更改

当温度趋于'''<font color="#ff8000"> 绝对零度 absolute zero</font>'''时，系统的熵趋于一个定值。除非晶固体(玻璃)外，系统在绝对零度时的熵通常接近于零。

当温度趋于'''<font color="#ff8000"> 绝对零度 absolute zero</font>'''时，系统的熵趋于一个定值。除非晶固体(玻璃)外，系统在绝对零度时的熵通常接近于零。

有人提出了其他的定律，但没有一个达到公认的四个定律的普遍性，也没有在标准教科书中被讨论<ref name="Guggenheim 1985"/><ref name="Kittel and Kroemer 1980"/><ref name="Adkins 1968"/><ref name="LJCV 2008"/><ref name="DGM 1962">De Groot, S.R., Mazur, P. (1962). ''Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics'', North Holland, Amsterdam.</ref><ref name="Glansdorff and Prigogine 1971">Glansdorff, P., Prigogine, I. (1971). ''Thermodynamic Theory of Structure, Stability and Fluctuations'', Wiley-Interscience, London, {{ISBN|0-471-30280-5}}.</ref>

有人提出了其他的定律，但没有一个达到公认的四个定律的普遍性，也没有在标准教科书中被讨论<ref name="Guggenheim 1985">Guggenheim, E.A. (1985). ''Thermodynamics. An Advanced Treatment for Chemists and Physicists'', seventh edition, North Holland, Amsterdam, {{ISBN|0-444-86951-4}}.</ref><ref name="Kittel and Kroemer 1980">Kittel, C. Kroemer, H. (1980). ''Thermal Physics'', second edition, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, {{ISBN|0-7167-1088-9}}.</ref><ref name="Adkins 1968">Adkins, C.J. (1968). ''Equilibrium Thermodynamics'', McGraw-Hill, London, {{ISBN|0-07-084057-1}}.</ref><ref name="LJCV 2008">Lebon, G., Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J. (2008). ''Understanding Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics. Foundations, Applications, Frontiers'', Springer, Berlin, {{ISBN|978-3-540-74252-4}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Chris Vuille |author2=Serway, Raymond A. |author3=Faughn, Jerry S. |title=College physics |publisher=Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning |location=Belmont, CA |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-495-38693-3 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= | page =  355 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CX0u0mIOZ44C&pg=PT355}}</ref>.

 

==热力学零定律 Zeroth law ==

==热力学零定律 Zeroth law ==