更改

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The verb phrase to feed back, in the sense of returning to an earlier position in a mechanical process, was in use in the US by the 1860s, and in 1909, Nobel laureate Karl Ferdinand Braun used the term "feed-back" as a noun to refer to (undesired) coupling between components of an electronic circuit.

The verb phrase to feed back, in the sense of returning to an earlier position in a mechanical process, was in use in the US by the 1860s, and in 1909, Nobel laureate Karl Ferdinand Braun used the term "feed-back" as a noun to refer to (undesired) coupling between components of an electronic circuit.

19世纪60年代，美国开始使用动词短语反馈，意思是在机械过程中回到原来的位置。<ref>''"Heretofore ... it has been necessary to reverse the motion of the rollers, thus causing the material to travel or feed back, ..."'' HH Cole, "Improvement in Fluting-Machines", [http://www.google.co.nz/patents/US55469 US Patent 55,469 (1866)] accessed 23 March 2012.</ref><ref>''"When the journal or spindle is cut ... and the carriage is about to feed back by a change of the sectional nut or burr upon the screw-shafts, the operator seizes the handle..."'' JM Jay, "Improvement in Machines for Making the Spindles of Wagon-Axles",  [http://www.google.co.nz/patents/US47769 US Patent 47,769 (1865)] accessed 23 March 2012. Maintaining a desired system performance despite disturbance using negative feedback to reduce system error</ref> 1909年，诺贝尔奖获得者卡尔·费迪南德·布劳恩 Karl Ferdinand Braun用名词“反馈”来指电子电路元件之间的(不希望有的)耦合。<ref>''"...as far as possible the circuit has no feed-back into the system being investigated."''

19世纪60年代，美国开始使用关于反馈的动词短语，意思是在机械过程中回到原来的位置。<ref>''"Heretofore ... it has been necessary to reverse the motion of the rollers, thus causing the material to travel or feed back, ..."'' HH Cole, "Improvement in Fluting-Machines", [http://www.google.co.nz/patents/US55469 US Patent 55,469 (1866)] accessed 23 March 2012.</ref><ref>''"When the journal or spindle is cut ... and the carriage is about to feed back by a change of the sectional nut or burr upon the screw-shafts, the operator seizes the handle..."'' JM Jay, "Improvement in Machines for Making the Spindles of Wagon-Axles",  [http://www.google.co.nz/patents/US47769 US Patent 47,769 (1865)] accessed 23 March 2012. Maintaining a desired system performance despite disturbance using negative feedback to reduce system error</ref> 1909年，诺贝尔奖获得者卡尔·费迪南德·布劳恩 Karl Ferdinand Braun用名词“反馈”来指电子电路元件之间的(不希望有的)耦合。<ref>''"...as far as possible the circuit has no feed-back into the system being investigated."''

An example of a negative feedback loop with goals

An example of a negative feedback loop with goals

[http://www.cdvandtext2.org/Braun-Nobel-lecture%201909.pdf]

[http://www.cdvandtext2.org/Braun-Nobel-lecture%201909.pdf]

For feedback in the educational context, see corrective feedback.

For feedback in the educational context, see corrective feedback.