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In three-dimensional space, three degrees of freedom are associated with the movement of a particle. A diatomic gas molecule has 6 degrees of freedom. This set may be decomposed in terms of translations, rotations, and vibrations of the molecule. The center of mass motion of the entire molecule accounts for 3 degrees of freedom. In addition, the molecule has two rotational degrees of motion and one vibrational mode. The rotations occur around the two axes perpendicular to the line between the two atoms. The rotation around the atom–atom bond is not a physical rotation. This yields, for a diatomic molecule, a decomposition of:

In three-dimensional space, three degrees of freedom are associated with the movement of a particle. A diatomic gas molecule has 6 degrees of freedom. This set may be decomposed in terms of translations, rotations, and vibrations of the molecule. The center of mass motion of the entire molecule accounts for 3 degrees of freedom. In addition, the molecule has two rotational degrees of motion and one vibrational mode. The rotations occur around the two axes perpendicular to the line between the two atoms. The rotation around the atom–atom bond is not a physical rotation. This yields, for a diatomic molecule, a decomposition of:

在三维空间中，粒子的运动与它的三个自由度有关。双原子气体分子具有6个自由度（存在争议）。因此可以根据其分子的平移，旋转和振动来分解该运动集合。整个分子的质心运动具有3个自由度。除此之外，其具有两个旋转自由度和一个[存在争议]振动自由度。其中旋转运动是围绕垂直于两个原子之间的连线轴发生。值得注意的是这里围绕原子和原子键的旋转并不是物理旋转[存在争议]。因此对于双原子分子，可以将其分解为：

在三维空间中，粒子的运动与它的三个自由度有关。双原子气体分子具有6个自由度（存在争议）。因此可以根据其分子的平移，旋转和振动来分解该运动集合。整个分子的质心运动具有3个自由度，除此之外，还具有两个旋转自由度和一个[存在争议]振动自由度。其中旋转运动是围绕垂直于两个原子之间的连线轴发生的。值得注意的是这里围绕原子和原子键的旋转并不是物理旋转[存在争议]。因此对于双原子分子，可以将其分解为：

 

:<math>N = 6 = 3 + 2 + 1.</math>

:<math>N = 6 = 3 + 2 + 1.</math>