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第57行： − + − − Different ways of visualizing the 6 degrees of freedom of a diatomic molecule. (CM: [[center of mass of the system, T: translational motion, R: rotational motion, V: vibrational motion.)]] − − 用不同的方式可视化双原子分子的6个自由度。(CM: [系统的质心，t: 平动运动，r: 旋转轴，v: 振动运动]] − − 第350行：
第344行： − −
→Gas molecules 气体分子
== Gas molecules 气体分子 ==
== Gas molecules 气体分子 ==
[[Image:Degrees of freedom (diatomic molecule).png|thumb|right|Different ways of visualizing the 6 degrees of freedom of a diatomic molecule. (CM: [[center of mass]] of the system, T: [[translational motion]], R: [[rotation]]al motion, V: [[molecular vibration|vibrational motion]].)]]
[[文件:Degrees of freedom (diatomic molecule).png|缩略图|右|可视化双原子分子六个自由度的不同方式。（其中CM：系统的质心，T：平移运动，R：旋转运动，V：振动运动。）]]
In three-dimensional space, three degrees of freedom are associated with the movement of a particle. A diatomic gas molecule has 6 degrees of freedom{{Dubious|reason=diatomic molecules have at most 6, usually 5|date=April 2017}}. This set may be decomposed in terms of translations, rotations, and [[molecular vibration|vibrations]] of the molecule. The [[center of mass]] motion of the entire molecule accounts for 3 degrees of freedom. In addition, the molecule has two [[rotation]]al degrees of motion and one{{Dubious|reason=diatomic molecules have at most 1, usually zero vibrational modes|date=April 2017}} [[vibrational mode]]. The rotations occur around the two axes perpendicular to the line between the two atoms. The rotation around the atom–atom bond is not a physical rotation{{Dubious|reason=Diatomic molecules rotate and precess|date=April 2017}}. This yields, for a diatomic molecule, a decomposition of:
In three-dimensional space, three degrees of freedom are associated with the movement of a particle. A diatomic gas molecule has 6 degrees of freedom{{Dubious|reason=diatomic molecules have at most 6, usually 5|date=April 2017}}. This set may be decomposed in terms of translations, rotations, and [[molecular vibration|vibrations]] of the molecule. The [[center of mass]] motion of the entire molecule accounts for 3 degrees of freedom. In addition, the molecule has two [[rotation]]al degrees of motion and one{{Dubious|reason=diatomic molecules have at most 1, usually zero vibrational modes|date=April 2017}} [[vibrational mode]]. The rotations occur around the two axes perpendicular to the line between the two atoms. The rotation around the atom–atom bond is not a physical rotation{{Dubious|reason=Diatomic molecules rotate and precess|date=April 2017}}. This yields, for a diatomic molecule, a decomposition of:
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==Independent degrees of freedom==
==Independent degrees of freedom==