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Thought-capable artificial beings appeared as storytelling devices since antiquity,

Thought-capable artificial beings appeared as storytelling devices since antiquity,

and have been a persistent theme in [[science fiction]].

and have been a persistent theme in [[science fiction]].

A common trope in these works began with Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, where a human creation becomes a threat to its masters. This includes such works as Arthur C. Clarke's and Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey (both 1968), with HAL 9000, the murderous computer in charge of the Discovery One spaceship, as well as The Terminator (1984) and The Matrix (1999). In contrast, the rare loyal robots such as Gort from The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) and Bishop from Aliens (1986) are less prominent in popular culture.

A common trope in these works began with Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, where a human creation becomes a threat to its masters. This includes such works as Arthur C. Clarke's and Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey (both 1968), with HAL 9000, the murderous computer in charge of the Discovery One spaceship, as well as The Terminator (1984) and The Matrix (1999). In contrast, the rare loyal robots such as Gort from The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) and Bishop from Aliens (1986) are less prominent in popular culture.

在这些作品中，玛丽 · 雪莱的《弗兰肯斯坦》最先使用了这种常见的比喻 ，在这部作品中，人造物对其主人产生了威胁。这些作品包括亚瑟·查理斯·克拉克斯坦利 · 库布里克的《2001: 太空漫游》(2001: a Space Odyssey，都是1968年出品) ，包括哈尔9000(HAL 9000) ，负责发现一号飞船的凶残计算机，以及《终结者》(The Terminator，1984)和《黑客帝国》(The Matrix，1999)。相比之下，像《地球停止转动的日子》(1951)中的格特和《异形》(1986)中的主教这样罕见的忠诚机器人在流行文化中就不那么突出了。

在这些作品中，玛丽 · 雪莱的《弗兰肯斯坦》最先使用了这种常见的提法 ，在这部作品中，人造物对其主人产生了威胁。这些作品包括亚瑟·查理斯·克拉克和斯坦利 · 库布里克的《2001: 太空漫游》(2001: a Space Odyssey，都是1968年出品) ，包括哈尔9000(HAL 9000) ，负责发现一号飞船的凶残计算机，以及《终结者》(The Terminator，1984)和《黑客帝国》(The Matrix，1999)。相比之下，像《地球停止转动的日子》(1951)中的格特和《异形》(1986)中的毕晓普（Bishop）这样罕见的忠诚机器人在流行文化中就不那么突出了。

Transhumanism (the merging of humans and machines) is explored in the manga Ghost in the Shell and the science-fiction series Dune. In the 1980s, artist Hajime Sorayama's Sexy Robots series were painted and published in Japan depicting the actual organic human form with lifelike muscular metallic skins and later "the Gynoids" book followed that was used by or influenced movie makers including George Lucas and other creatives. Sorayama never considered these organic robots to be real part of nature but always unnatural product of the human mind, a fantasy existing in the mind even when realized in actual form.

Transhumanism (the merging of humans and machines) is explored in the manga Ghost in the Shell and the science-fiction series Dune. In the 1980s, artist Hajime Sorayama's Sexy Robots series were painted and published in Japan depicting the actual organic human form with lifelike muscular metallic skins and later "the Gynoids" book followed that was used by or influenced movie makers including George Lucas and other creatives. Sorayama never considered these organic robots to be real part of nature but always unnatural product of the human mind, a fantasy existing in the mind even when realized in actual form.

漫画《攻壳机动队》(manga Ghost in the Shell)和科幻小说《沙丘》(Dune)探讨了超人类主义(人类和机器的结合)。20世纪80年代，艺术家空山基的性感机器人系列在日本绘制并出版，描绘了真实的有机人类形体，拥有栩栩如生的金属肌肉皮肤，后来又出版了《雌蕊》一书，该书被乔治 · 卢卡斯等电影制作人使用。空山基从来不认为这些有机机器人是自然的一部分，而是非自然的人类心智的产品，一个存在于头脑中，也许能以实体形式实现的幻想。

漫画《攻壳机动队》(manga Ghost in the Shell)和科幻小说《沙丘》(Dune)探讨了超人类主义(人类和机器的结合)。20世纪80年代，艺术家空山基的性感机器人系列在日本绘制并出版，描绘了真实的拥有栩栩如生的金属肌肉皮肤的有机人类形体，后来又出版了《雌蕊》一书，该书被乔治 · 卢卡斯等电影制作人使用。空山基从来不认为这些有机机器人是自然的一部分，而是非自然的人类心智的产品，一个存在于头脑中，也许能以实体形式实现的幻想。

Several works use AI to force us to confront the fundamental question of what makes us human, showing us artificial beings that have the ability to feel, and thus to suffer. This appears in Karel Čapek's R.U.R., the films A.I. Artificial Intelligence and Ex Machina, as well as the novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, by Philip K. Dick. Dick considers the idea that our understanding of human subjectivity is altered by technology created with artificial intelligence.

Several works use AI to force us to confront the fundamental question of what makes us human, showing us artificial beings that have the ability to feel, and thus to suffer. This appears in Karel Čapek's R.U.R., the films A.I. Artificial Intelligence and Ex Machina, as well as the novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, by Philip K. Dick. Dick considers the idea that our understanding of human subjectivity is altered by technology created with artificial intelligence.

一些作品向我们展示了有感知的能力，因此也有遭受苦难的能力的AI，迫使我们面对是什么让我们成为人类这一根本问题。这些都在卡雷尔 · 阿佩克的电影《AI》、AI和机器人，以及菲利普·K·迪克的小说《机器人会梦见电子羊吗?》中都有出现。迪克认为，AI创造的技术改变了我们对人类主观性的理解。

一些作品向我们展示了有感知的能力，因此也有遭受苦难的能力的AI，迫使我们面对是什么让我们成为人类这一根本问题。这些都在卡雷尔 · 阿佩克的电影《人工智能》、《机器姬》，以及菲利普·K·迪克的小说《机器人会梦见电子羊吗?》中都有出现。迪克认为，AI创造的技术改变了我们对人类主观性的理解。

 

 

 

 

 

 

==参见 See also==

==参见 See also==