=4664585}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Ecosystems, systems ecology, and systems ecologists.|last=Van Dyne, George M., 1932-|publisher=Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Health Physics Divisions|date=1966|oclc=4247138}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Fundamental processes in ecology : an earth systems approach|last=Wilkinson, David M., 1963-|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2006|isbn=0-19-856846-0|oclc=67383832}}</ref>  Systems ecology can be seen as an application of [[general systems theory]] to ecology.  Central to the systems ecology approach is the idea that an ecosystem is a [[complex system]] exhibiting [[emergent properties]].  Systems ecology focuses on interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems, and is especially concerned with the way the functioning of ecosystems can be influenced by human interventions.  It uses and extends concepts from [[thermodynamics]] and develops other macroscopic descriptions of complex systems.

Systems ecology is an [[interdisciplinary]] field of [[ecology]], a subset of [[Earth system science]], that takes a [[holism|holistic]] approach to the study of ecological systems, especially [[ecosystem]]s.<ref>{{cite book |title=Systems ecology|last=Shugart, Herman H. (Herman Henry), 1944-|last2=O'Neill, R. V. (Robert V.), 1940-|isbn=0-87933-347-2|oclc=4664585}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Ecosystems, systems ecology, and systems ecologists.|last=Van Dyne, George M., 1932-|publisher=Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Health Physics Divisions|date=1966|oclc=4247138}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Fundamental processes in ecology : an earth systems approach|last=Wilkinson, David M., 1963-|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2006|isbn=0-19-856846-0|oclc=67383832}}</ref>  Systems ecology can be seen as an application of [[general systems theory]] to ecology.  Central to the systems ecology approach is the idea that an ecosystem is a [[complex system]] exhibiting [[emergent properties]].  Systems ecology focuses on interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems, and is especially concerned with the way the functioning of ecosystems can be influenced by human interventions.  It uses and extends concepts from [[thermodynamics]] and develops other macroscopic descriptions of complex systems.

Systems ecology is an interdisciplinary field of ecology, a subset of Earth system science, that takes a holistic approach to the study of ecological systems, especially ecosystems.  Systems ecology can be seen as an application of general systems theory to ecology.  Central to the systems ecology approach is the idea that an ecosystem is a complex system exhibiting emergent properties.  Systems ecology focuses on interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems, and is especially concerned with the way the functioning of ecosystems can be influenced by human interventions.  It uses and extends concepts from thermodynamics and develops other macroscopic descriptions of complex systems.

Systems ecology is an interdisciplinary field of ecology, a subset of Earth system science, that takes a holistic approach to the study of ecological systems, especially ecosystems.  Systems ecology can be seen as an application of general systems theory to ecology.  Central to the systems ecology approach is the idea that an ecosystem is a complex system exhibiting emergent properties.  Systems ecology focuses on interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems, and is especially concerned with the way the functioning of ecosystems can be influenced by human interventions.  It uses and extends concepts from thermodynamics and develops other macroscopic descriptions of complex systems.